湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种授粉配置技术

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230655

林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 153-168.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230655

湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种授粉配置技术

张婷^1,³,李建安¹,龚玉子²,杨昕悦¹,刘彩霞²,王浩宇¹,谭晓风¹,李泽^1,*()

1. 中南林业科技大学　木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室　岳麓山实验室经济林品种创制中心　经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室/湖南省“一带一路”热带干旱经济林国际联合研究中心/湖南省南方丘陵山地生态经济林产业工程技术研究中心　湖南芦头森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站　长沙 410004
2. 湖南省林业科学院　国家油茶工程技术研究中心　木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室　长沙 410004
3. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心　新余 336600

收稿日期:2023-12-31 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-21
通讯作者: 李泽 E-mail:lize1853@163.com
基金资助:
长沙市“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目（Kq2102007）；湖南省科技创新计划项目（2022RC1155）。

Pollination Configuration Technology of Five Early- to Mid-Maturing Camellia oleifera Varieties Recommended in Hunan Province

Ting Zhang^1,³,Jian’an Li¹,Yuzi Gong²,Xinyue Yang¹,Caixia Liu²,Haoyu Wang¹,Xiaofeng Tan¹,Ze Li^1,*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource　Yuelushan Laboratory Non-wood Forest Cultivar Breeding Center　Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education/The Belt and Road International Union Research Center for Tropical Arid Non-Wood Forest in Hunan Province/Hunan Southern Hilly and Mountain Ecological Economic Forest Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Central South University of Forestry & Technology　Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystem in Hunan Province　Changsha 410004
2. Hunan Academy of Forestry　National Engineering Research Center for Oil Tea　State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource　Changsha 410004
3. Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Xinyu 336600

Received:2023-12-31 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-04-21
Contact: Ze Li E-mail:lize1853@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 系统研究湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种的最佳授粉配置组合，为湖南省油茶良种的品种配置及优质丰产标准栽培提供实践参考和数据支撑。方法: 以‘德字1号’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’、‘湘林210’和‘湘林97号’油茶为试验材料，在花期观测的基础上开展人工授粉试验，测定座果率、果实发育情况、经济性状、种仁含油率和脂肪酸含量等指标，采用主成分分析法综合评价各油茶授粉组合效果。结果: 1） ‘德字1号’的始花期在10月14日，较‘华金’、‘华鑫’、‘湘林210’和‘湘林97号’分别早3、9、12和25天，5个油茶品种盛花期主要集中在11月，‘华金’盛花期最长，从10月30日持续到11月26日，‘湘林97号’的初花期和盛花期相比‘德字1号’和‘华金’仅相遇9天和12天。2） 5个油茶品种最终座果率最高的授粉组合（♀×♂）分别为‘德字1号’×‘华金’、‘华金’×‘德字1号’、‘华鑫’×‘华金’、‘湘林210’×‘德字1号’和‘湘林97号’×‘华鑫’，比其自然授粉分别高44.66%、43.94%、31.08%、16.38%和10.05%，其中，‘华鑫’花粉给‘湘林97号’授粉的单果质量高于其他父本的授粉效果。3） ‘华鑫’花粉给‘华金’授粉后的干仁含油率和干籽含油率最高，分别比‘华金’×‘湘林97号’的果实显著高23.57%和36.89%（P<0.05）。‘湘林210’和‘华金’相互配置的果实含油率最高，均为7.60%。‘湘林97号’×‘华鑫’的果实含油率比父本为‘德字1号’和‘华金’的组合果实含油率分别高15.65%和14.67%，差异显著（P<0.05）。4）（♀×♂）‘德字1号’×‘华金’、‘华金’×‘华鑫’、‘华鑫’×‘湘林97号’和‘湘林210’×‘华鑫’授粉组合油茶母本的果实不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他品种授粉（P<0.05）。结论: 综合比较花期、座果率、果实经济性状和茶油品质等指标，确定‘德字1号’的最佳授粉品种为‘华金’，其次为‘湘林210’；‘华金’的最佳授粉品种为‘华鑫’，其次为‘德字1号’和‘湘林210’；‘华鑫’的最佳授粉品种为‘华金’，其次为‘湘林97号’‘湘林210’和‘德字1号’；‘湘林210’的最佳授粉品种为‘湘林97号’，其次为‘华金’、‘华鑫’；‘湘林97号’的最佳授粉品种为‘华鑫’，其次为‘湘林210’。其中，‘华金’与‘华鑫’、‘华鑫’与‘湘林97号’、‘湘林210’与‘湘林97号’和‘德字1号’与‘湘林210’4组品种间适宜等比例配置。

