两种栽培方式对‘洛阳红’牡丹挥发性香气成分释放及其相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250753

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 系统解析‘洛阳红’牡丹挥发性香气成分在不同花发育时期和日变化中的释放规律，探究花香相关基因的表达水平，为提升‘洛阳红’年宵花的观赏品质和产业应用提供理论支撑。方法: 以催花盆栽和田间地栽‘洛阳红’牡丹为研究材料，采用动态顶空吸附结合气相色谱?质谱联用技术（GC-MS），分别分析7个不同花发育时期（露色期、破绽期、初开期、半开期、盛开期、始衰期和衰败期）的香气成分和盛开期日变化规律（06:00—18:00）。结果: 1）在‘洛阳红’牡丹中分别鉴定出挥发性成分43种（盆栽）和30种（地栽），包括8种苯环类、5种醇类、1种酚类、3种醛类、2种萜烯类、6种酯类和27种烃类化合物。2）香气释放总量在开花进程中均呈先升后降的单峰模式，盆栽于半开期达到最高，地栽于盛开期达到最高。在一天不同时间段中，盆栽释放量随时间逐渐上升，在15:00—18:00达到最高；地栽则呈先增后降趋势，在09:00—12:00达到最高。3）利用qRT-PCR技术检测花香合成通路中PsTPS和PsPAL基因的表达模式发现，不同开花时期PsTPS在盆栽中的表达量与橙花醇含量趋势相似，在地栽中的表达量则与α-法呢烯趋势相似；PsPAL的表达量在盆栽和地栽中分别与间二甲苯和苯乙醇的含量变化趋势相似。而1天内不同时间段中，PsTPS和PsPAL的表达量分别与α-法呢烯和间二甲苯的含量变化趋势相似。结论: 本研究从花香成分与基因表达2个角度揭示出‘洛阳红’花香的释放规律，对‘洛阳红’催花产业发展具有重要应用价值。

关键词: ‘洛阳红’牡丹, 挥发性成分, 基因表达

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze the emission patterns of volatile aroma components in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ during different flowering developmental stages and diurnal variations, and investigate the expression levels of scent-related genes, so as to provide theoretical support for improving the ornamental quality and industrial application of P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ as a New Year flower. Method: In this study, potted and field-grown P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ plants were used as materials. Dynamic headspace adsorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the aroma components at seven different flower developmental stages (color exposure stage, blooming stage, initial flowering stage, half opening stage, full blooming stage, initial decay stage, decay stage), as well as the diurnal variation patterns (from 06:00 to 18:00) at the full blooming stage, respectively. Result: 1） The results showed that 43 volatile components (in potted plants) and 30 volatile components (in field-grown plants) were identified in P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’, including 8 benzenes, 5 alcohols, 1 phenol, 3 aldehydes, 2 terpenes, 6 esters, and 27 hydrocarbons. 2） The total emission of floral aroma exhibited a unimodal pattern of first increasing and then decreasing during the flowering process. The total emission reached the peak at the half-opening stage in potted plants, while it peaked at the full blooming stage in field-grown plants. During different time of periods in a day, the volatile emission of potted plants gradually increased over time, reaching the peak between 15:00 and 18:00. In contrast, that of field-grown plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, peaking between 09:00 and 12:00. 3） The expression patterns of PsTPS and PsPAL genes in the floral scent biosynthesis pathway were detected using qRT-PCR technology. It was found that during different flowering stages, the expression level of PsTPS in potted plants showed a similar trend to that of linalool content, while its expression level in field-grown plants exhibited a similar trend to that of α-farnesene content. The expression level of PsPAL in potted and field-grown plants was consistent with the content variation trends of m-xylene and phenylethyl alcohol, respectively. Additionally, at different time of periods in a day, the expression levels of PsTPS and PsPAL were similar to the content variation trends of α-farnesene and m-xylene, respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals the emission pattern of the floral scent of P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ from two perspectives: volatile aroma components and gene expression, which has significant application value for the development of the forcing-flowering industry of P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’.

