北京喇叭沟门天然落叶阔叶林生态系统净碳交换及其对主要环境因子的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240520

林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 74-86.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240520

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

北京喇叭沟门天然落叶阔叶林生态系统净碳交换及其对主要环境因子的响应

马茹月^1,²,王瑞福³,李鑫豪^1,²,高永龙⁴,苏同³,魏晓帅^1,²,田赟^1,^2,*(),刘鹏^1,²,查天山^1,²

1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院　北京 100083
2. 北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室　北京 100083
3. 怀柔区营林造林管护中心　北京 101499
4. 北京市园林绿化规划和资源监测中心(北京市林业碳汇与国际合作事务中心)　北京 101118

收稿日期:2024-09-05 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-05
通讯作者: 田赟 E-mail:tianyun@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31901366，32101588，32071842)；北京园林绿化生态系统监测网络新建站数据管理项目(GJH-2024-015)

Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange and Its Response to Main Environmental Factors in a Natural Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Ecosystem in Labagoumen, Beijing

Ruyue Ma^1,²,Ruifu Wang³,Xinhao Li^1,²,Yonglong Gao⁴,Tong Su³,Xiaoshuai Wei^1,²,Yun Tian^1,^2,*(),Peng Liu^1,²,Tianshan Zha^1,²

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083
2. Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083
3. Forestation Management Center of Huairou District　Beijing 101499
4. Beijing Forestry and Parks Planning and Resource Monitoring Center (Beijing Forestry Carbon and International Cooperation Affairs Center)　Beijing 101118

Received:2024-09-05 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-05
Contact: Yun Tian E-mail:tianyun@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 量化温带天然落叶阔叶林生态系统净碳交换量，探究净碳交换在日和季节尺度上对环境的响应，为温带天然落叶阔叶林生态系统碳循环模型构建和精准估算提供科学依据。方法: 以北京怀柔区喇叭沟门典型白桦?山杨天然落叶阔叶林生态系统为研究对象，采用涡度相关法测定该生态系统净碳交换量和相关环境因子，基于小波分析等方法定量分析日和季节尺度生态系统净碳交换量与环境因子的时滞关系及其主要影响因子。结果: 1）北京喇叭沟门白桦?山杨天然落叶阔叶林生态系统2022年生态系统总生产力、生态系统呼吸量和生态系统净碳交换量分别为1 330、930和?400 g·m^?2a^?1。2）在日尺度上，生态系统呼吸量的主要影响因子为空气温度，时滞时间为2.82 h，生态系统总生产力和生态系统净碳交换量主要受光合有效辐射影响，且与光合有效辐射同步变化，光合有效辐射主要通过生态系统总生产力影响生态系统净碳交换量。3）在季节尺度上，光合有效辐射是生态系统净碳交换量的主要影响因子，时滞时间为14.2天，虽然降雨量是影响生态系统呼吸量和生态系统总生产力变化的主要因子，但由于生态系统呼吸量和生态系统总生产力对降雨量响应的一致性，相互抵消后使得降雨量对生态系统净碳交换量的影响较小。结论: 因深山易受云雾遮挡，相较空气温度，白桦?山杨天然落叶阔叶林生态系统净碳交换量在日和季节尺度上对光合有效辐射的响应更敏感，但其响应机制存在差异。

