塞罕坝不同林龄华北落叶松人工林林下植物叶解剖特征及其氮添加响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230571

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 人工林林下植物在维持人工林群落结构和功能方面具有重要作用，研究林下植物形态结构随氮添加的变化，深入理解林下植物对环境变化的响应与适应机制。方法: 采用植物制片技术，比较塞罕坝人工林基地不同林龄（幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林）华北落叶松样地优势林下植物叶解剖特征的可塑性及其对不同氮添加处理（0、20、50 kg·hm^?2a^?1）的响应，并探讨不同氮添加处理条件下林下植物叶解剖特征之间的相关关系。结果: 1）林下植物不同叶解剖特征的可塑性指数具有一定规律，栅栏组织厚度、下表皮厚度等相对稳定，海绵组织厚度较为敏感。2）氮添加对林下植物9个叶解剖特征均无显著影响（P>0.05），但对各叶解剖特征间的相关关系多存在显著影响；相比低氮添加，高氮添加可增强叶片厚度相关指标间的关系、削弱维管组织相关指标间的关系。3）幼龄林林下植物叶解剖特征基础数值显著高于中龄林和近熟林，中龄林和近熟林林下植物各叶解剖特征差异不明显；幼龄林林下植物叶片厚度相关指标受氮添加促进，维管组织相关指标表现出受抑制效果；近熟林与幼龄林相反，叶片厚度相关指标受氮添加抑制，维管组织相关指标受氮添加促进；中龄林林下植物叶解剖特征对氮添加的响应程度最高且多为正响应。结论: 不同林龄华北落叶松样地林下植物的叶片厚度相关指标和维管组织相关指标对外源氮添加可能采取不同适应策略，在解读植物响应适应机制时需针对不同情况予以区分考虑。

关键词: 叶解剖特征, 氮添加, 华北落叶松, 人工林, 林龄, 林下植物

Abstract:

Objective: Understory plants play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of plantation communities. Studying the changes in the anatomical structure of understory plants with nitrogen addition would help to understand the response and adaptation mechanism of understory plants to environmental changes. Method: In the present study, plant microtome technology was used to compare the leaf anatomical characteristics of dominant understory species and their plasticity in a chronosequence of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation (juvenile forest, immature forest and near-mature forest) in Saihanba and their responses to nitrogen addition (0, 20, and 50 kg·hm^?2a^?1). The changes in the correlation between the anatomical characteristics of understory plants under different nitrogen treatments were examined. Result: 1) There was a certain regularity in the plasticity index of different leaf anatomical characteristics. The thickness of palisade tissue and lower epidermis was relatively stable, while the thickness of spongy tissue was more sensitive. 2) Nitrogen addition had no significant effect on 9 anatomical characteristics of understory plants (P>0.05), but significantly affected the correlations between the anatomical characteristics. Compared with low nitrogen addition, high nitrogen addition enhanced the relationship between leaf thickness related indexes, but weakened the relationship between vascular tissue related indexes. 3) The basic values of leaf anatomical characteristics of understory plants in the juvenile forest were significantly higher than those in the middle-aged forests and the near-mature forests, while there was no significant difference in the basic values between the middle-aged and near-mature forests. The leaf thickness related indexes of understory plants in young stands were promoted by nitrogen addition, while vascular tissue related indexes were inhibited. In contrast to the juvenile forest, leaf thickness related indexes in the near-mature forests were inhibited by nitrogen addition, while the vascular tissue related indexes were promoted. Leaf anatomical characteristics of understory plants in middle-aged stands had the highest response to nitrogen addition and most of them responded positively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the leaf thickness and vascular tissue of understory plants at different age plots may adopt different strategies to adapt to nitrogen fertilizer, which should be considered according to different situations when interpreting the response and adaptation mechanisms of plants.

Key words: leaf anatomical traits, nitrogen addition, Larix principis-rupprechtii, plantation, stand age, understory plants

中图分类号:

Q944.52

张孝琰,倪晓凤,蔡琼,吉成均. 塞罕坝不同林龄华北落叶松人工林林下植物叶解剖特征及其氮添加响应[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 37-46.

Xiaoyan Zhang,Xiaofeng Ni,Qiong Cai,Chengjun Ji. Leaf Anatomical Traits of Understory Plants and Their Response to Nitrogen Addition in a Chronosequence of Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantations in Saihanba, Hebei Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(1): 37-46.

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林龄Forest age	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Height/m	林分密度 Stand density/(tree·hm^?2)	土壤碳氮比 Soil C: N	土壤pH Soil pH
15年幼龄林 15 years juvenile forest	4.7±0.1c	3.9±0.1c	2 640±157b	10.3±0.2b	6.2±0.2b
25年中龄林 25 years immature forest	11.9±0.2b	9.2±0.1b	3 060±132a	11.7±0.3a	6.5±0.0a
50年近熟林 50 years near-mature forest	21.0±0.3a	16.9±0.2a	870±48c	13.2±0.9a	6.3±0.2ab

物种 Species	科名 Family name	生活型 Life form	分布 Distribution
叉分蓼Polygonum divaricatum	蓼科Polygonaceae	草本Herbs	幼龄林 Juvenile forests
地榆Sanguisorba officinalis	蔷薇科Rosaceae	草本Herbs	幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林 Juvenile, immature and near-mature forests
风毛菊Saussurea japonica	菊科Compositae	草本Herbs	幼龄林 Juvenile forests
龙芽草Agrimonia pilosa	蔷薇科Rosaceae	草本Herbs	幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林 Juvenile, immature and near-mature forests
鸦葱Scorzonera austriaca	菊科Compositae	草本Herbs	幼龄林 Juvenile forests
老鹳草Geranium wilfordii	牻牛儿苗科Geraniaceae	草本Herbs	中龄林、近熟林 Immature and near-mature forests
珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum	蓼科Polygonaceae	草本Herbs	中龄林 Immature forests
毛连菜Picris hieracioides	菊科Compositae	草本Herbs	中龄林、近熟林 Immature and near-mature forests
茶藨子Ribes nigrum	虎耳草科Saxifragaceae	灌木Shrubs	近熟林 Near-mature forests
山刺玫Rosa davurica	蔷薇科Rosaceae	灌木Shrubs	近熟林 Near-mature forests

F	LT	UET	LET	PMT	SMT	MT	VBD	VD	MVD
林龄Forest age	0.992	0.935	0.927	0.990	0.986	0.942	0.982	0.971	0.975
氮添加Nitrogen addition	0.121	0.046	0.092	0.071	0.140	0.062	0.911	0.804	0.252

F	LT	UET	LET	PMT	SMT	MT	VBD	VD
LT
UET	28.96^**
LET	7.41^**	99.41^**
PMT	328.32^**	29.47^**	10.47^**
SMT	3 173.75^**	39.07^**	15.67^**	18.02^**
MT	0.16	9.81^**	4.07^*	21.46^**	24.97^**
VBD	7.82^**	8.51^**	7.07^**	28.79^**	1.73	4.93^*
VD	3.16^*	0.68	2.22	1.50	9.28^**	39.57^**	1.36
MVD	2.93^*	1.55	3.26^*	6.86^**	3.48^*	1.93	15.29^**	2 253.11^**

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