四川巴中地区生态源地识别及生态安全格局构建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 综合分析四川巴中地区多项生态指标，识别高质量生态源地，优化与修复生态廊道的结构和功能，并构建区域生态安全格局，为进一步保障巴中地区生物流动、维持大巴山脉生物多样性和生态平衡提供科学依据。方法: 选取区域生态系统服务重要性、生态敏感性、景观连通性等指标，筛选确定巴中地区的生态源地；基于Linkage Pathways、Pinchpoint Mapper和Barrier Mapper等方法，测算生态阻力面，识别区域生态廊道和生态节点，构建巴中地区生态安全格局。结果: 巴中地区整体生态系统服务水平较高，总体北部高于南部，生态系统服务极度重要和高度重要的区域面积分别为2 147.13和2 607.24 km²，主要分布于南江县、通江县和平昌县。全区识别确定出23个生态源地，总面积2 484 km²，占总面积的20%，主要集中于北部地区；识别出61条生态廊道，总长度2 459 km，其中关键廊道23条、一般廊道38条；识别确定生态网络中极重要生态保护区7 742 hm²，一级生态障碍修复区5 029 hm²，生态断裂点 65个，其是巴中生态系统中需要重点保护和修复的区域。结论: 明确巴中地区生态网络功能关键保护区和修复区，其在林地及山地、耕地、高密度建成区和河流湖泊4种生态系统类型中均有分布。提出的巴中“一屏二带三分区”的生态安全格局构建策略，框架层次清晰，保护和修复区重点突出。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 生态源地, 生态系统服务, 生态敏感性, 生态廊道

Abstract:

Objective: Through a comprehensive analysis of multiple ecological indicators, this study constructed a regional ecological security pattern in Bazhong, Sichuan Province by identifying key ecological sources and optimizing ecological corridors. The findings offer a scientific foundation for facilitating biological movement and sustaining biodiversity and ecological equilibrium in the Daba Mountains. Method: Those indicators, such as theimportance of regional ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity, were chosen for determining the ecological source areas in Bazhong. Based on methods such as Linkage Pathways, Pinchpoint Mapper, and Barrier Mapper, the ecological niche resistance surface was calculated, the regional ecological corridors and nodes were identified, and the ecological security pattern of Bazhong was constructed. Result: The overall level of ecosystem services in Bazhong was relatively high, with higher levels in the north than in the south. The areas of high and extremely important ecosystem services were 2 147.13 and 2 607.24 km², respectively, mainly distributed in Nanjiang county, Tongjiang county, and Pingchang county. A total of 23 ecological source areas were identified in the entire region, with a total area of 2 484 km², accounting for 20% of the total area, mainly concentrated in the northern region. A total of 61 ecological corridors were identified, with a total length of 2 459 km, including 23 critical corridors and 38 general corridors. A total of 7 742 hm² of extremely important ecological protection areas were identified and determined, with 5 029 hm² of first level ecological barrier restoration areas, and 65 ecological fault points in the ecological network, which are key areas that need to be protected and restored in Bazhong ecosystem. Conclusion: The key conservation and restoration areas in Bazhong’s ecological network, which span four ecosystem types “forestland & mountains, cropland, high-density built-up areas, and rivers & lakes” are explicitly delineated. The proposed “One Screen, Two Belts, Three Zones” strategy for constructing the ecological security pattern presents a well-defined framework that clearly highlights these conservation and restoration priorities.

Key words: ecological security pattern, ecological source area, ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, ecological corridors

中图分类号:

S718

叶洁楠,黄亦周,贾舒皓,张婷. 四川巴中地区生态源地识别及生态安全格局构建[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(11): 56-69.

Jienan Ye,Yizhou Huang,Shuhao Jia,Ting Zhang. Identification of Ecological Sources and Construction of an Ecological Security Pattern in Bazhong, Sichuan Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(11): 56-69.

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指标Index	因子Factor	敏感性等级赋值 Sensitivity level assignment
指标Index	因子Factor	1：一般敏感 Generally sensitive	2：较敏感 Fairly sensitive	3：中度敏感 Moderately sensitive	4：高度敏感 Highly sensitive	5：极度敏感 Extremely sensitive
地质敏感性 Geological sensitivity	坡度Slope/（°）	0~9.85	9.86~17.44	17.45~25.26	25.27~34.63	34.64~74.50
	坡向 Aspect	平地或正南 Flat or south	东南或西南 Southeast or southwest	正东或正西 East or west	东北或西北 Northeast or northwest	正北 North
	高程 Elevation/m	0~578	579~833	834~1 135	1 136~1 522	1 523~2 490
	地形起伏度 Topographic relief	0~94	95~149	150~207	208~282	283~659

自然资源敏感性 Natural resource sensitivity	距河流的距离 Distance from river/m	≥1 001	801~1 000	601~800	401~600	200~400
	距湖泊的距离 Distance from lake/m	≥8 001	6 001~8 000	4 001~6 000	2 001~4 000	0~2 000
	土地利用类型 Land use type	建设用地 Built-up land	未利用地 Unused land	耕地 Cropland	水域和草地 Water and grassland	林地 Forest land
	植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage	0~0.30	0.31~0.47	0.48~0.57	0.58~0.64	0.65~0.89

人活动敏感性 Sensitivity to human activities	人口密度 Population density/km^?2	5 641~18 748	1 902~5 640	525~1 901	146~524	0~145
	夜间灯光指数 Nighttime light index	15.23~23.52	9.88~15.22	5.91~9.87	2.77~5.90	0~2.76
	距道路的距离 Distance from road/m	0~100	101~200	201~300	301~400	≥401

阻力因子 Resistance factor	阻力值Resistance value					权重 Weight	参考文献 References
阻力因子 Resistance factor	1	2	3	4	5	权重 Weight	参考文献 References
土地利用类型 Land use type	林地 Forest land	耕地和草地 Cropland and grassland	水域 Water	未利用地 Unused land	建设用地 Built-up land	0.303 8	Guo et al.，2025
高程Elevation/m	0~578	579~833	834~1 135	1 136~1 522	1 523~2 490	0.145 8	Zhang et al.，2024
坡度Slope/（°）	0~9.85	9.86~17.44	17.45~25.26	25.27~34.64	34.65~74.50	0.145 8	弓灏洁等，2023
距道路的距离 Distance from road/m	401~2 000	301~400	201~300	101~200	0~100	0.072 8	晁云舒等，2023
距河流的距离 Distance from river/m	0~2 000	2 001~4 000	4 001~6 000	6 001~8 000	≥8 001	0.092 1	杨学龙等，2023
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage	0.65~0.89	0.58~0.64	0.48~0.57	0.32~0.47	0~0.31	0.239 8	刘瑞宽等，2023

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