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林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 22-34.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200403

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

南滚河自然保护区森林土壤酶活性对海拔升高的响应

任玉连1,陆梅1,*,曹乾斌1,李聪1,冯峻2,王志胜3   

  1. 1. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院 昆明 650224
    2. 云南省林木种苗工作总站 昆明 650215
    3. 云南南滚河国家级自然保护区沧源管理局 沧源 677499
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-22 出版日期:2020-04-25 发布日期:2020-05-26
  • 通讯作者: 陆梅
  • 基金资助:
    云南省应用基础研究面上项目(2013FB053);云南省高校优势特色重点学科(05000511311);西南林业大学科技创新(C17129)

Response of Forest Soil Enzyme Activities to Elevation in Nangunhe Natural Reserve

Yulian Ren1,Mei Lu1,*,Qianbin Cao1,Cong Li1,Jun Feng2,Zhisheng Wang3   

  1. 1. College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224
    2. Forest Seed and Seedling Station of Yunnan Province Kunming 650215
    3. National Nature Reserve Cangyuan Authority in Yunnan Nangunhe Cangyuan 677499
  • Received:2018-06-22 Online:2020-04-25 Published:2020-05-26
  • Contact: Mei Lu

摘要:

目的: 研究土壤酶活性对环境因子沿海拔梯度变化的响应,为理解南滚河国家级自然保护区不同海拔水热条件-植被-土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性之间的相互作用过程和机制提供数据支撑。方法: 选取南滚河国家级自然保护区3种不同海拔梯度典型植被带(沟谷雨林、半常绿季雨林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林),研究不同海拔不同土层森林土壤酶活性的变化特征,采用冗余分析和蒙特卡洛检验,分析环境因子沿海拔梯度变化对土壤酶活性的影响。结果: 年均降水量和Simpson指数随海拔升高呈增加趋势,而植物群落多样性(Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数)、年均气温和土壤温度随海拔升高呈下降趋势;土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及含水量随海拔升高呈上升趋势,土壤密度和pH随海拔升高呈降低趋势,土壤C/N随海拔升高呈先增后降趋势;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性随海拔升高呈增加趋势,土壤多酚氧化酶活性随海拔升高呈下降趋势;随土层深度增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性逐渐降低,过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增加;样地微气候、植被和土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度变化对土壤酶活性具有重要影响,年均气温、年均降水量、土壤温度、植物多样性指数和土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性不同程度地相关,单一环境因子对土壤酶活性影响的重要性排序为全磷含量>含水量> pH >有机碳含量>年均气温>土壤温度>水解性氮含量>年均降水量>全氮含量>全钾含量> Margalef丰富度指数>土壤密度>速效钾含量>有效磷含量> Shannon-Wiener多样性指数> Pielou均匀度指数> C/N > Simpson指数。结论: 水热条件(年均气温、年均降水量、土壤温度和含水量)、植物多样性和土壤化学性质(pH、有机碳、水解性氮、全氮、全钾和全磷)存在明显的梯度变化,可调控不同海拔梯度内的土壤酶活性,其中土壤磷、水分、pH、碳、氮和钾是调控土壤酶活性海拔响应的关键因素。

关键词: 海拔, 土壤酶活性, 环境因子, 冗余分析

Abstract:

Objective: The response of soil enzyme activity to the variation of environmental factors along elevation gradient was studied in order to provide a theoretical and data basis for the interaction process and mechanism between hydrothermal conditions-vegetation-soil physicochemical properties at different elevations and enzyme activity in Nangunhe National Nature Reserve. Methods: Three typical vegetation types (i.e. ravine rainforest, semi-evergreen monsoon forest, and mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest) of different elevations were investigated to study the characteristics of forest soil enzyme activities in different soil layers and at different elevations. Redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo test were used to analyze the effect of change in environmental factors along elevation gradients to soil enzyme activities. Results: We found that different changes along elevation gradients in the microclimate and plant diversity were significant (P < 0.05). Average annual precipitation and Simpson index increased, while the plant community diversity (i.e. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Palou index), average annual air temperature and soil temperature decreased significantly along the elevation gradients. The physicochemical properties in soil varied significantly with the elevation gradients (P < 0.05). Soil water content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased along the elevation. Whereas the density and pH in soil demonstrated decreasing trend, soil C/N ratio increased earlier and decreased later. Soil enzyme activities fluctuate significantly among the three elevation gradients (P < 0.05). The activity of urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and catalase in the soils increased, while soil polyphenol oxidase decreased. The activity of soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased, while soil catalase increased along the soil profile. The variation in environmental factors such as microclimate, vegetation and soil along the elevation had significant effects on soil enzyme activity. The average annual air temperature, average annual precipitation, soil temperature, plant diversity, and soil physico-chemical properties displayed correlations with soil enzyme activity to different degrees. The importance in the effects of environmental factors on soil enzyme activity was ranked as total phosphorus > water content > pH > organic carbon conlant > annual average temperature > soil temperature > available nitrogen conlant > annual precipitation > total nitrogen conlant > total potassium conlant > Margalef index > soil density > available potassium conlant > available phosphorus conlant > Shannon-Wiener index > Pielou index > soil C/N ratio > Simpson index. Conclusion: The change of elevation mainly results in the gradient changes of hydrothermal conditions (i.e. average annual temperature, average annual precipitation, soil temperature, and water content), plant diversity (i.e. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index) and soil chemical properties (i.e. pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus) varied significantly along the elevation gradients. These changes in environmental factors had a significant effect on the activity of soil enzyme. Soil phosphorus, water, pH, carbon, nitrogen, and potassium were the key factors controlling the response of soil enzyme activity to the elevation gradients.

Key words: elevation, soil enzyme activities, environmental factors, redundancy analysis

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