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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 28-36.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150704

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

大兴安岭盘古林场森林景观的空间分布格局及其关联性

董灵波, 刘兆刚, 李凤日   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-28 修回日期:2014-04-29 出版日期:2015-07-25 发布日期:2015-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘兆刚
  • 基金资助:

    国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"黑龙江大兴安岭过伐林的多功能优化经营技术研究与示范"(2012BAD22B0202); 国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"东北碳汇林优化培育关键技术与示范"(2011BAD37B02); 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2572014AA28)。

Spatial Point Patterns and Associations of Forest Landscapes in Pangu Forest Farm in Daxing'an Mountains

Dong Lingbo, Liu Zhaogang, Li Fengri   

  1. School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
  • Received:2014-03-28 Revised:2014-04-29 Online:2015-07-25 Published:2015-08-14

摘要:

[目的] 分析大兴安岭地区主要森林景观类型的空间分布格局及其关联性,以期阐明该地区森林景观形成和维持的内在机制,为该地区森林景观的健康经营提供理论依据。[方法] 基于塔河林业局盘古林场2008年森林资源二类调查数据,采用ArcMap10.0软件中的核密度分析和Programita软件(2010版)中的O-ring统计方法研究该地区主要森林景观类型(天然落叶松林、天然白桦林、针叶混交林和针阔混交林)的空间分布格局及其关联性。[结果] 核密度分析结果表明,该地区各主要森林景观类型在空间上呈明显聚集分布,其平均斑块密度为0.73~1.57 km-2,空间变异系数高达99.75% ~119.67%; 点格局O-ring分析结果表明,4种景观类型均在小尺度上呈现显著聚集分布,之后随研究尺度的增大逐渐呈随机分布的趋势; 各景观类型之间均在小尺度上显著负关联,在中等尺度上呈现出无关联性,而在大尺度上又有显著的正关联性; 森林采伐、林火干扰以及道路网等因素是森林景观格局变化的主要驱动因素。[结论] 大兴安岭地区由于极端的气候条件以及长期的采伐和林火干扰等因素,森林景观已经呈现出明显的破碎化趋势。为此,对于森林植被的恢复,可在小尺度上采取连片造林方式,而在大尺度上采用随机造林模式; 对树种的选择,应优先选择乡土树种,并注重各树种的合理空间配置; 而对于森林采伐,则应采取以择伐和间伐为主的方式; 同时,严格控制人类自身活动(如采伐方式、道路安排等)对森林景观的影响,进而从景观水平上创建健康、稳定的森林生态系统。

关键词: 森林景观, 空间点格局, 空间关联性, O-ring函数, 核密度函数

Abstract:

[Objective] The research of multi-scale spatial distribution pattern and associations of forest landscapes has become a hotspot in landscape ecology. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and associations of the main forest landscapes in Daxing'an Mountains, which can contribute to clarify the formation and maintenance mechanism of forest landscapes in this area and also can provide some insights for healthy management of the forest landscapes. [Method] Based on the data of forest resource inventory in Pangu forest farm in Daxing'an Mountains in northeastern China, the spatial distribution pattern and associations of the main forest landscape types (natural Larix gmelinii forest, natural Betula platyphylla forest, natural coniferous mixed forest and natural mixed broadleaf-conifer forest) were characterized by using the O-ring statistics within Programita software and kernel density function within ArcMap software. [Result] The result of kernel density function indicated that the mean patch density for each forest type were 0.73-1.57 km-2, and the spatial variation coefficient were up to 99.75%-119.67%, which both illustrated the distribution of the four forest landscapes were significantly clumped in spatial dimensions. The O-ring statistics showed that the main forest landscape types were significantly clumped at small scale, and tended to be in random distribution with the increase of scale. Spatial associations showed that there were negative correlations at small scale, non-correlations at medium scale, and positive correlations at large scale among different forest landscapes. Forest cutting and forest fire are the major driving forces for the change of forest landscape in the study area. [Conclusion] Our assessment indicated that the forest landscapes in this area have presented the trends of fragmentation during the recent 100 years, due to the long term forest harvest, forest fires and other interference factors. Therefore, in order to establish and maintain a healthy and stable forest ecsystem from the level of landscape, we suggested that the following four measures should be adopted: 1) For restoring the forest vegetation, the continuous forestation mode and random forestation mode should be employed in small and large scales, respectively; 2) For selection of tree species, native species should be given priority, and spatial configuration of these species should also be given attention; 3) For forest harvesting, selective cutting and intermediate cutting should be used; 4) Finally, more attentions need to be paid to the effects of human activities (e.g., forest harvest, silviculture and roads construction) on the forest landscapes.

Key words: forest landscape, spatial point pattern, spatial association, O-ring function, kernel density function

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