毛棉杜鹃根际与非根际土壤微生物群落多样性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过研究深圳梧桐山毛棉杜鹃土壤理化性质、根际与非根际土壤微生物群落特征，为探究毛棉杜鹃根际土壤微生态提供理论依据。方法: 以毛棉杜鹃根际(R)与非根际(NR)土壤为研究对象，测定其土壤理化指标，同时利用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌、真菌群落特征。结果: 1) 根际与非根际土壤均为微酸性，且根际明显低于非根际(P < 0.05)，根际土壤速效磷显著高于非根际土壤(P < 0.05)，根际土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮等均高于非根际土壤，但无显著性差异。2) 根际细菌分别注释到23门291种，非根际注释到25门305种；而根际真菌注释到8门520种，非根际真菌注释到8门，518种。3) 根际与非根际优势细菌门均为酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门等。土壤优势真菌均为子囊菌门、担子菌门以及被孢菌门等。毛棉杜鹃根际与非根际优势细菌目，主要为Subgroup_2、酸杆菌目、Solibacterales、根瘤菌目等。根际与非根际优势真菌目主要是散囊菌目、肉座菌目、蜡壳耳目等。4) 丰富度指数及多样性指数结果表明：根际与非根际细菌、真菌无显著性差异，而β多样性分析则表明，根际与非根际在土壤细菌以及真菌群落结构多样性上均存在显著差异。5) 基于FUNGuild功能预测分析结果显示根际与非根际真菌功能主要为共生营养型(23.57%~33.44%)、腐生-共生营养型(6.48%~7.63%)、腐生营养型(19.84%~22.77%)、病理-共生营养型(0.76%~0.79%)、病理-腐生-共生营养型(0.25%~0.34%)、病理-腐生营养型(33.83%~38.02%)和病理营养型(5.39%~6.86%)，且根际与非根际土壤均以病理-腐生营养型和共生营养型真菌为主。结论: 梧桐山毛棉杜鹃根际与非根际均为微酸性。根际与非根际在优势微生物种类上无差异，优势细菌均为酸杆菌门、变形菌门等，优势真菌均为子囊菌门、担子菌门等。根际与非根际在真菌功能结构上有差异，主要是根际共生型真菌远高于非根际。

关键词: 毛棉杜鹃, 土壤理化性质, 土壤微生物多样性, 共生营养型

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to study the spatial structure of soil microbial communities and the physicochemical properties of soil in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere of Rhododendron moulmainense in Shenzhen Wutong Mountain, so as to provide theoretical support for the further study of the rhizosphere microecology of R. moulmainense. Method: The rhizosphere (R) and non rhizosphere (NR) soil of R. moulmainense were used as the research object, the soil physical and chemical indexes were measured, and the community characteristics of soil bacteria and fungi were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results: The pH of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil was slightly acidic, and the rhizosphere had significantly lower pH than non-rhizosphere (P < 0.05). The available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil (P < 0.05).The organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil, but there was no significant difference. A total of 23 phyla and 291 species of rhizosphere bacteria and 25 phyla and 305 species of non-rhizosphere bacteria were annotated respectively. The rhizosphere fungi were annotated to 8 phyla and 520 species, and the non rhizosphere fungi were annotated to 8 phyla and 518 species. The dominant bacteria in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere were Acidobacteria, Protecbacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, etc. The dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere dominant bacteria of R. moulmainense were mainly subgroup_2, Acidobacteriales, solidobacterales, rhizobiales, etc. The dominant fungi in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere were mainly Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Sebacinales, etc.There was no difference in the diversity index of bacteria and fungi between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, while Beta diversity analysis showed that there were differences in the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal community structure between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. The results of functional prediction analysis based on FUNGuild showed that the functions of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere fungi were mainly Symbiotroph trophic(23.57%~33.44%), Saprotroph-Symbiotroph trophic(6.48%~7.63%), Saprotroph(19.84%~22.77%), Pathotroph-Symbiotroph trophic(0.76%~0.79%), Pathotroph-Saprotroph-Symbiotroph trophic(0.25%~0.34%), Pathotroph-Saprotroph(33.83%~38.02%)and Pathotroph trophic(5.39%~6.86%). Both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were dominated by pathological saprophytic and symbiotic vegetative fungi. Conclusion: The rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils are slightly acidic. There is no significant difference in the species of dominant microorganisms between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere.The dominant bacteria are Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the dominant fungi are Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. There are differences in fungal functional structure between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, mainly because rhizosphere symbiotic fungi are much higher than non-rhizosphere fungi.

