油茶种间杂交F1代18个优良单株核型分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 油茶种间杂交是油茶种质创新的重要途径, 明晰亲子代染色体遗传变异规律, 有助于指导杂交后代植株的筛选与回交组合的合理配置, 并为后续杂交育种研究提供参考。方法: 以亲本及F₁代18个优良单株的扦插苗根尖为材料, 利用改良去壁低渗染色体制片技术和核型分析软件对亲本及杂交子代的染色体核型特征进行研究, 并利用核型似近系数聚类法分析亲本及杂交子代的染色体遗传与变异。结果: 1) 父本‘华硕’与母本‘攸杂2’的核型类型均为2B型, 以m型染色体占多数, sm型染色体占少数, 母本‘攸杂2’的核型公式为2n=91=53m (4SAT)+38sm (2SAT), 染色体相对长度变化范围为1.26%~2.97%, 臂比值大于2的染色体比例为17.8%, 染色体长度比为2.36, 核型不对称系数为62.36%;父本‘华硕’核型公式为2n=90=62m (2SAT)+28sm (4SAT), 染色体相对长度变化范围为1.50%~3.00%, 臂比值大于2的染色体比例为4.4%, 染色体长度比为2.00, 核型不对称系数为59.38%。2)杂交子代的核型参数多数介于父本与母本之间, 以m型和sm型染色体为主, 少数有st型染色体, 且在杂交子代中出现sm型染色体数目大于m型的情况(YH-14和YH-18);染色体相对长度的变异幅度较大, 总体为1.05%~3.32%, 以M1和M2型染色体居多; 核型不对称系数变异范围为61.01%~63.38%, 核型类型为2A或2B型。3)核型聚类分析结果表明, 在核型似近系数为0.966 0, 距离系数为0.034 0时, 可分为两大类: 其中绝大部分杂交子代均与母本‘攸杂2’聚为一类, 仅有YH-11、YH-15与父本‘华硕’聚为一类。结论: 大部分杂交子代的核型参数介于父本与母本之间, 少数杂交子代的核型出现较大变异。此外, 杂交子代群体中绝大部分单株的染色体核型与母本‘攸杂2’更相近, 仅少数核型与父本‘华硕’更相近。此结果可为油茶杂交育种工作、创制油茶新种质提供相应的理论基础。

关键词: 油茶, 种间杂交, 染色体, 核型

Abstract:

Objective: Interspecific hybridization of Camellia oleifera is an important way of germplasm innovation. This study aims to clarify the law of genetic variation of parental and offspring chromosome, which could help guide the selection of descendant materials and the configuration of backcross combination, and provide reference for the subsequent cross breeding research. Method: The root tips of cuttings of parents and 18 excellent F1 plants were selected as materials, the chromosome karyotype characteristics of parents and hybrids were studied by means of an improved chromosome preparation technique and karyotype analysis software, and the chromosomal inheritance and variation of parents and hybrids were analyzed by karyotype near coefficient clustering. Results: 1) The karyotype of male parent 'Huashuo' and female parent 'Youza 2' was 2B type, with m-type chromosome in the majority and sm-type chromosome in the minority. The karyotype formula of female parent 'Youza 2' was 2n = 91 = 53m (4SAT) + 38sm (2SAT). The variation range of chromosome relative length was 1.26% ~ 2.97%, the proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio greater than 2 was 17.8%, the chromosome length ratio was 2.36, and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 62.36%. The karyotype formula of male parent 'Huashuo' was 2n = 90 = 62m (2SAT) + 28sm (4SAT), the relative length of chromosomes ranged from 1.50% to 3.00%, the proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio greater than 2 was 4.4%, the ratio of chromosome length was 2.00, and the asymmetry coefficient of karyotype was 59.38%. 2) Most of the karyotype parameters of hybrid progenies were between male and female parents, most of chromosomes were m-type and sm-type, a few of chromosomes were st-type. The number of sm-type chromosomes was greater than that of m-type ones in some hybrid progenies (YH-14 and YH-18). The variation range of chromosome length was large, with generally in 1.05%~3.32%, most of which were M1 and M2 chromosomes. The variation range of the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 61.01%~63.38%, and the karyotype was 2A or 2B type. 3) The results of karyotype cluster analysis showed that when the similarity coefficient of karyotype was 0.9660 and the distance coefficient was 0.0340, the hybrid progenies could be divided into two groups: most of them were clustered with the female parent 'Youza 2', only YH-11 and YH -15 were clustered with male parent 'Huashuo' into the other group. Conclusion: The karyotype parameters of most of the hybrid progenies are between the male and female parents, and the karyotype parameters of a few hybrid progenies vary greatly. In addition, the karyotypes of most individual plants in the hybrid progeny population are more similar to that of the female parent 'Youza 2', and only a few are more similar to that of the male parent 'Huashuo'. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the cross breeding of Camellia oleifera and the creation of new Camellia oleifera germplasm.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, interspecific hybridization, chromosome, karyotype