Key words: Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’, volatile components, gene expression

中图分类号:

孙可心,张晨洁,牛童非,马慧丽,张祖奇,郭丽丽,侯小改. 两种栽培方式对‘洛阳红’牡丹挥发性香气成分释放及其相关基因表达的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(7): 140-151.

Kexin Sun,Chenjie Zhang,Tongfei Niu,Huili Ma,Zuqi Zhang,Lili Guo,Xiaogai Hou. Effects of Two Cultivation Methods on Volatile Aroma Components Release and Related Genes Expression in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(7): 140-151.

图/表 8

图1

表1

图2

表2

‘洛阳红’不同花发育时期挥发性成分种类及含量①"

分类 Classification	化合物Compounds	盆栽Potted							地栽Field-grown
分类 Classification	化合物Compounds	CE	BS	IF	HO	FB	ID	DE	CE	BS	IF	HO	FB	ID	DE
苯环类 Benzenes	1,3,5-三甲氧基苯 1,3,5-trimethoxy-benzene	—	—	—	—	—	1.721	0.096	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	7-甲基腺嘌呤 6-amino-7-methylpurine	—	—	—	—	—	0.145	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	对苯二甲醚 1,4-dimethoxybenzene	—	0.073	0.202	0.318	2.521	—	—	—	—	0.121	0.261	0.328	—	—
	对二甲苯 m-xylene	0.149	0.145	0.111	0.120	0.116	0.131	0.114	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	间二甲苯 1,3-dimethylbenzene	0.062	0.051	0.110	0.059	0.036	0.072	0.048	—	—	—	0.079	—	—	—
	乙苯ethylbenzene	0.053	0.045	0.067	0.040	0.049	0.060	0.049	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	吲哚Indole	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.270	0.126	—	—	—
	邻二甲苯 o-xylene	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.083
	合计Total	0.264cd	0.314cd	0.491c	0.537c	2.722a	2.130b	0.307cd	—	—	0.392cd	0.467c	0.328cd	—	0.083d
醇类 Alcohols	2-乙基己醇2-ethylhexanol	—	—	0.080	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	橙花醇Nerol	—	—	1.003	2.546	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	苯乙醇Phenethyl alcohol	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.075	0.424	0.138	—
	合计Total	—	—	1.083b	2.546a	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.075c	0.424c	0.138c	—
酚类 Phenols	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol	—	0.709	0.317	0.469	0.205	0.342	0.526	—	—	—	—	0.281	0.093	—
酚类 Phenols	合计Total	—	0.709a	0.317bc	0.469ab	0.205cd	0.342bc	0.526ab	—	—	—	—	0.281bc	0.093cd	—
醛类 Aldehydes	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	—	—	0.112	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	癸醛Decanal	—	—	0.035	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	壬醛Nonanal	—	0.148	0.220	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.116	—	—
	合计Total	—	0.148b	0.367a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.116b	—	—
萜烯类 Terpenes	α-法呢烯α-farnesene	—	—	—	0.104	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.223	0.191	0.537
	β-罗勒烯β-ocimene	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.072	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	合计Total	—	—	—	0.104cd	—	—	0.072d	—	—	—	—	0.223b	0.191bc	0.537a
