关键词: 森林沼泽类型, 群落分布, 生态位重叠指数, 判断分析

Abstract: [Object] Soil animal is a key part and important driving factor of soil ecosystem evolution. The study on the effect of natural factor and human disturbance on the ground dwelling soil fauna community and its niche in Daxing'anling Mountains will help to understand the role of soil biodiversity in the conservation and restoration of swamp ecosystem.[Method] In the late August 2012 and the late August 2013, we investigated the ground dwelling soil animal by pitfall traps at 5 types of swampes, including Larix gmelinii-Ledum palustre-moss swamp (referred larch-palustre), L.gmelinii-Rhododendron dauricum-moss swamp (referred larch-azalea), L.gmelinii-Betula platyphylla-carex swamp (referred larch-birch), and larch-azalea by severe fire disturbance, larch-birch by mild fire disturbance in 2006.[Result] Total of 11079 individuals(16 unknown)were collected from 150 pitfalls, and belonged to 8 Classes, 18 Orders, 3 Suborders and 62 Families, of which 52 groups were macrofauna, and belonged to 6 Classes, 16 Orders. One dominant group was Formicidae, Hymenopetra, accounting for 40.82% of the total number of macrofauna collected, There were 15 micro-meso fuana which belonged to 82 Classes, 2 Orders, 3 Suborders, and among them Neanuridae, Collembola was the dominant group that was 85.03% of the total number of micro-meso fuana collected. In terms of nutrition function, the ground dwelling soil animal was predominant in the phytophagous and the predatory. The result showed that the individual number and groups of the ground dwelling soil animal community were the most in larch-birch, while the least in individual number and group number was in larch-azalea and larch-palustre, respectively. Compared to the same type of undisturbed swamp, the total number of individuals and groups were increased by intermadiate fire disturbance, but the diversity index and evenness index was declined with the fire disturbance intensity enhancement. There were significant differences in the individuals, groups and diversity index of ground dwelling between 2012 and 2013(P=0.05), while the similarity of soil macrofauna was lower than that of micro-meso fauna. The ground dwelling soil animal had significant difference in resource utilization in this study(P<0.01), among which, the larch-azalea had the most common resource utilization, and the least in larch-birch with intermediate fire disturbance, which led to obviously dominance species. After fire disturbance, the similarity became lower in the same type of swamp, and general niche overlap index of the ground dwelling soil animal declined as the available resource declined.[Conclusion]The diversity of ground dwelling soil fauna community was related with the type of marsh. Ground dwelling soil fauna community structure was affected by the environment factor in the study area.

Key words: type of forest marsh, community distribution, niche overlap index, discriminant analysis, Nanweng River