中图分类号:

S794.4

李艳民,袁德义,叶天文,陈雅,韩春霞,肖诗鑫. 油茶种间杂交F₁代18个优良单株核型分析[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(4): 165-174.

Yanmin Li,Deyi Yuan,Tianwen Ye,Ya Chen,Chunxia Han,Shixin Xiao. Karyotype Analysis of 18 Excellent Individuals in F1 Generation of Interspecific Hybridization of Oil-Tea (Camellia oleifera)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(4): 165-174.

图/表 4

表1

亲本及杂交子代核型参数"

材料编号 Materials No.	染色体数目 Chromosome number	相对长度 Chromosome length(%)	AAR	PCA	LC/SC	AKC(%)	CI(%)	染色体相对长度组成 Chromosome type	核型公式 Karyotypic formulation	KC
YZ2	91	1.26~2.97	1.67	0.178	2.36	62.36	29.86~44.04	6L+40M2+38M1+7S	2n=6x+1=91=53m(4SAT)+38sm(2SAT)	2B
HS	90	1.50~3.00	1.48	0.044	2.00	59.38	32.14~47.15	6L+40M2+42M1+2S	2n=6x=90=62m(2SAT)+28sm(4SAT)	2B
YH-1	91	1.47~2.95	1.72	0.176	2.00	62.68	26.97~43.77	8L+34M2+46M1+3S	2n=6x+1=91=47m+44sm(6SAT)	2B
YH-2	91	1.49~2.93	1.68	0.154	1.97	62.05	26.01~43.60	4L+38M2+48M1+1S	2n=6x+1=91=63m+28sm(6SAT)	2A
YH-3	90	1.43~3.18	1.61	0.089	2.22	61.34	31.78~44.35	4L+38M2+42M1+6S	2n=6x=90=62m+28sm4SAT)	2B
YH-4	90	1.55~2.99	1.62	0.111	1.93	61.32	30.42~45.22	4L+38M2+42M1+6S	2n=6x=90=60m+30sm(4SAT)	2A
YH-5	90	1.49~3.03	1.60	0.067	2.03	61.01	30.66~48.88	6L+36M2+44M1+4S	2n=6x=90=60m+30sm(6SAT)	2B
YH-6	90	1.29~3.32	1.63	0.044	2.57	61.81	30.44~45.53	8L+34M2+42M1+6S	2n=6x=90=60m+30sm(4SAT)	2B
YH-7	91	1.31~2.96	1.72	0.187	2.26	61.92	22.01~47.00	4L+40M2+44M1+3S	2n=6x+1=91=58m+32sm(2SAT)+st	2B
YH-8	91	1.34~3.06	1.66	0.110	2.28	61.86	30.06~44.86	8L+34M2+44M1+5S	2n=6x+1=91=53m+38sm(4SAT)	2B
YH-9	90	1.59~3.09	1.63	0.111	1.94	61.40	30.10~45.48	6L+38M2+42M1+4S	2n=6x=90=60m+30sm(6SAT)	2A
YH-10	90	1.58~3.18	1.64	0.133	2.01	61.54	30.03~45.84	4L+40M2+42M1+4S	2n=6x=90=56m+34sm(5SAT)	2B
YH-11	91	1.51~2.94	1.60	0.066	1.95	61.06	29.84~47.84	6L+36M2+46M1+3S	2n=6x+1=91=61m+30sm(2SAT)	2A
YH-12	92	1.54~3.02	1.71	0.196	1.96	62.31	24.72~44.75	4L+38M2+44M1+6S	2n=6x+2=92=50m+40sm(2SAT)+2st	2A
YH-13	90	1.45~3.03	1.72	0.156	2.09	62.62	27.25~45.08	6L+38M2+42M1+4S	2n=6x=90=48m+42sm(2SAT)	2B
YH-14	90	1.45~3.19	1.78	0.244	2.20	63.38	26.84~44.42	6L+34M2+46M1+4S	2n=6x=90=38m+52sm(6SAT)	2B
YH-15	90	1.57~2.94	1.64	0.078	1.87	61.72	31.12~45.33	6L+36M2+44M1+4S	2n=6x=90=56m+34sm (2SAT)	2A
YH-16	90	1.39~3.20	1.69	0.133	2.30	62.28	26.62~44.14	6L+34M2+44M1+6S	2n=6x=90=54m+36sm(2SAT)	2B
YH-17	90	1.53~3.09	1.75	0.311	2.02	62.82	27.76~44.17	4L+40M2+42M1+4S	2n=6x=90=48m+42sm(4SAT)	2B
YH-18	91	1.05~2.89	1.73	0.264	2.75	62.99	27.55~47.38	8L+36M2+42M1+5S	2n=6x+1=91=43m+48sm(4SAT)	2B

