林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 13-23.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211102
芦琛1,蒋小董2,吴冠宇3,郝爽敬1,丁宏博1,佟小刚1,*
收稿日期:
2020-06-11
出版日期:
2021-11-25
发布日期:
2022-01-12
通讯作者:
佟小刚
基金资助:
Chen Lu1,Xiaodong Jiang2,Guanyu Wu3,Shuangjing Hao1,Hongbo Ding1,Xiaogang Tong1,*
Received:
2020-06-11
Online:
2021-11-25
Published:
2022-01-12
Contact:
Xiaogang Tong
摘要:
目的: 研究黄土丘陵区不同退耕还林植被恢复对表层土壤碳氮、水溶性有机质含量及其有机组成和荧光特性的影响,以期揭示退耕林地土壤累积水溶性有机碳氮的效应和机理,为退耕还林类型选择及生态功能评估提供科学依据。方法: 选择人工退耕还林19年的山杏、沙棘、油松、杨树、刺槐纯林和刺槐×山桃混交林及对照撂荒地,对比分析表层土壤(0~20 cm)的有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、水溶性有机碳(WDOC)和水溶性有机氮(WDON)含量差异;基于三维荧光光谱技术和平行因子法探究不同退耕林地土壤水溶性有机质(WDOM)的有机组分及其荧光指数(API)、自身生产力指数(BIX)、新鲜度指数(β:α)和腐殖化指数(HI)的异同。结果: 除山杏林地外,其他林地土壤的SOC和TN含量相比撂荒地平均增加131.1%和106.0%;仅山杏林地未能提高WDOC含量,刺槐×山桃混交林地WDOC含量增幅最大,达108.9%;刺槐纯林和刺槐×山桃混交林地的WDON分别比撂荒地增加173.5%和105.8%(P<0.05)。各林地土壤的WDOC/SOC百分比为0.30%~0.37%,WDON/TN百分比为0.29%~0.64%,2种比例均比撂荒地小。所有林地土壤的SOC:TN为14.1~20.2,均显著高于WDOC:WDON的9.0~16.5(P<0.05),油松林地土壤的SOC:TN和WDOC:WDON最高,分别比撂荒地高44.1%和98.9%。三维荧光分析显示,退耕林地WDOM主要由稳定性强的大分子芳香性腐殖质(C1)、低分子量富里酸和腐殖酸(C2)、类色氨酸(C3)组成;所有样地均以C1组分占比最大,且除沙棘林地外,其他林地CI组分占比相比撂荒地平均增加45.1%(P<0.05),C3组分占比最低,且各林地均比撂荒地低。不同退耕林地土壤水溶性有机质的荧光指数(FI)、新鲜度指数(β:α)和自身生产力指数(API)无显著差异(P<0.05),分别为1.60~1.69、0.57~0.62和0.56~0.61,腐殖化指数(HI)表现为杨树、山杏林地显著高于其他林地。进一步相关分析表明,WDOC和WDON分别与SOC、TN极显著正相关(P<0.01)和显著正相关(P<0.05),C2组分与WDOC和WDON显著负相关(P<0.05);WDOC:WDON与SOC:TN显著正相关(P<0.05),但与WDON/TN显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论: 相比自然恢复的撂荒地,退耕林地土壤均表现出总有机碳和全氮的累积效应,可显著提升土壤WDOC含量,特别是刺槐林和刺槐×山桃混交林地可同时提升WDOC和WDON含量;杨树、山杏林地土壤WDOM表现出相对较高的腐殖化程度;退耕还林亦使土壤水溶性有机质趋向组成复杂和结构稳定,抗分解性提高,有利于土壤碳氮累积。
中图分类号:
芦琛,蒋小董,吴冠宇,郝爽敬,丁宏博,佟小刚. 黄土丘陵区不同退耕林地表土水溶性有机质含量及光谱特征差异[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(11): 13-23.
Chen Lu,Xiaodong Jiang,Guanyu Wu,Shuangjing Hao,Hongbo Ding,Xiaogang Tong. Content and Spectral Properties of Water Dissolved Organic Matters in Surface Soil of Various Cropland-Converted Forest in the Loess Hilly Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 13-23.
