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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 181-192.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191018

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

杉木地理种源不同林龄生长变异及选择

伍汉斌1,段爱国1,2,*,张建国1,2   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室 林木遗传育种国家重点实验室 北京 100091
    2. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心 南京 210037
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-22 出版日期:2019-10-25 发布日期:2019-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 段爱国
  • 基金资助:
    江西省林业厅科技创新专项(201702);国家自然科学基金项目(31570619);国家自然科学基金项目(31370629)

Growth Variation and Selection Effect of Cunninghamia lanceolata Provenances at Different Stand Ages

Hanbin Wu1,Aiguo Duan1,2,*,Jianguo Zhang1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091
    2. The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037
  • Received:2018-11-22 Online:2019-10-25 Published:2019-11-26
  • Contact: Aiguo Duan
  • Supported by:
    江西省林业厅科技创新专项(201702);国家自然科学基金项目(31570619);国家自然科学基金项目(31370629)

摘要:

目的: 通过对33年生杉木种源试验林生长性状的调查研究,了解杉木种源主要生长性状的遗传变异及地理变异模式,对早期选择的效果进行检验,确定杉木种源早期选择的适宜年龄,并为试验区选择适生的优良种源。方法: 以1981年在广西柳州营造的杉木全分布区种源试验林为研究对象,参试种源为199个,在5、6、8、12和33年生时测定每木胸径和树高,分析不同种源主要生长性状在不同林龄的遗传变异规律,采用趋势面技术分析杉木地理变异规律,采用早晚相关确定早期选择的林龄范围,利用聚类分析对优良种源长期选择效果进行评价。结果: 不同生长时期杉木种源的胸径、树高和材积在种源间的差异均达到极显著水平(P < 0.01);参试杉木种源的胸径、树高和材积的遗传力达到0.35~0.76,随着林龄的增长,各性状的遗传力呈现上升并逐渐稳定的趋势;杉木种源间存在明显的地理变异规律,胸径和树高生长地理变异模式均表现为双向渐变,经度方向呈现不显著的正向变异,纬度方向上呈现先增加后减小的趋势且变幅较大;种源早期选择的研究表明在6~12年生时选择能包含决选69%~74%的种源;从199个参试种源中筛选出42个生长较快速的种源,其胸径、树高和材积分别达到24.04 cm、15.31 m和0.31 m3,与广西当地种源相比平均胸径、树高和材积分别增加15.70%、11.13%、40.17%,平均遗传增益分别达到10.36%、8.66%和31.65%。结论: 杉木种源在不同林龄生长差异极显著,且主要生长性状的遗传力呈现上升并逐渐稳定的趋势。早期选择在6~12年生时更有利于提高杉木遗传改良的效率。42个生长优良的杉木种源被选择出来,与广西当地种源相比有较大生长增幅,适宜在广西壮族自治区及周边地区造林推广。

关键词: 杉木, 种源试验, 早期选择, 遗传增益, 生长量

Abstract:

Objective: Through the investigation of the growth traits of a 33-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) provenance trial, the genetic variation and geographical variation patterns of the main growth traits of Chinese fir provenances were studied, the effects of early selection were tested to determine the appropriate age, and to select suitable and excellent provenances for the experimental area. Method: Provenances from the full natural range of Chinese fir planted in Liuzhou, Guangxi in 1981 were studied. DBH and tree height at 5, 6, 8, 12, and 33 years of age were measured for each tree, genetic variation in major growth traits were analyzed among different provenances at different ages. The study analyzed the geographical variation of Chinese fir by using the trend surface technique, determined the age range of early selection by using juvenile-mature correlation and evaluated of long-term selection effect of excellent provenances by cluster analysis.Result: There were significant differences in DBH, plant height and volume among different provenances at different ages (P < 0.01).The heritability of DBH, tree height and volume of Chinese fir at provenance level reached 0.35-0.76, and with the increase of age, the heritability of each trait showed a rising and gradually stabilizing trend. There were obvious geographical variation patterns among the tested provenances, and both the DBH and the tree height growth patterns are two-way gradients. The longitude direction showed an insignificant positive variation, and the latitude direction showed increases followed by decreases, and the variation is larger. The research on early selection of provenance showed that the selection in the 6-12 years can include 69%-74% of the final selection. Screening 42 fast-growing provenances from 199 reference sources, and their DBH, tree height and volume reached 24.04 cm, 15.31 m and 0.31 m3 respectively. Compared with the average diameter of Guangxi native provenance, the average DBH increased by 15.70%, the average tree height increased by 11.13%, the average volume increased by 40.17%, and the average genetic gain reached 10.36%, 8.66% and 31.65%, respectively. Objective: There were significant differences in DBH, plant height and volume of provenances at different ages, and the heritability of main growth traits showed an upward and gradually stable trend. The selection of 6-12 years is more conducive to improving the efficiency of Chinese fir genetic improvement. The 42 excellent provenances selected from the 33-year-old mature Chinese fir forests have a larger increase than the local provenances, and are suitable for promotion in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and surrounding areas.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata, provenance test, early selection, genetic gain, growth

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