经营权安全对规模户营林基础设施投入的影响——基于全国8省林业规模户的调查数据

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 在全国深化林权制度改革和推动适度规模化经营的背景下，探究经营权安全对规模户营林基础设施投入的影响机制与差异，以健全林权制度改革配套政策，推动建立多元化的营林基础设施供给体系。方法: 在理论分析基础上，利用全国有关林业规模户的调查数据，基于规模户经营权安全视角，采用面板Tobit模型从流转契约规范性、流转契约期限性、林地经营冲突性3个维度分析经营权安全对规模户营林基础设施投入的影响及其作用机制。结果: 无林权冲突的林地经营对规模户营林基础设施具有显著正向影响；长期、规范的流转契约能够激励规模户营林基础设施投入。不同特征规模户营林基础设施投入结构存在差异，经营权安全对南方样本组营林基础设施投入的激励作用强于北方样本组，对普通规模组营林基础设施投入的激励作用强于大规模组。结论: 安全的经营权能够激励规模户营林基础设施投入，通过增强信贷获取能力缓解其资金流动性约束。政府部门应加强林地流转监管，鼓励林业规模户长期经营并给予一定补贴，强化绿色金融服务，提升规模户融资能力和预期收益激励其营林基础设施投入。

关键词: 经营权, 营林基础设施, 林业规模户, 产权安全

Abstract:

Objective: Under the background of deepening the reform of forest right system and promoting moderate scale operation, this paper explores the influence mechanism and difference of management right security on the investment of large-scale households in forest infrastructure, aiming at improving the supporting policies of forest right system reform and promoting the establishment of diversified forest infrastructure supply system. Method: On the basis of theoretical analysis, based on the perspective of the security of management rights of large-scale households, this paper used the survey data of large-scale forestry households in China to analyze the impact of the security of management rights on the investment in forest infrastructure of large-scale households and its mechanism from three dimensions: standardization of transfer contract, maturity of transfer contract and conflict of forest land management with panel Tobit model. Result: The forest land management without forest right conflict has a significant positive impact on the forest infrastructure of large-scale households. A long-term and standardized transfer contract can encourage large-scale households to invest in forest infrastructure. There are differences in the investment structure of forest infrastructure among households with different characteristics. The incentive effect of management right security on the investment of forest infrastructure in the southern sample group is stronger than that in the northern sample group, and the incentive effect on the investment of forest infrastructure in the ordinary scale group is stronger than that in the large scale group.

Key words: management rights, forestry infrastructure, large-scale households, property rights security

中图分类号:

S7-9
F307.2

朱臻,王宇,夏晨晨,钱文荣,刘璨. 经营权安全对规模户营林基础设施投入的影响——基于全国8省林业规模户的调查数据[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(6): 196-208.

Zhen Zhu,Yu Wang,Chenchen Xia,Wenrong Qian,Can Liu. Impact of Management Rights Security on Forestry Infrastructure Investment of Large-Scale Households: Based on Large-Scale Household Survey in 8 Provinces[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 196-208.

图/表 8

表1

变量基本统计"

变量名称 Variable	变量定义 Variable definitions	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.
营林基础设施投入 Forest infrastructure investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	8.379	18.635	0	117.4
林区道路投资 Forest road investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	1.376	4.555	0	31
水利设施投入 Water conservancy facilities investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	0.911	5.102	0	76
电力设施投入 Power facilities investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	0.467	1.872	0	22
通讯设施投入 Communication facilities investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	0.284	1.762	0	30
厂房投资 Plant investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	3.437	11.173	0	80
生产设施投入 Production tools investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	1.905	9.517	0	100
林权纠纷 Forest rights disputes	1=有，0=无 1=Yes，0=No	0.152	0.360	0	1
承包林地的契约形式 Contract form for contracting forest land	0=口头契约，1=书面契约 0=Verbal contract，1=Written contract	0.701	0.458	0	1
承包林地的契约年限 Contract term for contracting forest land	年Year	12.282	12.163	1	70
信贷获取能力 Credit access	万元 Ten thousand yuan	4.769	14.621	0	100
户主年龄 The age of the household head	年Year	51.560	8.436	29	73
户主性别Gender of the household head	1=男，0=女 1=Male，0=Female	0.899	0.301	0	1
户主是否为干部 Whether the head of the household is a cadre	1=担任村干部及以上，0=否 1=Yes，0=No	0.276	0.448	0	1
受教育年限 Education level	年 Year	9.874	2.763	0	16
生产培训 Production training	1=参加，0=未参加 1=Yes，0=No	0.322	0.468	0	1
林地经营面积 Forest land management area	公顷 Hectare	29.100	41.100	0	200
林地经营流动资金 Working capital	万元 Ten thousand yuan	11.753	18.565	0.2	120
政府补贴资金 Government subsidy funds	万元 Ten thousand yuan	0.627	3.737	0	41
经营林种 Forest category	0=生态林，1=商品林 0=Ecological，1=Commercial	0.678	0.467	0	1
前期基础设施投入 Initial infrastructure investment	万元 Ten thousand yuan	6.817	38.974	0	516
经营期限 Operating period	年 Year	7.184	3.712	1	19

