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林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 19-25.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170203

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

三峡库区典型消落带土壤化学性质变化

程瑞梅1,2, 刘泽彬1,2, 肖文发1,2, 王娜1,2, 王晓荣1,3, 沈雅飞1,2   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京 100091;
    2. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心 南京 210037;
    3. 湖北省林业科学研究院 武汉 430075
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-06 修回日期:2016-10-10 出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2017-03-23
  • 基金资助:
    林业科技支撑计划(2015BAD07B040301,2011BAD38B04)。

Changes of Soil Chemical Properties in Typical Hydro-Fluctuation Belt of Three Gorges Reservoir

Cheng Ruimei1,2, Liu Zebin1,2, Xiao Wenfa1,2, Wang Na1,2, Wang Xiaorong1,3, Shen Yafei1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, CAF Beijing 100091;
    2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037;
    3. Hubei Forestry Academy Wuhan 430075
  • Received:2015-09-06 Revised:2016-10-10 Online:2017-02-25 Published:2017-03-23

摘要: [目的] 分析三峡库区消落带土壤化学性质,为深入揭示消落带水土环境变化及为植被恢复与物种筛选提供科学依据。[方法] 在三峡库区典型消落带设置固定监测样地,通过2008年(未水淹)和2012年(经历4次水位涨落)的监测,研究库区典型消落带土壤化学元素的变化特征。[结果] 相比2008年,2012年消落带各土层pH均显著增加(P<0.05),pH趋于中性;与2008年未水淹相比,2012年消落带不同土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别降低36.9%~53.3%,12.0%~23.5%,42.0%~52.3%,39.7%~43.8%,12.3%~17.5%,78.5%~91.4%和41.1%~57.9%,其中氮素下降幅度相对较小,而磷素下降幅度最大;经过4次水位涨落后,消落带土壤养分处于十分贫瘠的状态,以钾元素最为明显;土壤金属元素在受水位涨落后均增加,2012年消落带全镁和全钠含量上升幅度最大,与2008年消落带全镁和全钠含量相比差异显著(P<0.05);2012年消落带全钙含量虽有上升,但与2008年相比差异不显著。[结论] 随着库区长期的水位涨落,消落带土壤养分匮乏和水体富营养化问题将突显,对于消落带土壤化学性质变化仍需长期监测。

关键词: 三峡库区, 消落带, 水位涨落, 土壤pH, 土壤有机质, 土壤全量养分, 土壤速效养分, 土壤金属元素

Abstract: [Objective] Through the analysis of soil chemical properties in hydro-fluctuation belt without flooding and after four times of water level fluctuation in the Three Gorges Reservoir, we hope to provide a scientific basis for revealing the changes in water and soil conditions and for vegetation restoration.[Method] Permanent sample plots were established in typical hydro-fluctuation belt of Three Gorges Reservoir and were monitored in 2008 (without flooding) and 2012 (after four times of water level fluctuation) to study the changing characteristics of soil chemical elements.[Result] The results showed that the pH of different soil layers in 2012 increased significantly as compared to 2008, and tended to be neutral. As compared to 2008, the contents of soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P and available K in different soil layers decreased by 36.9%-53.3%, 12.0%-23.5%, 42.0%-52.3%, 39.7%-43.8%, 12.3%-17.5%, 78.5%-91.4%,and 41.1%-57.9%, respectively. Among them the decrease of N content was relatively smaller and the decrease of P content was the largest. The soil nutrients were in a very poor condition after four times of water level fluctuation, and the change of K content was the most obvious. The soil metal elements were all increased due to the impacts by the water level fluctuation, and in 2012 the largest increases were found in the total Mg and the total Na which were significantly different from those in 2008. The total Ca was somehow increased, but not different significantly from that in 2008.[Conclusion] With the long-time water level fluctuation of the reservoir, the problem of soil depletion and water eutrophication will gradually become more apparent, and a long-time monitoring of the changes of soil chemical properties in this area is needed.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir, hydro-fluctuation belt, water level fluctuation, soil pH, soil organic matter, soil total nutrients, soil available nutrients, soil metallic elements

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