关键词: 油茶, 品种配置, 授粉, 座果率, 果实品质

Abstract:

Objective: Camellia oleifera is a self-incompatible tree species. In this study, the optimal pollination configuration combinations of five early- to mid-maturing C. oleifera varieties recommended in Hunan Province were systematically investigated, in order to provide practical reference and data support for the variety configuration and standard cultivation of high quality and high yield of C. oleifera in Hunan Province. Method: Five C. oleifera varieties, including ‘Dezi 1’, ‘Huajin’, ‘Huaxin’, ‘Xianglin 210’, and ‘Xianglin 97’, were used as experimental materials. Artificial pollination experiments were conducted based on observations during the flowering period. Various indicators such as the fruit setting rate, fruit development, economic traits, kernel oil content, and fatty acid content were determined. Principal component analysis was employed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of various pollination combinations of C. oleifera varieties. Result: 1) The initial flowering period of ‘Dezi 1’ was on October 14th, which was 3, 9, 12, and 25 days earlier than ‘Huajin’, ‘Huaxin’, ‘Xianglin 210’, and ‘Xianglin 97’, respectively. The peak flowering period for all five varieties was mainly concentrated in November. ‘Huajin’ had the longest peak flowering period, lasting from October 30th to November 26th. However, the initial flowering period and peak flowering period of ‘Xianglin 97’ overlapped with ‘Dezi 1' and ‘Huajin’ for only 9 and 12 days, respectively. 2) The combinations (♀×♂) for the five C. oleifera varieties with highest fruit-setting rate were ‘Dezi 1’×‘Huajin’, ‘Huajin’×‘Dezi 1’, ‘Huaxin’×‘Huajin’, ‘Xianglin 210’×‘Dezi 1’, and ‘Xianglin 97’×‘Huaxin’, and the fruit-setting rate was 44.66%, 43.94%, 31.08%, 16.38%, and 10.05% higher than that of their natural pollination, respectively. Notably, the single fruit weight resulting from 'Huaxin' pollinating 'Xianglin 97' was higher than that of other paternal pollination effects. 3) When ‘Huaxin’ was used to pollinate ‘Huajin’, the oil content of dry kernels and dry seeds of ‘Huajin’ were the highest, significantly higher by 23.57% and 36.89%, respectively, compared to the combination of ‘Huajin’×‘Xianglin 97’ (P<0.05). When ‘Xianglin 210’ and ‘Huajin’ were mutually pollinated, the fruit oil content was highest, both reaching 7.60%. The fruit oil content of ‘Xianglin 97’×‘Huaxin’ was 15.65% and 14.67% higher (P<0.05) than that of the combinations with ‘Xianglin 97’×‘Dezi 1’ and ‘Xianglin 97’×‘Huajin’, respectively. 4) (♀×♂) ‘Dezi 1’×‘Huajin’, ‘Huajin’×‘Huaxin’, ‘Huaxin’×‘Xianglin 97’, and ‘Xianglin 210’×‘Huaxin’ were the combinations that produced significantly higher fruit unsaturated fatty acid content than did the other pollination combinations of varieties (P<0.05). Conclusion: Through comprehensive comparison of flowering periods, fruit-setting rates, fruit yield, and quality indicators, the optimal pollination variety for ‘Dezi 1’ is ‘Huajin’, followed by ‘Xianglin 210’. The best pollination variety for ‘Huajin’ is ‘Huaxin’, followed by ‘Dezi 1’ and ‘Xianglin 210’. The best pollination variety for ‘Huaxin’ is ‘Huajin’, followed by ‘Xianglin 97’, ‘Xianglin 210’ and ‘Dezi 1’. The best pollination variety for ‘Xianglin 210’ is ‘Xianglin 97’, followed by ‘Huajin’ and ‘Huaxin’. The optimal pollination variety for ‘Xianglin 97’ is ‘Huaxin’, followed by ‘Xianglin 210’. Among them, ‘Huajin’ with ‘Huaxin’, ‘Huaxin’ with ‘Xianglin 97’, ‘Xianglin 210’ with ‘Xianglin 97’, and ‘Dezi 1’ with ‘Xianglin 210’ are suitable for equal proportion configurations.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, variety configuration, pollination, fruit setting rate, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S794.4

张婷,李建安,龚玉子,杨昕悦,刘彩霞,王浩宇,谭晓风,李泽. 湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种授粉配置技术[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(4): 153-168.

