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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 36-45.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190505

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同林龄杉木人工林土壤微生物群落代谢功能差异

王超群, 焦如珍, 董玉红, 厚凌宇, 赵京京, 赵世荣   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 林木遗传育种国家重点实验室 国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-06 修回日期:2018-11-29 出版日期:2019-05-25 发布日期:2019-05-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目"杉木高效培育技术研究"(2016YFD0600300)。

Differences in Metabolic Functions of Soil Microbial Communities of Chinese Fir Plantations of Different Ages

Wang Chaoqun, Jiao Ruzhen, Dong Yuhong, Hou Lingyu, Zhao Jingjing, Zhao Shirong   

  1. State Key Labratory of Tree Genetic and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry, CAF Beijing 100091
  • Received:2017-10-06 Revised:2018-11-29 Online:2019-05-25 Published:2019-05-20

摘要: [目的]研究不同林龄杉木人工林土壤理化性质以及微生物对碳源利用的差异,明确林龄对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,为杉木人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。[方法]在福建武夷山脉选择3、12和38年生的杉木人工林,采用Biolog-ECO法研究不同林龄杉木人工林表土层(0~20 cm)土壤微生物对碳源的利用特征,并对土壤微生物利用各类碳源的特性进行热图分析、主成分分析(PCA)和相关性分析,揭示利用碳源的差异及导致差异的主要影响因素。[结果]不同林龄杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、McIntosh多样性指数和McIntosh均匀度指数均随林龄的增加而增加。在96~168 h培养时间内,38年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性显著高于12年生和3年生(P<0.05)。38年生对酚酸类、胺类和氨基酸的利用强度较大,12年生对酚酸类、多聚物和氨基酸的利用强度较大,3年生对多聚物、羧酸和碳水化合物的利用强度较大,并且38年生土壤微生物群落代谢碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸和胺类的强度显著高于3年生,而12年生和3年生土壤微生物群落对6类碳源的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。热图分析结果表明:38年生和12年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落能够代谢31种碳源底物,而3年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落仅能代谢19种碳源底物。环境因子中,土壤pH、全氮、速效钾和碳氮比能够显著影响微生物群落的代谢功能。[结论]38年生杉木人工林表土层(0~20 cm)土壤微生物群落代谢活性和多样性最高,3年生最低,pH、全氮含量随林龄的增加而上升,碳氮比则随林龄增加而下降,因此林龄是驱动杉木人工林土壤生物学和非生物性质变化的重要因素。

关键词: 杉木人工林, Biolog-ECO, 土壤微生物, 代谢功能多样性

Abstract: [Objective] This paper aimed to study the differences in soil physical and chemical properties and utilization of carbon source by microbial communities, and the influences of stand age of Chinese fir plantationson soil microbial functional diversities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable management of Chinese fir plantation.[Method] The 3-, 12-and 38-year-old Chinese fir plantations were targeted in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province. Biolog-ECO method was used to study the characteristics of carbon utilization by soil microorganisms in the topsoil layer (0-20 cm) of Chinese fir plantations at different stand ages. The heatmap analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to reveal the differences in use of various carbon sources by microorganisms and the main influencing factors that cause differences.[Result] The results showed that the metabolic activity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J),Simpson diversity index (D), McIntosh Diversity Index (U) and McIntoshevenness index(E) all gradually increased with the increase of stand age. The metabolic activity of soil microbial community in 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation was significantly higher than that of 12-and 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation (P<0.05). And the utilization intensity of phenolic acids, amines and amino acids in 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher, that of phenolic acids, polymers and amino acids in 12-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher, and that of polyphenols, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates in 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher. In 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation, the utilization intensity of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids and amines was significantly higher than that in 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation, while there was no significant difference in the utilization intensity of the six types carbon sources by soil microbial communities between 12-year-old and 3-year-old (P>0.05). The results of heatmap analysis showed that soil microbial community of 38-and 12-year-old Chinese fir plantations could metabolize 31 kinds of carbon sources, while the soil microbial community of 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation could only metabolize 19 kinds of carbon sources. Among environmental factors, soil pH, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) had significant effects on the metabolic function of microbial communities.[Conclusion] The results showed that the soil microbial community of 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation had the highest metabolic activity and diversity, and the 3-year-old had the lowest among the three forest ages. The pH and total N content increased with the increase of forest age, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio decreased with the increase of forest age, indicating that the stand age was an important factor driving soil biotic and abiotic changes in Chinese fir plantations.

Key words: Chinese fir plantation, Biolog-ECO, soil microorganism, metabolic functional diversity

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