柑橘园覆盖光叶苕子促进土壤颗粒有机碳净积累

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240186

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 明确在绿肥生长和自然腐解阶段，柑橘树根际和非根际土壤有机碳组分变化及其主要影响因素，以期更好地理解绿肥覆盖对果园土壤碳组分的作用机制，为推广果园绿肥覆盖措施提供科学依据。方法: 以光叶苕子覆盖的柑橘园为研究对象，以清耕处理为对照，在光叶苕子生长和自然腐解季节，探索柑橘根际和非根际土颗粒有机碳（包含游离态颗粒有机碳和闭蓄态颗粒有机碳）及矿物结合有机碳的分布，并分析土壤有机碳组分变化与植物特征（柑橘细根碳氮磷含量、苕子地上和细根年碳氮磷输入量）和土壤因子（游离态颗粒有机氮、闭蓄态颗粒有机氮、矿物结合有机氮、全氮、全磷、黏粒含量及胞外酶活性）的关系。结果: 与清耕对比，在苕子生长和腐解季节，绿肥覆盖均显著（P<0.05）增加了根际土（34.13%、56.01%）和非根际土的闭蓄态颗粒有机碳含量（33.02%和64.23%）；均显著（P<0.05）降低了根际土（?12.56%、?19.72%）和非根际土的矿物结合有机碳含量（?13.10%、?20.67%）。游离态颗粒有机碳含量在苕子生长季节的非根际土显著增加（78.77%，P<0.05），而根际土降低（?8.48%，P<0.05），但在苕子腐解季节相反，表现为非根际土降低（?18.66%，P<0.05）、根际土增加（18.62%，P<0.05）。冗余分析表明，在光叶苕子覆盖下的柑橘园，土壤的游离态颗粒有机碳和闭蓄态颗粒有机碳含量与苕子细根的年碳氮输入量、土壤闭蓄态颗粒有机氮含量、全氮含量及黏粒含量显著（P<0.05）正相关，土壤矿物结合有机氮含量与矿物结合有机碳含量显著（P<0.05）正相关。方差分析表明，光叶苕子覆盖提高了植物与土壤因子对土壤有机碳组分的共同作用（从18.3%增加到33.9%）。层次分割进一步确定，矿物结合有机氮是降低土壤矿物结合有机碳含量的主要因素，闭蓄态颗粒有机氮、苕子细根的年碳氮输入量、土壤黏粒含量是影响土壤游离态颗粒有机碳和闭蓄态颗粒有机碳积累的主要因素。结论: 光叶苕子覆盖通过其细根释放的碳氮及对土壤矿物结合有机氮含量的调控，促进了土壤颗粒有机碳积累，同时抵消土壤矿物结合有机碳的损失，最终实现了柑橘园土壤有机碳的净增加。绿肥覆盖带来的生态效益使其成为果园提升碳潜力的管理方式之一。