Ting Zhang,Jian’an Li,Yuzi Gong,Xinyue Yang,Caixia Liu,Haoyu Wang,Xiaofeng Tan,Ze Li. Pollination Configuration Technology of Five Early- to Mid-Maturing Camellia oleifera Varieties Recommended in Hunan Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(4): 153-168.

图/表 10

表1

图1

图2

表2

不同油茶授粉组合的成熟果实表型特征①"

母本 Female	父本 Male	单果质量 Fruit weight/g	横径 Lateral diameter/mm	纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruits shape index
‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	自然授粉 Open pollination	30.00±6.92a	35.44±3.54a	35.48±3.42b	1.00±0.04ab
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	30.03±9.88a	36.94±4.38a	38.52±4.12a	1.05±0.07a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	28.46±4.49a	36.02±3.73a	36.49±2.96ab	1.02±0.08ab
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	29.63±9.67a	37.77±4.35a	37.44±3.46ab	0.99±0.06b
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	32.32±9.74a	38.37±4.15a	39.01±4.60a	1.02±0.07ab
‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	30.09±7.03b	38.22±4.17b	44.00±3.51bc	1.16±0.08a
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	39.83±12.74a	39.02±5.31ab	41.44±5.55c	1.06±0.05c
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	37.75±9.12ab	40.89±5.27ab	45.78±4.79ab	1.12±0.08ab
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	40.78±8.71a	42.99±5.89a	49.11±5.23a	1.15±0.08a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	34.63±10.42ab	39.87±3.88ab	43.25±5.16bc	1.09±0.07bc
‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	35.56±9.85b	42.52±4.87b	36.41±1.12c	0.86±0.06a
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	39.94±11.59ab	43.91±4.42ab	36.68±5.21c	0.84±0.05a
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	40.66±8.50ab	46.34±2.67a	39.18±2.26ab	0.85±0.06a
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	34.48±9.64b	44.14±3.94ab	37.29±3.21bc	0.85±0.06a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	46.76±8.75a	46.70±3.45a	39.77±4.13a	0.85±0.05a
‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	自然授粉 Open pollination	29.63±9.67cd	36.79±1.41b	33.55±1.23c	0.92±0.09a
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	30.00±6.92b	38.12±5.25b	32.00±5.56c	0.85±0.08bc
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	30.03±9.88b	43.17±2.80a	36.15±2.25b	0.84±0.04c
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	28.46±4.49d	45.13±3.60a	40.41±3.77a	0.90±0.07ab
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	32.32±9.74a	45.99±4.70a	37.89±4.42b	0.83±0.06c
‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	自然授粉 Open pollination	26.54±4.44d	35.24±1.98c	40.77±2.43c	1.15±0.07a
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	30.82±6.18cd	37.47±5.80b	42.06±2.78bc	1.12±0.05ab
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	37.41±5.76ab	40.60±2.21a	44.26±2.53ab	1.09±0.04b
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	42.02±7.57a	42.35±3.64a	46.11±3.60a	1.09±0.08b
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	32.66±5.75bc	38.62±4.39b	43.39±2.29b	1.13±0.06ab

表2

图3

表3

不同油茶授粉组合的果实经济性状①"