关键词: 净碳交换, 碳汇, 环境因子, 落叶阔叶林, 小波分析

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to quantify the net carbon exchange of a temperate natural deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem, and investigate its responses to environmental factors at daily and seasonal scales, so as to provide a scientific basis for constructing carbon cycle prediction models and accurately estimating net ecosystem carbon exchange. Method: The typical natural deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem of Betula platyphylla–Populus davidiana in Labagoumen, Huairou District, Beijing was taken as the research object. The eddy-covariance technique was used to determine net ecosystem carbon exchange and relevant environmental factors in 2022. Wavelet analysis and other methods were adopted to explore the time lag and the main driving factors between net ecosystem carbon exchange and environmental factors at daily and seasonal scales. Result: 1) The cumulative annual gross ecosystem productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem carbon exchange of B. platyphylla–P. davidiana natural forest ecosystem in Labagoumen, Beijing in 2022 were 1330, 930, and ?400 g·m^?2a^?1, respectively. 2) At the daily scale, the main influencing factor of ecosystem respiration was air temperature, with a delay time of 2.82 hours. The gross productivity and net carbon exchange of the ecosystem were mainly affected by photosynthetically active radiation and varied synchronously with photosynthetically active radiation. The results indicated that photosynthetically active radiation affected net ecosystem carbon exchange by primarily influencing gross ecosystem productivity. 3) At the seasonal scale, photosynthetically active radiation was the main influencing factor of net ecosystem carbon exchange with a time lag of 14.2 days. Although precipitation was the main factor affecting the change of ecosystem respiration and gross ecosystem productivity, the similar responses of ecosystem respiration and gross ecosystem productivity to precipitation resulted in a negligible correlation between net ecosystem carbon exchange and precipitation. Conclusion: The net carbon exchange in the B. platyphylla–P. davidiana natural forest ecosystem is more sensitive to photosynthetically active radiation at both daily and seasonal scales compared to air temperature, probably due to the susceptibility of remote mountains to cloud shading.

Key words: net ecosystem carbon exchange, carbon sink, environmental factor, deciduous broad-leaved forest, wavelet analysis

中图分类号:

S718.43

马茹月,王瑞福,李鑫豪,高永龙,苏同,魏晓帅,田赟,刘鹏,查天山. 北京喇叭沟门天然落叶阔叶林生态系统净碳交换及其对主要环境因子的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(10): 74-86.

Ruyue Ma,Ruifu Wang,Xinhao Li,Yonglong Gao,Tong Su,Xiaoshuai Wei,Yun Tian,Peng Liu,Tianshan Zha. Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange and Its Response to Main Environmental Factors in a Natural Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Ecosystem in Labagoumen, Beijing[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(10): 74-86.

图/表 10

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表3

研究区全年生态系统净碳交换量、生态系统总生产力、生态系统呼吸量与其他森林生态系统的比较①"

站点 Site	气候类型 Climate type	植被类型 Vegetation type	NEE	GEP	R_e	参考文献 Reference
北京喇叭沟门 Labagoumen, Beijing	温带大陆性季风气候 Temperate continental monsoon climate	落叶阔叶林（混交林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (mixed forest)	?400	1330	930
北京松山 Songshan, Beijing	温带大陆性季风气候 Temperate continental monsoon climate	落叶阔叶林（混交林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (mixed forest)	?111	—	—	李润东等，2020
北京八达岭 Badaling, Beijing	温带大陆性季风气候 Temperate continental monsoon climate	针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	256	694	950	唐祥等，2013
北京密云 Miyun, Beijing	温带大陆性季风气候 Temperate continental monsoon climate	针叶林（纯林） Coniferous forest (pure forest)	?24	315	291	李鑫豪等，2023
黑龙江帽儿山 Maoershan, Heilongjiang	温带湿润季风气候 Temperate humid monsoon climate	针叶林（纯林） Coniferous forest (pure forest)	?263	981	718	邱岭等，2011
美国密苏里州 Missouri, USA	温带大陆性气候 Temperate continental climate	落叶阔叶林（混交林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (mixed forest)	?479	1125	646	Shao et al.，2014
日本北海道 Hokkaido, Japan	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	落叶阔叶林（混交林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (mixed forest)	?375	—	—	Yamanoi et al.，2015
澳大利亚新南威尔士州 New South Wales, Australia	温带海洋性气候 Temperate maritime climate	常绿阔叶林（纯林） Evergreen broad-leaved forest (pure forest)	?584	—	—	Gorsel et al.，2013
比利时 Belgium	温带海洋性气候 Temperate maritime climate	针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	?112	—	—	Arnaud et al.，2003
加拿大安大略省 Ontario, Canada	温带大陆性气候 Temperate continental climate	落叶阔叶林（纯林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (pure forest)	?177	1373	1196	Dunn et al.，2007
重庆缙云山 Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing	亚热带湿润季风气候 Subtropical humid monsoon climate	针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	?565	1762	1197	王倩等，2019
美国北卡罗莱纳州 North Carolina, USA	亚热带湿润季风气候 Subtropical humid monsoon climate	落叶阔叶林（混交林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (mixed forest)	?402	—	—	Novick et al.，2015
湖南岳阳君山区 Junshan, Yueyang, Hunan	亚热带湿润季风气候 Subtropical humid monsoon climate	落叶阔叶林（纯林） Deciduous broad-leaved forest (pure forest)	?579	—	—	魏远等，2010
广西壮族自治区 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest	?121	209	330	李子涵等，2020
浙江安吉 Anji, Zhejiang	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	常绿阔叶林（纯林） Evergreen broad-leaf forest (pure forest)	?668	933	1601	孙成等，2013
湖南会同 Huitong, Hunan	中亚热带湿润季风气候 Central subtropical humid monsoon climate	针叶林（纯林） Coniferous forest (pure forest)	?255	958	1213	赵仲辉等，2011
浙江天目山 Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest	?738	1669	931	牛晓栋等，2016

