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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 33-43.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150805

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

16个品种桃叶片解剖结构与树干抗寒性的关系

郭学民1, 刘建珍2, 翟江涛1, 肖啸2, 吕亚媚1, 李丹丹1, 裴士美1, 张立彬2   

  1. 1. 河北科技师范学院生命科技学院 秦皇岛 066600;
    2. 河北科技师范学院园艺科技学院 秦皇岛 066600
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-18 修回日期:2015-04-01 出版日期:2015-08-25 发布日期:2015-09-10
  • 基金资助:

    河北省自然科学基金项目(C2014407077)。

Relationship between Leaf Anatomical Structure and Trunk Cold Resistance of 16 Peach Cultivars

Guo Xuemin1, Liu Jianzhen2, Zhai Jiangtao1, Xiao Xiao2, Lü Yamei1, Li Dandan1, Pei Shimei1, Zhang Libin2   

  1. 1. College of Life Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology Qinhuangdao 066600;
    2. College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology Qinhuangdao 066600
  • Received:2014-07-18 Revised:2015-04-01 Online:2015-08-25 Published:2015-09-10

摘要:

[目的] 探讨桃叶片解剖结构与树干抗寒性的关系,为桃抗寒品种选育、引种栽培及栽培区划分提供理论依据。[方法] 以16个品种桃为试材,结合树干抗寒性的野外实地调查,采用印迹法和石蜡切片技术,测定13项叶片解剖结构指标,应用变异系数、相关分析和聚类分析对叶片解剖结构指标进行筛选,采用隶属函数对各品种的抗寒性进行综合评价。[结果] 1) 桃叶片为典型的异面叶,表皮毛无,表皮细胞垂周壁略呈波浪状,气孔为无规则形,仅分布于下表皮,栅栏组织细胞2~3层,在品种之间13项解剖结构指标差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01); 2) 叶片厚度、单位面积气孔总周长、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度和主脉木质部面积是影响抗寒性的主要叶片解剖结构指标,而上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、组织结构紧密度、组织结构疏松度、木质部面积/维管束面积比率、气孔密度和气孔周长与果树抗寒性关系不大; 3) 16个品种桃抗寒性存在明显差异,其强弱排序为:珲春>瑞光27号>迎雪>早霞露>农字6号>早春>晚西妃>大久保>朝晖>袖珍早蟠>早花露>花玉露>华玉>迎霜>中华寿桃>21世纪; 4) 16个品种桃抗寒性类型可划分为5类:珲春、瑞光27号和迎雪为高抗寒类型,早霞露和农字6号为抗寒类型,早春、晚西妃、大久保、朝晖和袖珍早蟠为中抗寒类型,早花露、花玉露、华玉和迎霜为低抗寒类型,中华寿桃和21世纪为不抗寒类型; 5) 根据叶片结构特性的统计评价,所得出的抗寒性类型划分与野外实地调查结果一致。[结论] 影响树干抗寒性的主要叶片解剖结构指标是叶片厚度、单位面积气孔总周长、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度和主脉木质部面积,这4项指标的差异在一定程度上可以反映不同品种桃干抗寒性的变化;但是要准确评价桃的抗寒性,还需参考抗寒的生理生化指标、田间受害情况及受害后恢复状况等加以综合考虑。

关键词: 桃, 叶片解剖结构, 抗寒性, 综合评价

Abstract:

[Objective] Leaves are photosynthetic organ of plants. Part of their photosynthetic products (carbohydrates) is transported to the trunk through the phloem, and stored in parenchyma cells of the trunk. The accumulation of these endogenous carbohydrates may result in an increase in cold resistance in various higher plant species. Leaf structure affects its water retention, and hence affects the distribution pattern of carbohydrates in the trunk by affecting the photosynthetic rate. On the other hand the trunk is one of the most susceptible parts to low temperature. The relationship between peach leaf anatomical structure and cold resistance of the trunk was explored in this paper. [Method] In this study, 13 anatomical structure indexes were measured on 16 peach cultivars by using blotting methods and paraffin section methods combined with a field investigation of cold resistance of the trunk. Leaf anatomical structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation, analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance for each cultivar was conducted by the subordinate function. [Result] 1) Peach leaves were typical bifacial leaf without trichomes, and the epidermal anticlinal walls showed slightly sinuate. The stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis, and belonged to anomocytic type. The leaf had 2-3 layers of palisade tissue cells. The 13 anatomical structure indexes all reached to a significant level difference among the 16 cultivars (P<0.01). 2) Leaf thickness, the total stomatal perimeter per unit area, the ratio of the palisade tissue to the spongy tissue, and midrib xylem area were the main factors related to the hardiness, while those indexes, such as thickness of upper epidermis, thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of palisade tissue, thickness of spongy tissue, tightness of leaf palisade tissue, palisade tissue and spongy tissue ratio, midrib xylem area and midrib vascular bundle area ratio, stomatal density and stomatal perimeter, did not showed much effect on cold resistance. 3) The cold resistance for the 16 cultivars was in order of Hunchun>Ruiguang No. 27>Yingxue>Zaoxialu>Nongzi No. 6>Zaochun>Wanxifei>Dajiubao>Zhaohui>Xiuzhenzaopan>Zaohualu>Huayulu>Huayu>Yingshuang>Chinese birthday peach>21th century. 4) According to the cold hardiness, the cultivars could be divided into 5 groups: Hunchun, Ruiguang No.27 and Yingxue with high cold resistance, Zaoxialu and Nongzi No. 6 with cold resistance, Zaochun, Wanxifei, Dajiubao, Zhaohui and Xiuzhenzaopan with medium cold resistance, Nongzi No. 6, Zaohualu, Huayulu, Huayu, and Yingshuang with lower tolerance, Chinese birthday peach and 21th century without cold resistance. 5) The result of cold resistance type division according to the statistical evaluation of the structural characteristics of the leaf was consistent with that of field investigation.[Conclusion] According to statistical analysis and field investigations, the main anatomical structure indexes affecting trunk cold resistance were leaf thickness, the total stomatal perimeter per unit area, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, and midrib xylem area, and the differences in these four indexes, to some extent, reflected the variation of cold resistance of tree trunk in 16 peach cultivars. However, the accurate hardiness evaluation of peach trees still needs to consider other factors, including some physiological and biochemical indicators of cold resistance, the harmfulness of peach trees, and the recovery state after being injured by low temperature.

Key words: peach, leaf anatomical structure, cold resistance, comprehensive evaluation

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