表1
样地概况"
植被类型 Vegetation types | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 坡度 Slope/ (°) | 坡向 Aspect/(°) | 林分密度 Stand density/hm-2 | 树高 Tree height/m | 胸径 DBH/cm | pH | 土壤密度 Soil density/(g·cm-3) | 林下主要草本 Main herbs under the forest |
撂荒地 Abandoned land | 109°21′24″E, 36°52′12″N | 36 | 北偏西12° North by west 12° | — | — | — | 8.3 | 1.25 | 铁杆蒿、胡枝子、野艾篙 Artemisia gmelinii, Lespedeza bicolor, Artemisia lavandulaefolia |
山杏林 A. sibirica forest | 109°21′27″E, 36°52′20″N | 33 | 南偏东64° South by east 64° | 770 | 3.1 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 1.27 | 铁杆蒿、长芒草 A. gmelinii, Stipa bungeana |
沙棘林 H. rhamnoides forest | 109°25′27″E, 36°51′47″N | 27 | 北偏西5° North by west 5° | 2 200 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 8.1 | 1.10 | 胡枝子、长芒草 L. bicolor, S.bungeana |
油松林 P. tabulaeformis forest | 109°20′7″E, 36°51′20″N | 28 | 南偏西80° South by west 80° | 1 817 | 4.1 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 1.15 | 长芒草、野艾蒿 S. bungeana、A. lavandulaefolia |
杨树林 P. simonii forest | 109°20′30″E, 36°51′48″N | 35 | 北偏西20° North by west 20° | 822 | 11.3 | 17.6 | 8.1 | 1.13 | 狗尾草、长芒草 Setaria viridis, S. bungeana |
刺槐林 R. pseudoacacia forest | 109°21′27″E, 36°52′10″N | 27 | 北偏东80° North by east 80° | 1 200 | 9.9 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 1.27 | 铁杆蒿、达乌里胡枝子 A. gmelinii, Lespedeza davurica |
刺槐×山桃混交林 R. pseudoacacia×A.davidiana mixed forests | 109°21′26″E, 36°52′12″N | 27 | 北偏东80° North by east 80° | 1 333 | 刺槐 R. pseudoacacia: 9.1 | 刺槐 R. pseudoacacia: 10.5 | 7.9 | 1.23 | 葎草、野艾蒿、铁杆蒿 Humulus scandens、A.lavandulaefolia、A. gmelinii |
山桃 A. davidiana: 2.7 | 山桃 A. davidiana: 5.1 |
表2
各植被类型水溶性有机质的4个荧光指标①"
指标 Index | 撂荒地 Abandoned land | 山杏林 A. sibirica forest | 沙棘林 H. rhamnoides forest | 油松林 P. tabulaeformis forest | 杨树林 P. simonii forest | 刺槐林 R. pseudoacacia forest | 刺槐×山桃 R. pseudoacacia×A. davidiana mixed forests |
荧光指数 Fluorescence index(FI) | 1.63±0.04a | 1.68±0.03a | 1.62±0.03a | 1.69±0.04a | 1.65±0.05a | 1.64±0.04a | 1.60±0.04a |
腐殖化指数 Humification index(HI) | 4.23±0.56b | 5.86±0.39a | 4.56±0.37b | 3.95±0.40b | 5.70±0.48a | 4.69±0.24b | 4.53±0.40b |
新鲜度指数 Freshness index(β:α) | 0.59±0.01a | 0.61±0.01a | 0.56±0.03a | 0.59±0.03a | 0.56±0.05a | 0.57±0.02a | 0.58±0.01a |
自身生产力指数 Autotrophic productivity index(API) | 0.60±0.01a | 0.62±0.01a | 0.57±0.03b | 0.60±0.03a | 0.57±0.05a | 0.58±0.02a | 0.59±0.01a |
表3
土壤水溶性有机质荧光光谱指标与碳氮特征相关性分析①"
指标 Index | WDOC | WDON | SOC | TN | WDOC/SOC | WDON/TN | SOC∶TN | WDOC∶WDON | FI | HI | β∶α | API | C1 | C2 | C3 |
WDOC | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||
WDON | 0.650** | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
SOC | 0.921** | 0.508* | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
TN | 0.906** | 0.528* | 0.952** | 1.000 | |||||||||||
WDOC/SOC | -0.411 | -0.073 | -0.685** | -0.598** | 1.000 | ||||||||||
WDON/TN | -0.238 | 0.471* | -0.449* | -0.451* | 0.644** | 1.000 | |||||||||
SOC∶TN | 0.650** | 0.077 | 0.747** | 0.599** | -0.597** | -0.600** | 1.000 | ||||||||
WDOC∶WDON | 0.280 | -0.497* | 0.400 | 0.354 | -0.417 | -0.867** | 0.697** | 1.000 | |||||||
FI | -0.186 | -0.337 | -0.032 | -0.076 | -0.106 | -0.301 | 0.223 | 0.332 | 1.000 | ||||||
HI | -0.105 | -0.154 | -0.150 | -0.118 | 0.003 | -0.136 | 0.039 | 0.083 | 0.158 | 1.000 | |||||
β∶α | -0.276 | -0.183 | -0.287 | -0.328 | 0.062 | 0.161 | -0.171 | -0.110 | 0.301 | 0.041 | 1.000 | ||||
API | -0.347 | -0.224 | -0.362 | -0.406 | 0.138 | 0.198 | -0.184 | -0.126 | 0.335 | 0.111 | 0.976** | 1.000 | |||
C1 | 0.418 | 0.258 | 0.401 | 0.293 | -0.343 | -0.150 | 0.666** | 0.271 | 0.191 | 0.281 | 0.315 | 0.302 | 1.000 | ||
C2 | -0.876** | -0.552** | -0.811** | -0.734** | 0.364 | 0.174 | -0.726** | -0.348 | 0.045 | -0.103 | 0.093 | 0.131 | -0.681** | 1.000 | |
C3 | -0.306 | -0.187 | -0.299 | -0.192 | 0.315 | 0.136 | -0.610** | -0.238 | -0.221 | -0.295 | -0.369 | -0.361 | -0.991** | 0.576** | 1.000 |
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