酯类 Esters	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl jasmonate	—	—	—	—	0.484	0.356	0.526	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 Isopropyl myristate	—	0.081	—	0.171	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	顺-7-十四碳乙酸酯（Z）-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate	—	—	0.464	1.167	1.191	0.241	0.171	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	乙酸十八酯 Acetic acid n-octadecyl ester	—	—	0.166	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	正戊酸己酯Hexyl n-valerate	0.067	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	合计Total	0.067c	0.081c	0.630bc	1.338a	1.675a	0.597bc	0.727b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
烃类 Hydrocarbons	奥苷菊环Azulene	—	—	0.039	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	（E）-5-十四碳烯（E）-5-Tetradecen-1-ol	—	—	—	0.217	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	1-十八烷烯1-Octadecene	—	—	—	0.187	—	0.186	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.055	—
	1-十九碳烯1-Nonadecene	—	—	—	—	—	0.459	0.150	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	2-甲基十六烷 2-Methylhexadecane	—	0.169	0.152	0.366	0.322	—	—	—	—	0.182	-	2.287	—	—
	3-甲基十七烷 3-Methylheptadecane	—	0.219	0.102	0.196	0.160	—	0.113	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	8-十七烷烯8-Heptadecene	—	—	—	0.411	0.479	0.196	0.117	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	癸烷Decane	—	—	0.060	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	角鲨烷Squalane	—	—	0.164	0.319	—	0.184	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	姥鲛烷Pristane	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.199	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	十二烷Dodecane	0.126	0.196	0.202	0.385	0.168	0.082	0.110	0.096	—	0.312	0.132	0.347	—	—
	十六烷Hexadecane	—	1.143	0.804	1.221	0.615	0.632	0.878	0.417	0.858	0.361	0.512	0.277	0.882	0.827
	十七烷Heptadecane	—	0.927	0.849	2.364	3.639	0.783	0.732	0.191	0.529	1.731	0.657	3.055	0.633	0.694
	十三烷Tridecane	0.074	0.232	0.171	0.379	0.339	0.275	0.327	0.075	—	0.424	0.388	1.855	0.091	0.061
	十四烷Tetradecane	0.085	0.350	0.331	0.556	0.419	0.247	0.312	0.264	0.433	0.377	0.483	1.047	0.545	0.535
	十五烷Pentadecane	—	0.853	1.470	3.916	3.223	0.713	0.638	0.292	0.582	1.511	1.337	3.550	1.488	1.320
	十一烷Hendecane	0.090	0.178	0.153	0.592	0.316	0.125	0.062	—	—	0.170	0.216	1.489	0.065	—
	十八烷Octadecane	—	0.530	0.268	0.489	0.213	0.259	0.440	0.199	—	—	0.239	—	—	0.148
	植烷Phytane	—	—	—	0.262	—	—	0.150	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	二十烷Eicosane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.503	0.185	0.128	—	0.202	0.198
	6,9-十七碳二烯 6,9-Heptadecadiene	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.985	—	—	—	—
	2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.230	—	—
	3,3-二甲基己烷 3,3-Dimethylhexane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.129	—	—
	二十一烷Heneicosane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.924	—	—
	合计Total	0.375f	4.797cd	4.766cd	11.861b	9.895b	4.142cd	4.228cd	1.533ef	2.905de	6.238c	4.091cd	16.189a	3.963cd	3.784cd

