切根施肥对新疆骏枣树根系发育影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240462

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究不同断根方式和施肥条件下枣树根系的复壮特性，为枣园切根抚育机械的研发、林木根系退化防控和化肥减施技术提供研究基础和理论参考。方法: 以新疆骏枣树为研究对象，在试验区域内设计一种基于圆柱空间化处理的试验方法，设置5个处理和1个对照进行重复试验，处理6个月后测定根系的复壮特性指标，以探究不同断根方式和施肥对枣树根系发育的影响。结果: 1）断根和施肥处理均能促进根系萌发，仅断根处理根系萌发数量比对照组增加244.21%（P<0.01），仅施肥处理根系萌发数量比对照组增加69.82%（P<0.05）；2）剪断比拉断促进新根萌发作用更显著，剪断处理比拉断处理新根萌发数量高119.65%（P<0.01），拉断处理新根距切根断点的距离是剪断处理的13.74倍（P<0.01）；3）断根和施肥处理具有协同作用，剪断+施肥处理新根萌发数量比仅切根高26.57%（P<0.05），比仅施肥高156.56%（P<0.01）。结论: 不同断根方式对根系复壮效果不同，切根机械应尽可能实现根系整齐切断的作业效果。断根+施肥是一种潜在的化肥减施技术，枣树切根抚育机械应同时具备切根和施肥功能。

关键词: 枣树, 根系退化, 切根复壮, 施肥, 试验设计

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of different root cutting methods and fertilization on the development of jujube tree roots, providing a research basis for the development of jujube orchard root cutting and nurturing machinery, and providing reference for the prevention and control of tree root degradation and fertilizer reduction technology. Method: Xinjiang Junzao trees were used as the research object, and an experimental method based on cylindrical spatialization was designed in a relatively limited experimental area. Five treatments and one control were set up for repeated experiments to determine the root system's rejuvenation characteristics after 6 months of experimental treatment. Result: 1) Both root cutting and fertilization were able to promote the germination of root system quantity. The root cutting treatment alone increased by 244.21% (P<0.01) compared to the control group, while the fertilization treatment alone increased by 69.82% (P<0.05) compared to the control group. 2) Cutting had a more significant effect on promoting new root germination than pulling apart, with a 119.65% increase in the number of newly germinated roots (P<0.01). The distance between new roots and the broken point by pulling treatment was 13.74 times that under cutting treatment (P<0.01). 3) Root cutting and fertilization had a synergistic effect, with the number of newly germinated roots increased by 26.57% (P<0.05) compared to root cutting alone and 156.56% (P<0.01) compared to fertilization alone. Conclusion: Different root cutting methods have different effects on root system rejuvenation, and the root cutting methods cause less mechanical damage to the roots than the pulling apart. Root cutting machinery should strive to achieve the effect of neat root cutting as much as possible. Root cutting plus fertilization is a potential technique for reducing fertilizer application, and the root cutting and nurturing machinery of jujube trees should also have the root cutting and fertilization functions.

Key words: jujube tree, root system degradation, root cutting and rejuvenation, fertilization, experimental design

中图分类号:

S769

王得伟,王德成,王旭峰,付裕,张学宁,奚倩. 切根施肥对新疆骏枣树根系发育影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(9): 236-244.

Dewei Wang,Decheng Wang,Xufeng Wang,Yu Fu,Xuening Zhang,Qian Xi. Preliminary Report on the Effect of Root Cutting and Fertilization on the Root Development of Xinjiang Jujube Tree[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(9): 236-244.

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项目 Item	对照 Control	剪断 Cut off the roots	拉断 Break the roots	剪断+施肥 Cut off the roots +fertilize	拉断+施肥 Break the roots +fertilize	仅施肥 Fertilization only
试验线 Test line	A₀G₀	B₀b₆+6B₁	C₀c₅+5C₁	D₀d₄+4D₁	E₀e₃+3E₁	F₀f₂+2F₁
重复试验点 Repeat test points	a₁、a₂、a₃、a₄、 a₅、a₆、a₇	b₁、b₂、b₃、b₄、 b₅、b₆、b₇	c₁、c₂、c₃、c₄、 c₅、c₆、c₇	d₁、d₂、d₃、d₄、 d₅、d₆、d₇	e₁、e₂、e₃、e₄、 e₅、e₆、e₇	f₁、f₂、f₃、f₄、 f₅、f₆、f₇

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