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

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表7

表8

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变量 Variable	2016		2018		2020
变量 Variable	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
营林基础设施投入	4.892	16.780	6.251	17.381	18.095	20.599
Forest infrastructure investment	4.892	16.780	6.251	17.381	18.095	20.599
公共营林基础设施投入	2.254	7.165	3.304	8.772	3.932	11.498
Public forest infrastructure investment	2.254	7.165	3.304	8.772	3.932	11.498
私人营林基础设施投入	2.638	12.839	2.948	12.423	14.163	17.531
Private forest infrastructure investment	2.638	12.839	2.948	12.423	14.163	17.531
林权纠纷	0.215	0.412	0.141	0.349	0.064	0.247
Forest rights disputes	0.215	0.412	0.141	0.349	0.064	0.247
承包林地的契约形式	0.651	0.478	0.659	0.476	0.858	0.350
Contract form for contracting forest land	0.651	0.478	0.659	0.476	0.858	0.350
承包林地的契约年限	10.744	11.383	10.981	10.581	17.192	14.655
Contract term for contracting forest land	10.744	11.383	10.981	10.581	17.192	14.655
信贷获取能力	1.44	9.288	5.571	16.9	9.141	16.622
Credit access	1.44	9.288	5.571	16.9	9.141	16.622

变量 Variable	冲突性 Confliction		规范性 Normative		期限性 Term
变量 Variable	有林权纠纷 Disputes with forest rights	无林权纠纷 Disputes without forest rights	口头契约 Verbal contract	书面契约 Written contract	短期契约 Short-term	长期契约 Long-term
营林基础设施投入	0.744	9.751^***	3.360	10.518^***	3.321	17.631^***
Forest infrastructure investment	（0.134）	（1.160）	（0.979）	1.340	（0.524）	（2.454）
公共营林基础设施投入	0.563	3.482^***	1.783	3.572^**	1.576	5.710^***
Public forest infrastructure investment	（0.115）	（0.559）	（0.465）	0.649	（0.374）	（1.129）
私人营林基础设施投入	0.181	6.269^***	1.576	6.946	1.744	11.921^***
Private forest infrastructure investment	（0.082）	（0.917）	（0.619）	1.074^***	（0.327）	（2.016）
信贷获取能力	1.709	5.318^***	3.295	5.396	2.847	8.284^***
Credit access	（1.547）	（0.879）	（1.293）	0.972	（0.821）	（1.589）

变量Variable	被解释变量：营林基础设施投入Explanatory variable: forest infrastructure investment
林权纠纷 Forest rights disputes	?0.118^**
林权纠纷 Forest rights disputes	(0.051)
契约形式		0.136^**
Contract form		(0.063)
契约期限			0.092^***
Contract term			(0.024)
户主年龄	0.009	?0.203	?0.080
Age	(0.312)	(0.300)	(0.290)
户主性别	0.179^*	0.165	0.066
Gender	(0.108)	(0.104)	(0.105)
户主是否为干部	?0.045	?0.046	?0.037
Cadre	(0.037)	(0.036)	(0.035)
受教育程度	?0.125	?0.150^*	?0.230^**
Education level	(0.093)	(0.091)	(0.092)
林地经营流动资金	0.100^***	0.088^***	0.071^***
Working capital	(0.020)	(0.021)	(0.021)
政府补贴金额	?0.062^***	?0.051^**	?0.055^**
Government subsidy funds	(0.023)	(0.022)	(0.022)
生产培训	?0.022	?0.018	?0.012
Production training	(0.039)	(0.038)	(0.037)
林地经营面积	0.360^*	0.285	0.360^**
Forest land management area	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.012)
经营林种	?0.068	?0.019	?0.023
Forest category	(0.044)	(0.043)	(0.040)
基础设施前期投入	?0.010	?0.009	?0.011
Initial infrastructure investment	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.011)
经营年限	0.071^**	0.076^**	0.046
Operating period	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.034)
样本数Number	348	348	348

变量 Variable	营林基础设施投入 Forest infrastructure investment	信贷获取能力 Credit access	营林基础设施投入 Forest infrastructure investment	信贷获取能力 Credit access	营林基础设施投入 Forest infrastructure investment	信贷获取能力 Credit access
林权纠纷	?0.114^***	?0.137
Forest rights disputes	(0.043)	0.172
契约形式			0.063^*	0.217^*
Contract form			(0.035)	(0.131)
契约年限					0.065^***	0.184^***
Contract term					(0.017)	(0.063)
信贷获取能力	0.146^***		0.146^***		0.140^***
Credit access	(0.013)		(0.013)		(0.013)
控制变量	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
Control variable	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled
样本数Number	348	348	348	348	348	348

变量 Variable	大规模样本组 Large-scale sample group			普通规模样本组 Ordinary scale sample group
变量 Variable	营林基础设施投入 Total forest infrastructure investment	私人营林基础设施投入 Public forest infrastructure investment	公共营林基础设施投入 Private forest infrastructure investment	营林基础设施投入 Total forest infrastructure investment	私人营林基础设施投入 Public forest infrastructure investment	公共营林基础设施投入 Private forest infrastructure investment
林权纠纷	?0.141^**	?0.108	?0.356^**	?0.169^**	?0.310^**	?0.378^**
Forest rights disputes	(0.067)	(0.148)	(0.152)	(0.075)	(0.128)	(0.170)
契约形式	0.066	0.023	0.120	0.050	0.037^**	?0.088
Contract form	(0.067)	(0.016)	(0.147)	(0.057)	(0.015)	(0.131)
契约期限	0.087^***	0.061	0.181^***	0.101^***	0.237^***	0.129^*
Contract term	(0.028)	(0.064)	(0.062)	(0.028)	(0.072)	(0.067)
控制变量	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制
Control variable	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled	Controlled
样本数Number	153	153	153	195	195	195