生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶材料研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种新型轻质多孔的功能性气凝胶，生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶具有独特的各向同性三维网络层级结构，该结构使生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶兼具气凝胶的高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度以及碳材料的耐热性、导电性和生物质材料的可降解性、生物相容性，是近年来纳米功能性材料领域的研究热点之一。生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶原材料来源广泛，包括木材、竹材、果蔬等植物及其加工物、海洋生物和细菌等。基于原料形态不同，本研究将生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶的制备方法归结为凝胶炭化法和生物质直接炭化法，并详细介绍2种方法的制备工艺。基于生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶独特的层级孔状结构，本研究概述碳气凝胶的轻质多孔、疏水性、稳定性和导电性以及生物质纤维素基碳气凝的金属掺杂和杂原子掺杂改性，这些优异的材料特性使其在隔热、电化学、吸附等领域有着广泛应用，并有望渗透到药物缓释、抗菌材料、组织工程和电磁屏蔽等更多的前瞻性新兴材料领域。围绕生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶的功能化制备、性能表征和应用，创新性的研究理论和研究方法正在不断涌现，本研究在深入分析研究现状的基础上，展望生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶未来的研究方向和发展前景。生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶作为一种新型绿色材料，以其独特的热学、电学、光学及力学性能，可为生物质的高值化、功能化应用提供更多的研究思路，具有更加广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 纤维素, 碳气凝胶, 生物质, 制备, 性能

Abstract:

As a new type of lightweight aerogel, the biomass cellulose carbon aerogel has unique isotropic 3D network and hierarchical porous structure. Based on the individual structure, the carbon aerogel owns the excellent properties of aerogel (high specific surface area, high porosity and low density), carbon materials (heat resistance and electrical conductivity) and biomass materials (biodegradable and biocompatible). In recent years, it has becomes one of the hotspot research fields in nano-functional materials. The raw material of biomass cellulose carbon aerogel is widely available, including plants (wood, bamboo, fruits and vegetables), marine life and bacteria. Based on the differences in raw material form, the preparation methods of biomass carbon aerogel are summarized as gel carbonization method and biomass direct carbonization method. In addition, this paper introduces the main properties and modified methods, such as light and more porous, hydrophobic, stability, electrical conductivity, and metal doping and heteroatom doping modification. These excellent material properties make it been widely used in the insulation, electrochemical, adsorption, and many other fields. Also, it is potential to be used more forward-looking emerging material fields, such as drug release, antimicrobial materials, tissue engineering and electromagnetic shielding. The functional preparation, characterization and application of biomass cellulose carbon aerogel are emerging. Based on the research, this paper discusses the prospective of biomass cellulose carbon aerogel. As a new type of green material, the biomass cellulose carbon aerogel provides an application prospect for high-value and functional application of biomass materials.

Key words: cellulose, carbon aerogel, biomass, preparation, property

中图分类号:

S781

陈媛,韩雁明,范东斌,晏婷婷,李改云,王思群. 生物质纤维素基碳气凝胶材料研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(10): 88-98.

Yuan Chen,Yanming Han,Dongbin Fan,Tingting Yan,Gaiyun Li,Siqun Wang. Carbon Aerogel Based on Biomass Cellulose[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(10): 88-98.

图/表 4

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