关键词: 人工绿洲, 林果产业, 土地利用, 动态度, 转移矩阵, 重心模型

Abstract:

Objective: The main purpose of this paper was to explore the spatial-temporal changes of forestry and fruit industry land in Luntai artificial oasis in the watershed of Dina River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, hoping to evaluate the development of forestry and fruit industry and provide basic data and theoretical basis for the further research of forestry and fruit industry sustainable development in small watershed. Method: The land use information of forestry and fruit industry was extracted from the remote sensing images (obtained in August 1992, August 1998, September 2007 and August 2018) and unmanned aerial vehicle data (obtained in July and August 2018 in the field survey) by means of visual interpretation supported by RS and GIS, and the spatial-temporal changes within 26 years of forestry and fruit industry were further analyzed via mathematical statistic, dynamic degree, transfer matrix and gravity center model. Result: 1) The area of forestry and fruit industry increased in the past 26 years from 2 138 hm² in 1992 to 7 626 hm² in 2018. In 1992, 10% of artificial oasis was occupied by forestry and fruit industry, this rate increased to 14% in 1998 and 18% in 2007, but followed by a decrease to 12% in 2018.2) From 1992 to 2007, the annual average growth rate of forestry and fruit industry (11%) was higher than that of artificial oasis (4%-5%) in area. From 2007 to 2018, the situation reversed that the annual average growth rate of forestry and fruit industry (1%) was much less than that of artificial oasis (7%) in area. 3) In the past 26 years, the land that transferred into forestry and fruit industry (6 645 hm²) was far more than the land that transferred out of forestry and fruit industry (1 362 hm²). Farm land (2 671 hm²), unused land inside artificial oasis (2 345 hm²) and land outside artificial oasis (1 421 hm²) were the main sources supporting the expansion of forest and fruit industry. The land that transferred out of forestry and fruit industry was mainly farmland (918 hm²). 4) The distribution center as well as radiation distance for forestry and fruit industry changed little over the 26 years. Conclusion: In the past 26 years, the forestry and fruit industry in Luntai artificial oasis in the watershed of Dina River developed rapidly and experienced 3 stages:the rapid development stage(1992-1998), the leapfrog development stage(1998-2007) and the stable development stage(2007-2018). The forestry and fruit industry was mainly influenced by policy and its trend was the same as that in its located place, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The expansion of the artificial oasis was mainly due to the expansion of farmland rather than the development of forestry and fruit industry. Most of the expansion area of forestry and fruit industry was generated from farmland and unused land inside the artificial oasis, and a small amount came from gobi desert area outside the artificial area. Compared with sandy desert, gobi desert was more appropriate for forestry and fruit industry development.

Key words: artificial oasis, forestry and fruits industry, land use, dynamic degree, transition matrix, gravity center model