表1

图1

表2

核型似近系数与进化距离①"

	HS	YZ2	YH-1	YH-2	YH-3	YH-4	YH-5	YH-6	YH-7	YH-8	YH-9	YH-10	YH-11	YH-12	YH-13	YH-14	YH-15	YH-16	YH-17	YH-18
HS	-	0.037 9	0.043 7	0.033 9	0.031 9	0.033 1	0.029 7	0.036 5	0.037 4	0.033 4	0.034 3	0.036 9	0.020 7	0.041 8	0.050 6	0.063 1	0.027 4	0.046 6	0.056 8	0.047 6
YZ2	0.962 8	-	0.017 1	0.008 8	0.004	0.004 9	0.011 9	0.013 2	0.007 8	0.007 4	0.011 9	0.012 6	0.022 5	0.010 5	0.027 4	0.039 2	0.030 5	0.022 6	0.034 7	0.017 4
YH-1	0.957 3	0.983	-	0.019	0.017 6	0.018 9	0.022 1	0.010 8	0.015 9	0.017 3	0.013	0.011 5	0.029 9	0.012	0.02	0.031 1	0.039 1	0.014 5	0.026 9	0.005 3
YH-2	0.966 6	0.991 3	0.981 2	-	0.01	0.011 2	0.005 9	0.015 9	0.012 7	0.005 6	0.014 5	0.015 6	0.018 9	0.015 3	0.031 8	0.041 5	0.028 6	0.026 0	0.039 2	0.022 0
YH-3	0.968 6	0.996	0.982 6	0.990 1	-	0.001 8	0.010 3	0.010 2	0.006 3	0.009 2	0.008 5	0.009 9	0.022 2	0.011 6	0.025 8	0.036 2	0.028 5	0.020 4	0.031 8	0.02
YH-4	0.967 4	0.995 2	0.981 2	0.988 8	0.998 2	-	0.010 8	0.010 9	0.005 7	0.009 6	0.008 6	0.01	0.023 4	0.011 1	0.026 4	0.037 4	0.029 7	0.021 1	0.032 1	0.020 7
YH-5	0.970 8	0.988 2	0.978 1	0.994 2	0.989 8	0.989 2	-	0.015 6	0.013 3	0.008 4	0.013 8	0.014 6	0.020 4	0.016 7	0.029 1	0.038 5	0.026 4	0.023 4	0.035 9	0.024 6
YH-6	0.964 1	0.986 9	0.989 2	0.984 2	0.989 8	0.989 1	0.984 6	-	0.011	0.015 6	0.006 4	0.003 9	0.026 8	0.008 2	0.020 7	0.031 6	0.030 8	0.014 6	0.028 1	0.012 9
YH-7	0.963 3	0.992 2	0.984 2	0.987 3	0.993 7	0.994 3	0.986 8	0.989	-	0.010 6	0.007 2	0.009 7	0.024 5	0.008 1	0.025 7	0.037 8	0.032 2	0.021 5	0.029 9	0.017 7
YH-8	0.967 2	0.992 6	0.982 9	0.994 4	0.990 9	0.990 4	0.991 7	0.984 5	0.989 5	-	0.012 5	0.014 8	0.020 7	0.012 8	0.028	0.039 1	0.029 7	0.023 6	0.034 8	0.019 5