表2

图3

表3

‘洛阳红’1天内不同时间段挥发性成分种类及含量"

分类 Classification	化合物 Compounds	盆栽Potted				地栽Field-grown
分类 Classification	化合物 Compounds	06:00—09:00	09:00—12:00	12:00—15:00	15:00—18:00	06:00—09:00	09:00—12:00	12:00—15:00	15:00—18:00
苯环类 Benzenes	乙苯Ethylbenzene	0.048	0.049	0.050	—	—	—	—	—
	对二甲苯p-Xylene	0.103	0.116	0.096	0.148	—	—	0.046	—
	间二甲苯m-Xylene	0.044	0.036	—	—	0.067	—	—	0.078
	对苯二甲醚1，4-Dimethoxybenzene	0.612	2.521	0.195	4.096	—	0.328	0.972	1.015
	吲哚Indole	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.154
	合计Total	0.807c	2.722b	0.341d	4.244a	0.067d	0.328d	1.019c	1.247c
醇类 Alcohols	叶醇Cis-3-hexen-1-ol	—	—	0.106	0.176	—	—	—	—
	苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol	—	—	0.784	—	—	0.424	0.459	0.153
	2-己基-1-癸醇2-Hexyl-1-decanol	—	—	—	—	0.164	—	—	—
	合计Total	—	—	0.890a	0.176c	0.164c	0.424b	0.459b	0.153c
酚类 Phenols	2，4-二叔丁基苯酚2，4-Di-tert-butylphenol	0.375	0.205	0.265	0.256	0.257	0.281	0.072	—
酚类 Phenols	合计Total	0.375a	0.205b	0.265b	0.256b	0.257b	0.281ab	0.072c	—
醛类 Aldehydes	壬醛Nonanal	—	—	—	—	0.077	0.116	—	0.025
	癸醛Decanal	—	—	—	—	0.085	—	—	0.088
	合计Total	—	—	—	—	0.162a	0.116b	—	0.114b
萜烯类 Terpenes	α-法呢烯α-Farnesene	—	—	0.432	—	—	0.223	0.272	0.220
萜烯类 Terpenes	合计Total	—	—	0.432a	—	—	0.223b	0.272b	0.220b
酯类 Esters	顺-7-十四碳乙酸酯（Z）-7-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate	0.504	1.191	0.991	1.027	—	—	—	—
	茉莉酸甲酯Methyl jasmonate	—	0.484	0.492	0.434	—	—	—	—
	乙酸叶醇酯Cis-3-hexenyl-1-acetate	—	—	0.054	—	—	—	—	—
	合计Total	0.504b	1.675a	1.537a	1.460a	—	—	—	—
烃类 Hydrocarbons	十一烷Hendecane	0.277	0.316	0.378	0.200	0.326	1.489	0.298	1.374
	十二烷Dodecane	0.200	0.168	0.133	0.243	0.203	0.347	0.031	0.434
	十三烷Tridecane	0.268	0.339	0.281	0.252	0.436	1.855	0.072	0.124
	十四烷Tetradecane	0.540	0.419	0.636	0.476	0.381	1.047	0.436	0.275
	十五烷Pentadecane	2.609	3.223	4.857	2.643	2.985	3.550	3.837	3.087
	十六烷Hexadecane	1.181	0.615	0.686	0.999	0.260	0.277	0.732	0.362
	2-甲基十六烷 2-Methylhexadecane	0.231	0.322	—	—	0.254	2.287	—	0.350
	十七烷Heptadecane	1.672	3.639	2.917	3.280	1.968	3.055	1.628	1.428
	角鲨烷Squalane	0.290	—	—	0.213	—	—	—	—
	3-甲基十七烷3-Methylheptadecan	0.146	0.160	0.136	0.244	0.160	—	—	—
	1-十八烷烯1-Octadecene	0.142	—	—	—	0.318	—	—	—
	十八烷Octadecane	0.392	0.213	0.202	0.435	0.378	—	0.153	0.200
	植烷Phytane	0.111	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	1-十九碳烯1-Nonadecene	—	0.322	0.321	0.346	—	—	—	—
	（E）-2-十四烯(2E)-Tetradec-2-ene	—	—	0.128	—	—	—	—	—
	8-十七烷烯8-Heptadecene	—	—	—	0.146	0.294	—	—	0.568
	2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane	—	0.479	—	0.294	0.154	0.230	—	0.209
	3,3-二甲基己烷 3,3-Dimethylhexane	—	—	—	—	—	0.129	—	—
	二十一烷Heneicosane	—	—	—	—	—	1.924	—	—
	1,7-十六烷二烯 1,7-Hexadecadiene	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.450	—
	3-甲基十五烷 3-Methylpentadecane，	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.113
	6,9-十七碳二烯 6,9-Heptadecadiene	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.498
	合计Total	8.059c	10.217bc	10.676b	9.771bc	8.116c	16.189a	7.637c	10.022bc

表3

图4

图5

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基因名称Gene name	正向引物序列Forward-primer sequence	反向引物序列Reverse-primer sequence
PsTPS	ATGGCATTGCGTTTTTCTTTG	TGGCTGATCGCCTGTTTGTAG
PsPAL	TGCCTCGCTACTTACCCTTT	GGCTCTCGTATTCGCTTCTA
EF1-α	CCGCCAGAGAGGCTGCTAAT	GCAATGTGGGAAGTGTGGCA

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