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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 111-118.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190712

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果不套袋栽培模式下梨小食心虫(鳞翅目:卷蛾科)发生动态及性迷向素的防治效果

翟浩, 王金政, 薛晓敏, 王来平, 陈汝, 聂佩显, 张勇   

  1. 山东省果树研究所 泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-25 修回日期:2018-06-14 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-08-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28);国家科技计划项目“苹果优质生产花果调控技术研究与示范”(2014BAD16B02-2);泰安市科学技术发展计划项目(2017NS0091)。

Population Dynamics of Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera: Tortrididae) and Control Effects by Sexual Pheromone in Apple Orchards with Non-Bagged-Fruit Cultivation Pattern

Zhai Hao, Wang Jinzheng, Xue Xiaomin, Wang Laiping, Chen Ru, Nie Peixian, Zhang Yong   

  1. Shandong Instiute of Pomology Tai'an 271000
  • Received:2017-12-25 Revised:2018-06-14 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-08-16

摘要: [目的]明确苹果不套袋栽培模式下梨小食心虫的发生动态、危害情况及性迷向素的防治效果,为不套袋苹果园中梨小食心虫的精准防控提供试验依据。[方法]通过性信息素诱芯监测烟台等3个地区不套袋栽培苹果园中梨小食心虫的发生动态,调查梨小食心虫蛀果率,分别研究在越冬代、第1代和第2代成虫羽化前期施放梨小食心虫性迷向素对梨小食心虫的防治效果。[结果]烟台、威海、泰安3个地区梨小食心虫成虫田间始发期为3月中下旬至4月上旬,发生末期均为10月上旬,共出现5个高峰,7-9月为群体数量高峰期;3个地区不套袋苹果园中性信息素诱芯对梨小食心虫的全年诱捕数量为每诱芯213~1837头,显著低于套袋苹果园(每诱芯729~3715头)(P<0.05),而不套袋苹果园的梨小食心虫蛀果率为3.38%~6.13%,显著高于套袋苹果园(0.13%~0.50%)(P<0.05)。在不套袋苹果园中,性迷向素在梨小食心虫越冬代、第1代和第2代成虫羽化前期施放对梨小食心虫雄成虫交配行为均具有显著干扰效果,迷向率为87.28%~99.80%,不同时期施放处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。第5代幼虫危害盛期(09-11-10-08)的蛀果率调查发现,性迷向素在第1代和第2代成虫羽化前期施放对梨小食心虫蛀果防治效果分别为92.89%和95.53%,显著高于越冬代羽化前施放(81.77%)(P<0.05)。[结论]烟台、威海、泰安3个地区梨小食心虫的发生动态趋势、成虫发蛾高峰期和持续时间在套袋和不套袋苹果园中差异不明显,但梨小食心虫在不套袋果园中的危害重于套袋果园。在不套袋栽培苹果园中使用性迷向素结合常规化学防治对梨小食心虫的防效显著高于单独常规药剂防治,其中在梨小食心虫第1代和第2代成虫羽化前期施放性迷向素对梨小食心虫的防治效果最佳。

关键词: 不套袋栽培模式, 苹果, 梨小食心虫, 发生动态, 性信息素

Abstract: [Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the population dynamics of Grapholitha molesta (Lepidotera; Tortricidae) and control effect by sexual pheromone on mating disruption of the pest in the apple orchards with the non-bagged-fruit cultivation pattern.[Method] The occurrence dynamics of G. molesta in the field and the rate of bored fruits in non-bagged-fruit cultivation orchards were monitored via sexual pheromone inducer in Yantai, Weihai and Tai'an respectively. According to the occurrence dynamics, the control effect of sexual pheromone was explored by releasing the sexual pheromone in eclosion prophase of the overwintering generation, the first generation and the second generation.[Result] The result showed that the adults of G. molesta in 2017 emerged from mid or late March to early April in Yantai, Weihai and Tai'an, and ended in early October. There were five obvious occurrence peaks, which were concentrated from July to September. The year-round number of G. molesta caught by sexual pheromone (ranging from 213 to 1837 insects per trap) in non-bagged apple orchards of three regions was significantly lower than that in bagged orchards (ranging from 729 to 3715 insects per trap) (P<0.05). However, the rate of bored fruits in non-bagged apple orchards (ranging from 3.38% to 6.13%) was significantly higher than that in bagged orchards (ranging from 0.13% to 0.50%) (P<0.05). In bagged apple orchards, sexual pheromone released in eclosion prophase of the overwintering generation, the first generation and the second generation all exhibited obvious disruption effect on the mating action of G. molesta male adults, however, the rates of mating disruption in different periods were significantly different (ranging from 87.28% to 99.80%) (P<0.05). In the larvae damaging peak of G. molesta (the fifth generation) from September 11 to October 8, the control effect of sex pheromone that was released before the first generation and the second generation eclosion (respectively being 92.89% and 95.53%) of Grapholitha molesta were significantly higher than that was released before the winter overwintering eclosion (81.77%) (P<0.05).[Conclusion] There was no significant difference in the occurrence dynamics, peak period of adults and duration between the bagged and non-bagged apple orchards in Yantai, Weihai and Tai'an, but the damage of G. molesta in non-bagged apple orchards was significantly more serious than that in bagged orchards. In non-bagged orchards, the combination of sex pheromone and chemical pesticide was more effective than single chemical pesticide, and the sex pheromone released before the first generation and the second generation eclosion of G. molesta obtained the best control effect.

Key words: The apple orchards with non-bagged-fruit cultivation pattern, Grapholitha molesta, population dynamics, sexual pheromone

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