关键词: 三峡库区, 光叶苕子覆盖, 生长季节, 自然腐解季节, 土壤有机碳组分

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to clarify the changes in soil organic carbon components and the main influencing factors in both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of citrus trees during the growth and natural decomposition seasons of green manure. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which green manure cover affects soil carbon components in orchards, providing scientific evidence to support the promotion of green manure practices in orchard management. Method: Citrus orchards with and without smooth vetch cover (clean tillage treatment) were selected to measure the distribution of the particulate organic carbon, including free particulate organic carbon and occluded particulate organic carbon, as well as mineral-associated organic carbon in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils during the growth and decomposition seasons of the vetch. And the relationship between soil organic carbon components and plant characteristics (including the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of citrus fine roots, as well as annual carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus input by vetch aboveground and fine root) and edaphic variables (free particulate organic nitrogen, occluded particulate organic nitrogen, mineral-associated organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, clay content, and extracellular enzyme activity) were also analyzed. Result: Compared to clear tillage, vetch cover significantly increased (P<0.05) the occluded particulate organic carbon content in both rhizosphere (34.13% and 56.01%, respectively) and non-rhizosphere soils (33.02% and 64.23%, respectively) during the vetch growth and decomposition seasons. However, vetch cover also significantly decreased (P<0.05) mineral-associated organic carbon content in both rhizosphere (?12.56% and ?19.72%, respectively) and non-rhizosphere soils (?13.10% and ?20.67%, respectively) during the both seasons. During vetch growth season, free particulate organic carbon content was significantly increased (P<0.05) in non-rhizosphere soils (78.77%) but decreased in rhizosphere soil (?8.48%). Conversely, during vetch decomposition seasons, free particulate organic carbon content was decreased in non-rhizosphere soil (?18.66%, P<0.05) and increased (18.62%, P<0.05) in rhizosphere soil. Redundancy analysis showed that in citrus orchard with vetch cover, the content of free particulate organic carbon and occluded particulate organic carbon in the soil was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with the annual carbon and nitrogen inputs from vetch fine roots, as well as with the soil’s occluded particulate organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and clay content. Additionally, soil mineral-associated organic nitrogen content was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with mineral-associated organic carbon content. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that vetch cover increased the joint effect of plants and soil factors on soil organic carbon components (from 18.3% to 33.9%). Hierarchical partitioning further identified that soil mineral-associated organic nitrogen was the primary factor responsible for the reduction of mineral-associated organic carbon, while occluded particulate organic nitrogen, the annual carbon and nitrogen input from vetch fine roots, and soil clay content were the main factors effect on the accumulation of soil free particulate organic carbon and occluded particulate organic carbon. Conclusion: Vetch cover promotes the accumulation of soil particulate organic carbon by carbon and nitrogen released by its fine roots, as well as the regulation of soil mineral-associated organic nitrogen content. This process offsets the loss of soil mineral-associated organic carbon, ultimately resulting in a net increase in soil organic carbon of citrus orchards. This study highlights the ecological benefits brought by green manure cover and provides a scientific basis for promoting green manure practices in fruit orchards.The ecological benefits brought by green manure cover make it one of the management practices for enhancing the carbon potential of orchards.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir Area, smooth vetch cover, growth season, naturally decomposition season, soil organic carbon components

中图分类号:

张佳佳,肖文发,雷蕾,杨鑫,胡建文,杨洪炳,廖倚凌,曾立雄. 柑橘园覆盖光叶苕子促进土壤颗粒有机碳净积累[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(2): 74-84.

Jiajia Zhang,Wenfa Xiao,Lei Lei,Xin Yang,Jianwen Hu,Hongbing Yang,Yiling Liao,Lixiong Zeng. Smooth-Vetch Cover Promotes the Net Accumulation of Soil Particulate Organic Carbon of Citrus Orchards[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(2): 74-84.

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项目Item	苕子覆盖 Vetch cover	清耕 Clean tillage
柑橘年龄 Citrus age /a	3	3
覆盖年限 Cover age /a	2	0
苕子地上部分的年碳输入量 Vetch annual above-ground carbon input / (kg·hm^?2a^?1)	1 472.67±107.24	0
苕子地上部分的年氮输入量 Vetch annual above-ground nitrogen content / (kg·hm^?2a^?1)	93.31±10.76	0
苕子地上部分的年磷输入量 Vetch annual above-ground phosphorus content / (kg·hm^?2a^?1)	9.99±1.20	0
苕子细根的年碳输入量 Vetch fine root annual carbon content / (kg·hm^?2a^?1)	88.56±18.92	0
苕子细根的年氮输入量 Vetch fine root annual nitrogen content / (kg·hm^?2a^?1)	4.78±1.36	0
苕子细根的年磷输入量 Vetch fine root annual phosphorus content / (kg·hm^?2a^?1)	0.40±0.13	0
黏粒含量 Clay content (%)	31.32a	31.45a
粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	33.95a	26.41a
砂粒含量 Sand content (%)	34.75a	42.14a

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