近成熟期定额灌水对香榧假种皮开裂的解剖学变化及基因表达的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨定额灌水对近成熟期香榧假种皮开裂的作用机制，提供促进假种皮开裂率和减少采收成本的理论依据。方法: 在香榧近成熟期设置定额灌水（25 cm处的土壤含水量约为26.5%）和对照处理（不作处理），测定假种皮的开裂率和硬度变化，结合石蜡切片观察解剖结构，分析乙烯释放量和细胞壁组分；基于转录组分析和实时荧光定量PCR，进一步揭示灌水促进假种皮开裂的内在机制。结果: 1）灌水处理显著增加香榧假种皮的开裂率至72.55%，降低硬度40.40%（P≤0.05），乙烯释放量增加1.32倍；显微结构显示，灌水处理的假种皮薄壁细胞层树脂道群出现明显的破裂分离现象，薄壁组织层厚度显著增加20.12%。2）灌水处理显著增加假种皮中的水溶性果胶（WSP），CDTA可溶性果胶（CSP）、纤维素和半纤维素含量均显著减少；假种皮开裂率与WSP呈显著正相关，与CSP呈显著负相关。3）灌水处理后假种皮细胞壁代谢相关基因TgEXPs、TgPMEs和乙烯合成相关基因TgACOs的表达量均显著上调，其中TgEXP1、TgEXP2、TgPME1、TgPME2、TgACO1的表达量与硬度、CSP均呈显著负相关，与假种皮开裂率、乙烯释放量、WSP均呈显著正相关。结论: 在近成熟期，定额灌水通过增加乙烯释放量及改变细胞壁组分和相关基因表达，显著促进香榧假种皮开裂、缩短开裂期，为提高开裂率的栽培措施提供可靠的理论依据。

关键词: 香榧, 土壤含水量, 假种皮开裂, 细胞壁代谢, 基因表达

Abstract:

Objective: The mechanism of quota water addition on the the aril cracking of Torreya grandis cv.‘Merrilii’ in the near mature period was discussed, and the theoretical basis for promoting the cracking rate of aril and reducing the harvesting cost was provided. Method: During the near maturity stage, by setting the quota water addition (the soil moisture content is approximately 26.5% at a depth of 25 cm) and control treatment (without water addition), then measuring the aril cracking rate, firmness of T. grandis cv.‘Merrilii’ in different periods, combined with paraffin sections observe the anatomic structure and analyzing the ethylene production volume and the cell wall components, and based on the transcriptome and RT-qPCR analysis to further reveal the intrinsic mechanism of water addition promotes the aril cracking. Result: 1) Water addition treatment significantly increased the cracking rate of the aril in T. grandis cv.‘Merrilii’ to 72.55%, decreased the firmness by 40.40% ( P ≤ 0.05 ), and increased the ethylene release by 1.32 times. The microstructure showed that the resin canals in the parenchyma cell layer of the aril treated with irrigation were obviously broken and separated, and the thickness of the parenchyma tissue layer increased significantly by 20.12%. 2) Water addition treatment significantly increased the water-soluble pectin (WSP) in aril, while the contents of CDTA soluble pectin (CSP), cellulose and hemicellulose decreased significantly. The cracking rate of aril was significantly positively correlated with WSP and significantly negatively correlated with CSP. 3) The expression levels of cell wall metabolism-related genes TgEXPs, TgPMEs and ethylene synthesis-related genes TgACOs were significantly up-regulated after irrigation treatment. Among them, the expression levels of TgEXP1, TgEXP2, TgPME1, TgPME2 and TgACO1 were significantly negatively correlated with firmness and CSP, but were significantly positively correlated with cracking rate, ethylene release and WSP. Conclusion: In the near mature period, quota water addition significantly promoted the cracking of the aril of T. grandis cv.‘Merrilii’ and shortened the cracking period by increasing the ethylene release and changing the cell wall components and related gene expression, which provided a reliable theoretical basis for the cultivation measures to improve the cracking rate.

Key words: Torreya grandis cv.‘Merrilii’, soil water content, aril cracking, cell wall metabolism, gene expression

中图分类号:

S722

吴翠萍,金曹亮,应建平,索金伟,吴家胜,胡渊渊. 近成熟期定额灌水对香榧假种皮开裂的解剖学变化及基因表达的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 115-125.

Cuiping Wu,Caoliang Jin,Jianping Ying,Jinwei Suo,Jiasheng Wu,Yuanyuan Hu. Effects of Quota Water Addition on Anatomical Changes and Gene Expression in Aril Cracking of Torreya grandis cv. ‘Merrilii’ During Near Maturity Stage[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(1): 115-125.

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基因 Gene	上游引物 Forward primers (5'-3')	下游引物 Reverse primer (5'-3')
Q-TgEXP1	GCGCGTAGCTGCTTCTATTA	AGCGTAAGAGGCCCATATCT
Q-TgEXP2	AAGAAGCTTCGTTGACCCG	CCGAGTTGAGCCATTACGG
Q-TgEXP3	AAAATGGGCATCCTACGCTC	TCCATTAACCATCCCAGGGTA
Q-TgEXP4	TGCAGTGTTGCTGTTTCTCA	CGCCATAAAATGTAGCGTGC
Q-TgEXP5	CGCCAAATATCGACCTGGAA	GCCAAACTAATGCAGCGTAG
Q-TgEXP6	TCTGTGGTTATCTCCTCGTCT	CATCGCTGCCACCATAGAA
Q-TgEXP7	AGCTGTACTCAAGACTGCTCT	ATTGCTAAGATACCCACCAGG
Q-TgEXP8	TGGCCTTTCTCTGTGGGTAA	ATCACCGCCCCCATAAAATG
Q-TgPME1	TAATCCGAGCTACTGAGGCT	ACTATCAATGCCGAAGCCAG
Q-TgPME2	TTCTTGGCTAGGTTCGATGC	TACGCCATTACGCTCCTCTA
Q-TgACO1	GGAACAGTGAAGCCCTGAAG	GGATGTTGCCCTCTCAGAAA
Q-TgACO2	TGCCTCCCTTTTCTGGTTTG	CATTTGCAATTTGGGCCATGA

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