YH-9	0.966 3	0.988 2	0.987 1	0.985 6	0.991 6	0.991 5	0.986 3	0.993 7	0.992 8	0.987 6	-	0.005 1	0.026 3	0.002 8	0.021 6	0.034	0.031	0.016 8	0.029 2	0.015 9
YH-10	0.963 8	0.987 5	0.988 6	0.984 5	0.990 2	0.990 1	0.985 5	0.996 1	0.990 3	0.985 3	0.994 9	-	0.028 4	0.006 1	0.021	0.031 2	0.031 4	0.016	0.028 2	0.014 6
YH-11	0.979 5	0.977 7	0.970 5	0.981 3	0.978	0.976 9	0.979 8	0.973 6	0.975 8	0.979 5	0.974 1	0.972	-	0.027 2	0.043 2	0.051 4	0.012 2	0.036 7	0.048 1	0.031 8
YH-12	0.959	0.989 5	0.988	0.984 8	0.988 5	0.989	0.983 4	0.991 9	0.991 9	0.987 3	0.997 2	0.993 9	0.973 1	-	0.025	0.036 7	0.035 3	0.020 6	0.031 3	0.014 5
YH-13	0.950 6	0.973	0.980 2	0.968 7	0.974 6	0.974	0.971 3	0.979 5	0.974 6	0.972 4	0.978 6	0.979 2	0.957 7	0.975 3	-	0.018 3	0.044 7	0.009 6	0.013 7	0.019 1
YH-14	0.938 8	0.961 6	0.969 3	0.959 3	0.964 4	0.963 3	0.962 2	0.968 9	0.962 9	0.961 7	0.966 6	0.969 2	0.949 9	0.964	0.981 8	-	0.055 3	0.022	0.012 7	0.029 6
YH-15	0.973	0.97	0.961 7	0.971 8	0.971 9	0.970 7	0.974	0.969 6	0.968 3	0.970 7	0.969 5	0.969 1	0.987 9	0.965 3	0.956 2	0.946 2	-	0.038 6	0.051 8	0.039 5
YH-16	0.954 5	0.977 6	0.985 6	0.974 4	0.979 8	0.979 1	0.976 9	0.985 5	0.978 7	0.976 7	0.983 3	0.984 1	0.964	0.979 6	0.990 5	0.978 2	0.962 1	-	0.019 1	0.014
YH-17	0.944 8	0.965 9	0.973 5	0.961 6	0.968 7	0.968 4	0.964 7	0.972 3	0.970 5	0.965 8	0.971 2	0.972 2	0.953 1	0.969 2	0.986 4	0.987 4	0.949 5	0.981 1	-	0.026 4
YH-18	0.953 5	0.982 7	0.994 7	0.978 3	0.980 2	0.979 5	0.975 7	0.987 2	0.982 4	0.980 7	0.984 2	0.985 5	0.968 7	0.985 6	0.981 1	0.970 9	0.961 3	0.986 1	0.973 9	-

表2

图2

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油茶种间杂交F₁代18个优良单株核型分析

Karyotype Analysis of 18 Excellent Individuals in F1 Generation of Interspecific Hybridization of Oil-Tea (Camellia oleifera)

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