Key words: Rhododendron moulmainense, physicochemical properties of soil, Soil microbial diversity, Symbiotic trophic type

中图分类号:

彭金根,龚金玉,范玉海,张华,张银凤,白宇清,王艳梅,谢利娟. 毛棉杜鹃根际与非根际土壤微生物群落多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(2): 89-99.

Jingen Peng,Jinyu Gong,Yuhai Fan,Hua Zhang,Yinfeng Zhang,Yuqing Bai,Yanmei Wang,Lijuan Xie. Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere of Rhododendron moulmainense[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(2): 89-99.

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样地位置 Plot	树龄 Tree age/a	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡向 Aspect	海拔 Altitude/m	经纬度 Longitude and latitude
万花屏 Wanhuaping	36	32	东北 Eastnorth	523	114°11′53″E, 22°34′31″N
小梧桐 Xiaowutong	36	22	西北 Westnorth	608	114°11′29″E, 22°34′23″N
山顶管理处 Peak Management Office	36	26	西北 Westnorth	597	114°11′28″E, 22°34′15″N

土壤类型 Soil style	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	pH	有机质 Organic carbon/(g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 AN/(mg·kg^-1)	全磷 TP/(g·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP/(mg·kg^-1)	全钾 TK/(g·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK/(mg·kg^-1)
根际 R	24.31±4.50a	4.34±0.27b	15.60±5.34a	2.24±0.93a	125.22±36.70a	0.61±0.16a	49.98±18.90a	11.84±2.82a	17.87±3.88b
非根际 NR	24.74±3.94a	4.81±0.33a	14.78±5.00a	2.12±0.89a	122.31±37.15a	0.57±0.08a	30.07±14.85b	12.28±1.40a	29.43±3.10a

微生物 Microbial	土壤类型 Soil style	OTU数目 OTUs	ACE指数 ACE	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
细菌 Bacteria	R	1 170.00±74.59a	1 254.71±75.81a	1 278.33±72.33a	0.99±0.00a	8.10±0.10a
细菌 Bacteria	NR	1 262.33±103.24a	1 325.70±110.93a	1 351.74±112.48a	0.99±0.00a	8.25±0.19a
真菌 Fungi	R	1 100.33±11.59a	1 118.58±16.50a	1 131.52±26.19a	0.95±0.01a	6.66±0.13a
真菌 Fungi	NR	1 103.33±7.77a	1 115.22±8.89a	1 122.65±8.94a	0.95±0.00a	6.85±0.02a

微生物 Microbial	土壤类型 Soil style	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
细菌 Bacteria	R	23	64	125	188	277	291
细菌 Bacteria	NR	25	69	134	201	291	305
真菌 Fungi	R	8	29	77	180	352	520
真菌 Fungi	NR	8	29	77	180	353	518

营养类型 Trophic Mode	主要OTU序列 The main OTU ID	丰度 Abundance(%)		根际/非根际 R/NR
营养类型 Trophic Mode	主要OTU序列 The main OTU ID	根际 R	非根际 NR	根际/非根际 R/NR
共生营养型 Symbiotroph	OTU7、OTU10、OTU22	33.44	23.57	1.42
腐生-共生营养型 Saprotroph-symbiotroph	OTU6、OTU8、OTU157	6.48	7.63	0.85
腐生营养型 Saprotroph	OTU117、OTU12、OTU28	19.84	22.77	0.87
病理-共生营养型 Pathotroph-symbiotroph	OTU267、OTU181、OTU1476	0.76	0.79	0.96
病理-腐生-共生营养型 Pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph	OTU190、OTU259、OTU378	0.25	0.34	0.74
病理-腐生营养型 Pathotroph-saprotroph	OTU199、OTU252、OTU588	33.83	38.02	0.89
病理营养型 Pathotroph	OTU11、OTU50、OTU51	5.39	6.86	0.79