母本 Female	父本 Male	鲜籽质量 Fresh seed weight/g	鲜仁质量 Fresh kernel weight/g	干籽质量 Dry seed weight/g	干仁质量 Dry kernel weight/g	鲜出籽率 Fresh seed rate (%)	干出籽率 Dry seed rate (%)	鲜籽出仁率 Kernel rate in fresh seed (%)	干籽出仁率 Kernel rate in dry seed (%)
‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	自然授粉 Open pollination	11.67±3.21a	8.13±1.42a	5.38±1.51a	3.11±0.72a	38.64±3.07b	45.99±2.18a	66.46±2.95ab	54.46±3.13ab
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	12.72±4.95a	8.14±3.08a	5.73±2.33a	2.98±1.24a	41.75±3.10a	45.17±4.16a	62.51±4.61b	48.90±5.64b
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	12.09±2.47a	7.15±2.20a	5.28±1.59a	2.57±1.38a	42.31±3.85a	43.30±5.30a	64.73±3.91b	49.78±7.07ab
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	11.42±4.32a	7.43±3.27a	5.03±1.76a	2.60±1.20a	37.99±2.89b	44.53±2.88a	64.02±3.01b	50.72±5.49ab
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	14.07±5.41a	9.69±3.29a	6.29±2.46a	3.62±1.37a	42.80±4.19a	44.50±4.50a	69.00±3.69a	56.01±6.63a
‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	11.40±3.51b	6.84±2.47b	6.11±2.39b	3.48±1.49c	36.93±4.67bc	55.30±5.88ab	62.61±6.61a	56.36±4.08b
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	15.15±5.34a	10.88±2.60a	8.85±4.03a	6.67±2.15a	37.81±3.50bc	56.53±10.93ab	62.26±6.88a	62.62±5.83a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	15.62±3.21a	9.87±1.73a	7.88±1.95ab	5.10±1.01b	42.77±2.91a	55.10±2.65ab	63.70±6.42a	65.23±3.92a
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	17.59±3.77a	10.66±2.34a	9.66±2.15a	6.24±1.24ab	38.14±6.19b	59.60±6.95a	60.58±1.94a	64.94±3.17a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	11.46±4.77b	6.63±2.76b	6.29±2.61b	3.30±1.75c	33.42±8.59c	51.16±8.29b	61.32±11.70a	56.31±3.73b
‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	17.39±5.44ab	12.22±3.51a	6.01±2.03b	2.93±0.91b	48.49±6.28ab	34.74±5.22b	64.73±3.91ab	49.78±7.07b
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	18.38±7.59ab	14.70±5.80a	6.91±3.35ab	4.74±1.23a	44.72±5.11b	37.73±11.75b	66.46±2.95ab	54.46±3.13a
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	20.90±6.09ab	16.24±4.58a	8.22±2.79a	4.64±1.76ab	50.73±5.71a	38.92±5.67b	67.46±3.07ab	48.90±5.64b
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	16.93±6.07b	11.93±3.43a	7.54±2.78ab	4.10±1.48ab	48.32±4.87ab	44.43±2.37a	64.02±3.01b	50.72±5.49ab
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	22.00±6.53a	11.66±3.85a	7.98±2.54ab	2.98±1.43b	46.40±6.95ab	36.22±3.87b	69.00±3.69a	56.01±6.63a
‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	自然授粉 Open pollination	11.42±4.32c	4.45±1.81b	5.03±1.76c	1.89±0.91c	27.80±4.84c	47.89±6.42a	64.02±3.01a	50.72±5.49ab
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	11.67±3.21b	10.46±2.37a	5.38±1.51b	2.85±0.97bc	44.94±2.90a	36.99±4.99b	66.46±2.95a	54.46±3.13a
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	12.72±4.95b	9.35±3.31a	5.73±2.33b	3.73±1.56ab	39.63±3.17b	46.72±7.54a	62.51±4.61a	48.90±5.64b
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	12.09±2.47ab	11.54±3.31a	5.28±1.59b	3.30±1.62ab	39.52±6.38b	35.40±6.56b	64.73±3.91a	49.78±7.07b
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	14.07±5.41a	11.61±3.25a	6.29±2.46a	4.40±1.47a	42.66±4.97ab	43.61±3.25a	69.00±3.69a	56.01±6.63a
‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	自然授粉 Open pollination	10.42±2.10d	6.50±1.19c	5.50±1.07d	2.86±0.67c	39.06±2.23c	53.16±5.75a	69.00±3.69a	56.01±6.63b
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	12.82±3.41cd	8.47±2.01bc	6.19±1.77cd	3.49±0.87bc	41.14±3.84bc	48.17±4.77bc	66.46±2.95a	54.46±3.13ab
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	16.37±3.26b	10.46±2.03ab	7.87±1.76b	4.26±0.90ab	43.51±2.95ab	47.91±2.15c	62.51±4.61a	48.90±5.64ab
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	19.46±4.49a	12.56±3.24a	9.94±2.18a	5.37±1.20a	46.00±3.00a	51.33±4.27ab	64.73±3.91a	49.78±7.07ab
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	13.97±3.37bc	8.86±2.02bc	7.40±1.95bc	4.21±1.22ab	42.29±3.91b	52.83±2.71a	64.02±3.01a	50.72±5.49a