表3

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监测系统 Monitoring system	仪器名称 Name of instrument	仪器型号Product type	观测参数 Observation parameter	安装高度Height of installation
涡度相关系统 Eddy covariance system	三维超声风速仪 Three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer	GILL-WMP	三维风速、风向和超声温度等 Three-dimensional wind speed， winddirection and ultrasonic temperature	20 m
涡度相关系统 Eddy covariance system	CO₂/H₂O分析仪 CO₂/H₂O analysis meter	LI-7500DS	CO₂/H₂O浓度 CO₂/H₂O concentration	20 m
微气象观测系统 Micrometeorological observation system	空气温湿度传感器 Temperature and humidity sensor	HMP155A	空气温、湿度 Air temperature and air humidity	20 m、1.5 m
	风速风向传感器 Wind speed and direction sensor	034B	风速、风向 Wind speed and direction	20 m、1.5 m
	降雨量传感器 Rain gauge	TE525	降雨量 Precipitation	20 m、1.5 m
	光合有效辐射传感器 Photosynthetically active radiation sensor	LI-190R	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation	20 m、1.5 m
	土壤水分和温度传感器 Soil moisture and temperature sensor	TEROS11	土壤水分、土壤温度 Soil moisture and temperature	?10 cm

时间尺度 Time scale	碳通量组分 Carbon fluxes	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation	空气温度 Air temperature	土壤温度 Soil temperature	降雨量 Precipitation	土壤水分含量 Soil water content	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit
日尺度 Daily scale	生态系统净碳交换量 Net ecosystem carbon exchange	0.16 (0.02)	6.71 (6.40)	6.43 (3.72)	—	—	9.26 (4.60)
	生态系统总生产力 Gross ecosystem productivity	0.12 (1.27)	10.29 (12.07)	8.63 (7.01)	—	—	13.85 (20.34)
	生态系统呼吸量 Ecosystem respiration	13.41 (16.23)	2.82 (4.86)	20.96 (23.34)	—	—	5.64 (8.31)

季节尺度 Seasonal scale	生态系统净碳交换量 Net ecosystem carbon exchange	14.24 (15.66)	—	—	—	40.91 (36.57)	19.85 (25.36)
	生态系统总生产力 Gross ecosystem productivity	18.49 (16.51)	—	—	16.83 (18.39)	—	24.83 (30.96)
	生态系统呼吸量 Ecosystem respiration	15.92 (18.64)	—	—	10.52 (9.26)	—	40.31 (45.88)

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北京喇叭沟门天然落叶阔叶林生态系统净碳交换及其对主要环境因子的响应

Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange and Its Response to Main Environmental Factors in a Natural Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Ecosystem in Labagoumen, Beijing

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