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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 44-51.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150806

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

榉树秋季转色期叶色变化的生理生化

张敏1, 黄利斌1, 周鹏2, 钱猛3, 窦全琴1   

  1. 1. 江苏省林业科学研究院 南京 211153;
    2. 南京林业大学生物与环境学院 南京 210037;
    3. 南京农业大学生命科学学院生命科学实验中心 南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-11 修回日期:2015-03-08 出版日期:2015-08-25 发布日期:2015-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 黄利斌
  • 基金资助:

    江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(11)1041); 江苏省农业科技支撑计划项目(BE2011323)。

Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Zelkova serrata Leaves during Leaf color Transformation in Autumn

Zhang Min1, Huang Libin1, Zhou Peng2, Qian Meng3, Dou Quanqin1   

  1. 1. Jiangsu Academy of Forestry Nanjing 211153;
    2. College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037;
    3. Life Science Laboratory Center, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095
  • Received:2014-10-11 Revised:2015-03-08 Online:2015-08-25 Published:2015-09-10

摘要:

[目的] 从生理生化角度探寻影响秋季榉树叶片呈色的关键因素,为选育秋季叶色纯正的榉树优良观赏株系提供依据,并为探寻提高品种观赏特性、延长秋色观赏期的合理栽培措施提供参考。[方法] 以转色期叶色表现为红色、黄色和绿色的榉树优选单株为试材,对其色素、碳水化合物及矿质元素含量进行测定并分析其相关性。[结果] 1) 不同叶色榉树叶片中的色素含量及比例存在差异,在整个转色期,绿色单株叶片中叶绿素含量显著高于红色和黄色单株(P<0.05),花色素苷/叶绿素和类胡萝卜素/叶绿素均最小。红色单株叶片中花色素苷含量显著提高(P<0.05),花色素苷/叶绿素远高于其他2个单株。黄色单株叶片中类胡萝卜素含量相对较稳定, 类胡萝卜素/叶绿素显著高于绿色和红色单株(P<0.05),花色素苷/叶绿素位于二者之间。不同榉树单株叶片变色直接受叶片中花色素苷叶绿素及类胡萝卜素叶绿素的综合影响。 2)相关性分析显示,绿色单株叶片中花色素苷/叶绿素与叶绿素a和总叶绿素呈显著负相关 (P<0.05),表明叶绿素a含量的相对稳定在绿色单株呈色过程中起重要作用; 花色素苷和花色素苷/叶绿素分别与温度、淀粉和N含量呈负相关。红色单株中花色素苷/叶绿素与花色素苷呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与叶绿素呈负相关但不显著(P>0.05),表明花色素苷含量的提高是红色单株叶色变红的主要原因; 花色素苷分别与温度和N含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),但与蔗糖、P和K含量呈显著正相关; 叶绿素含量与日照长度呈极显著正相关。黄色单株类胡萝卜素与碳水化合物及N含量呈正相关。[结论] 秋季榉树叶色变化是在多种因素的综合作用下完成的,最直接的原因是色素的成分和比例发生改变,而温度、糖分、矿质元素等是叶片呈色的重要内外因子。

关键词: 榉树, 叶色, 色素, 碳水化合物, 矿质元素

Abstract:

[Objective] In this study, we investigated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of leaf colorization of Zelkova serrata in autumn to provide theoretical foundation for the breeding of colored-leaf trees, and reference for cultivation and management strategies for improving ornamental characteristics and extending ornamental period of Z. serrata leaves. [Method] The pigment composition, contents of carbohydrate and mineral elements in red, yellow and green-colored leaves from the individual tree of Z. serrata were investigated. [Result] 1) The pigment composition of different individual trees was different. Chlorophyll content maintained a relatively high level in the green-colored leaves as compared with red and yellow-colored leaves (P<0.05), and the ratios of anthocyanins to chlorophyll and carotenoids to chlorophyll were lowest. Anthocyanins content increased significantly in red-colored leaves, and the ratio of anthocyanins to chlorophyll was higher than that in the other two colored-leaves. Carotenoids content was stable in yellow-colored leaves, and the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll was highest among the three colored-leaves. The ratio of anthocyanins to chlorophyll was between that of green and red-colored leaves. The results suggested that differences in leaf color of Z. serrata were combined effects of ratios of anthocyanins to chlorophyll and carotenoids to chlorophyll. 2) The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the ratio of anthocyanins to chlorophyll chla and total chlorophyll in the green-colored leaves (P<0.05), indicating that stable chla content played a primary role in colorization of green-colored leaves. In addition, the content of anthocyanins and the ratio of anthocyanins to chlorophyll was negatively correlated with temperature, starch and nitrogen content. In the red-colored leaves, the ratio of anthocyanins to chlorophyll was positively correlated with the content of anthocyanins (P <0.01) and slightly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content (P>0.05). It was showed that increase in the content of anthocyanins was the main reason for the red color of red-colored leaves. Moreover, negative correlations were observed between anthocyanins content and temperature and nitrogen (P<0.05), while the anthocyanins content was positively correlated with the concentration of sucrose, phosphorus and potassium. Additionally, a significantly positive correlation was observed between chlorophyll content and the length of daytime. There were positive correlations between carotenoids and the contents of carbohydrate and nitrogen in the yellow-colored leaves. [Conclusion] The leaf color of the individual tree of Z. serrata in autumn was controlled by several factors, among which changes in pigment composition and contents were the direct cause, while temperature, contents of carbohydrate and mineral elements were important internal and external factors. The study may provide reference for cultivation and management of Z. serrata.

Key words: Zelkova serrata, leaf color, pigment, carbohydrate, mineral element

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