表3

表4

不同油茶授粉组合的果实含油率①"

母本 Female	父本 Male	干仁含油率 Kernel oil content (%)	干籽含油率 Seed oil content (%)	果实含油率 Fruit oil content (%)
‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	自然授粉 Open pollination	43.38±0.60a	20.45±3.74a	4.77±0.67a
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	44.99±2.04a	21.94±1.87a	5.23±0.36a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	45.79±3.26a	21.33±3.83a	5.03±0.71a
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	44.82±1.04a	22.10±1.75a	4.90±0.30a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	45.54±1.30a	19.19±0.89a	4.76±0.17a
‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	43.65±1.70bc	21.45±1.81b	5.36±0.36b
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	46.19±1.04ab	27.27±2.92a	7.06±0.65a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	49.44±2.29a	29.91±1.11a	7.24±0.23a
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	43.75±2.37bc	27.87±1.20a	7.60±0.28a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	40.01±2.16c	21.85±0.44b	5.97±0.08b
‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	41.50±0.47d	22.28±1.02c	5.85±0.15d
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	52.20±0.86a	27.49±0.65a	6.89±0.11b
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	45.33±1.80bc	21.85±0.87c	6.49±0.21c
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	47.05±0.65b	25.25±0.98b	7.43±0.21a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	43.41±0.33cd	18.28±0.21d	5.27±0.03e
‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	自然授粉 Open pollination	40.13±2.39c	19.18±1.20b	6.26±0.21c
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	48.63±0.59a	19.03±0.60b	6.41±0.11c
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	41.71±0.49bc	24.13±1.20a	7.60±0.23a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	45.56±1.96ab	19.36±1.38b	6.59±0.26bc
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	40.60±4.87bc	21.39±2.94ab	7.16±0.57ab
‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	自然授粉 Open pollination	40.58±5.54b	23.55±0.50b	5.88±0.10b
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	47.79±1.57a	26.28±0.44a	5.88±0.76b
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	45.89±2.77ab	23.45±1.53b	5.93±0.32b
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	39.48±4.72b	24.52±1.34ab	6.80±0.32a
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	41.43±3.81ab	23.79±0.85b	6.39±0.19ab

表4

表5

不同油茶授粉组合的果实脂肪酸含量①"

母本 Female	父本 Male	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid (%)	硬脂酸 Stearic acid (%)	油酸 Oleic acid (%)	亚油酸 Linoleic acid (%)	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid (%)	花生烯酸 Arachidonic acid (%)	不饱和脂肪酸 unsaturated fatty acid (%)
‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	自然授粉 Open pollination	7.50±0.03a	2.10±0.03b	84.46±0.06c	5.10±0.05c	0.29±0.01a	0.56±0.05a	90.40±0.03d
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	7.01±0.18c	1.90±0.01c	86.07±0.18a	4.17±0.08d	0.26±0.03a	0.58±0.08a	91.09±0.01a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	7.10±0.03bc	2.09±0.00b	84.40±0.10c	5.51±0.08a	0.26±0.00a	0.64±0.08a	90.81±0.00b
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	7.20±0.02b	2.18±0.00a	85.52±0.03b	4.23±0.01d	0.27±0.00a	0.59±0.01a	90.62±0.00c
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	7.62±0.03a	1.83±0.01d	84.29±0.01c	5.36±0.04b	0.26±0.01a	0.63±0.04a	90.55±0.01cd
‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	8.48±0.08bc	1.98±0.05c	82.21±0.44ab	6.74±0.29a	0.20±0.00b	0.39±0.29ab	89.54±0.05a
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	8.82±0.02ab	2.72±0.05a	80.63±0.28b	7.17±0.28a	0.22±0.01a	0.45±0.28a	88.47±0.05b
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	8.13±0.63bc	1.90±0.12c	83.54±2.30a	5.83±1.76a	0.19±0.01b	0.40±1.76ab	89.96±0.12a
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	9.34±0.09a	1.92±0.04c	80.98±0.81b	7.19±0.69a	0.20±0.00b	0.37±0.69b	88.74±0.04b
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	8.01±0.03c	2.49±0.04b	82.43±0.06ab	6.47±0.03a	0.21±0.00ab	0.40±0.03ab	89.50±0.04a
‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	自然授粉 Open pollination	7.25±0.08d	2.69±0.04a	85.02±0.06a	4.33±0.13e	0.21±0.01d	0.49±0.13ab	90.06±0.04c
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	7.92±0.02b	2.19±0.01c	81.39±0.07d	7.65±0.07a	0.28±0.00a	0.58±0.07a	89.90±0.01d
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	7.74±0.03c	1.79±0.02d	83.94±0.06b	5.89±0.02c	0.27±0.01b	0.37±0.02c	90.46±0.02b
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	8.23±0.04a	2.30±0.03b	83.50±0.06c	5.36±0.01d	0.24±0.00c	0.38±0.01bc	89.46±0.03e
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	6.59±0.11e	2.63±0.05a	84.03±0.10b	6.04±0.04b	0.29±0.01a	0.42±0.04bc	90.78±0.05a
‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	自然授粉 Open pollination	7.84±0.04b	2.65±0.17bc	83.15±0.11c	5.74±0.05b	0.24±0.00b	0.38±0.05b	89.51±0.17bc
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	9.77±0.05a	1.41±0.01d	75.43±0.10e	12.42±0.04a	0.38±0.01a	0.60±0.04a	88.83±0.01d
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	6.91±0.07d	3.74±0.07a	84.85±0.01a	3.97±0.17d	0.18±0.01d	0.36±0.17cd	89.35±0.07c
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	7.55±0.13c	2.52±0.02c	83.96±0.20b	5.40±0.09c	0.20±0.01c	0.36±0.09bc	89.93±0.02a
	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	7.59±0.04c	2.80±0.07b	85.04±0.09d	4.07±0.01d	0.17±0.01e	0.34±0.01d	89.62±0.07b
‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	自然授粉 Open pollination	6.79±0.10d	3.58±0.11a	85.89±0.41a	3.18±0.24e	0.19±0.01b	0.37±0.24d	89.63±0.11cd
	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	8.34±0.02a	1.88±0.02e	82.41±0.05e	6.57±0.03a	0.24±0.00a	0.56±0.03ab	89.78±0.02bc
	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	7.43±0.01b	2.33±0.01d	83.68±0.06d	5.75±0.03b	0.23±0.01a	0.58±0.03a	90.24±0.01a
	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	6.61±0.05e	3.43±0.01b	85.05±0.12b	4.20±0.08d	0.20±0.00b	0.50±0.08bc	89.96±0.01b
	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	7.15±0.07c	3.30±0.03c	84.40±0.08c	4.50±0.06c	0.20±0.01b	0.46±0.06c	89.55±0.03d

表5

表6

表7

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母本 Female	父本 Male					自然授粉 Open pollination
母本 Female	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	自然授粉 Open pollination
‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’	—	‘德字1号’× ‘华金’DH_J	‘德字1号’× ‘华鑫’DH_X	‘德字1号’× ‘湘林210’DX₂	‘德字1号’× ‘湘林97号’DX₉	‘德字1号’ ‘Dezi 1’
‘华金’ ‘Huajin’	‘华金’× ‘德字1号’ H_JD	—	‘华金’× ‘华鑫’H_JH_X^*	‘华金’× ‘湘林210’H_JX₂^*	‘华金’× ‘湘林97号’H_JX₉^*	‘华金’ ‘Huajin’^*
‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’	‘华鑫’× ‘德字1号’ H_XD	‘华鑫’× ‘华金’H_XH_J^*	—	‘华鑫’× ‘湘林210’H_XX₂^*	‘华鑫’× ‘湘林97号’H_XX₉^*	‘华鑫’ ‘Huaxin’^*
‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’	‘湘林210’× ‘德字1号’ X₂D	‘湘林210’× ‘华金’X₂H_J^*	‘湘林210’× ‘华鑫’X₂H_X^*	—	‘湘林210’× ‘湘林97号’X₂X₉^*	‘湘林210’ ‘Xianglin 210’^*
‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’	‘湘林97号’× ‘德字1号’X₉D	‘湘林97号’× ‘华金’X₉H_J	‘湘林97号’× ‘华鑫’X₉H_X	‘湘林97号’× ‘湘林210’X₉X₂	—	‘湘林97号’ ‘Xianglin 97’

项目 Item	第1主成分 Principal component 1	第2主成分 Principal component 2	第3主成分 Principal component 3
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.258	2.229	1.064
方差贡献率 Variance contribution (%)	40.726	27.862	13.295
累计贡献率Cumulative percentage (%)	40.726	68.588	81.883
花期相遇天数载荷NODF load	0.395	?0.331	0.492
座果率载荷Fruit set rate load	0.784	0.361	0.251
单果质量载荷Fruit weight load	0.798	0.040	?0.542
鲜籽质量载荷Fresh seed weight load	0.845	0.385	?0.233
鲜出籽率载荷Fresh seed rate load	0.600	0.689	0.274
干籽出仁率载荷Dry seed kernel rate load	0.486	?0.663	?0.430
种籽含油率载荷Seed oil content load	0.669	?0.538	0.371
不饱和脂肪酸载荷Unsaturated fatty acid load	?0.302	0.797	?0.113

授粉组合 Pollination combinations	各公因子得分 Score of each common factor			综合得分 Comprehensive score	综合排序 Comprehensive order	正反交总分 Total score after reciprocal cross	正反交排序 The order after reciprocal cross
授粉组合 Pollination combinations	Y1	Y2	Y3	综合得分 Comprehensive score	综合排序 Comprehensive order	正反交总分 Total score after reciprocal cross	正反交排序 The order after reciprocal cross
‘德字1号’×‘华金’ DH_J	?1.85	0.87	0.68	?0.42	13	?0.66	6
‘德字1号’×‘湘林210’ DX₂	?2.39	0.75	0.26	?0.73	17	?0.05	5
‘德字1号’×‘湘林97号’ DX₉	?3.02	1.34	?0.88	?0.97	18	?1.64	10
‘德字1号’×‘华鑫’ DH_X	?2.76	0.32	?0.52	?1.11	19	?1.13	8
‘华金’×‘华鑫’ H_JH_X	1.47	?1.28	?1.00	0.11	9	1.64	2
‘华金’×‘德字1号’ H_JD	1.44	?2.79	?0.33	?0.24	11	?0.66	6
‘华金’×‘湘林210’ H_JX₂	1.42	?2.86	?1.29	?0.39	12	?0.93	7
‘华金’×‘湘林97号’ H_JX₉	?2.05	?2.00	?1.30	?1.57	20	?1.16	9
‘华鑫’×‘华金’ H_XH_J	2.23	2.13	0.23	1.53	1	1.64	2
‘华鑫’×‘湘林97号’ H_XX₉	1.89	2.14	?2.09	1.09	3	2.26	1
‘华鑫’×‘湘林210’ H_XX₂	1.70	0.22	1.79	0.99	4	0.49	4
‘华鑫’×‘德字1号’ H_XD	1.54	0.26	?0.12	0.68	6	?0.05	5
‘湘林210’×‘湘林97号’ X₂X₉	0.89	?0.81	1.09	0.28	8	1.17	3
‘湘林210’×‘德字1号’ X₂D	0.00	?0.53	0.97	?0.02	10	?1.13	8
‘湘林210’×‘华鑫’ X₂H_X	?1.19	?0.75	1.46	?0.5	14	0.49	4
‘湘林210’×‘华金’ X₂H_J	?0.86	?1.32	1.30	?0.54	15	?0.93	7
‘湘林97号’×‘华鑫’ X₉H_X	1.96	1.41	?0.13	1.17	2	2.26	1
‘湘林97号’×‘湘林210’ X₉X₂	1.26	1.06	0.57	0.89	5	1.17	3
‘湘林97号’×‘华金’ X₉H_J	0.18	1.29	?0.16	0.41	7	?1.16	9
‘湘林97号’×‘德字1号’ X₉D	?1.84	0.54	?0.51	?0.67	16	?1.64	10

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湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种授粉配置技术

Pollination Configuration Technology of Five Early- to Mid-Maturing Camellia oleifera Varieties Recommended in Hunan Province

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