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林业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 55-64.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220159

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青檀叶片饲用营养价值分析与优良无性系筛选

乔谦1,2, 程甜甜3, 燕语3, 于永畅4, 武冲1, 刘庆忠1, 张林3, 刘燕2   

  1. 1. 山东省农业科学院果树研究所 泰安 271000;
    2. 北京林业大学园林学院 北京 10083;
    3. 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院 泰安 271000;
    4. 泰山学院 泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-21 修回日期:2022-10-19 发布日期:2024-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘燕
  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业良种工程（2019LZGC01804）；山东省重点研发计划（2021LZGC02304）；泰安市科技发展计划（2021NS104）。

Analysis of Nutritional Value of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Leaves for Feeding and Selection of the Elite Clones

Qiao Qian1,2, Cheng Tiantian3, Yan Yu3, Yu Yongchang4, Wu Chong1, Liu Qingzhong1, Zhang Lin3, Liu Yan2   

  1. 1. Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tai′an 271000;
    2. College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    3. Taishan Forestry Science Institute Tai’an 271000;
    4. TaiShan University Tai′an 271018
  • Received:2022-03-21 Revised:2022-10-19 Published:2024-03-13

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摘要： 目的 全面分析与评价青檀叶片的饲用营养价值，为青檀用作木本饲料提供数据支撑。方法 对10个青檀无性系进行叶片营养成分、抗氧化活性、次生代谢产物组分和含量、氨基酸成分和含量的测定，并采用质量评价指标综合评价其饲用特性。结果 1） 不同青檀无性系叶片各营养成分指标均达到极显著差异，粗蛋白含量介于10.15%~24.36%，平均为17.60%，其中‘福缘’（24.36%）和‘WT’（24.33%）含量最高；粗脂肪含量介于7.98%~11.45%，平均为9.31%；粗纤维含量较低，平均为4.08%；无氮浸出物含量平均为49.69%；中性洗涤纤维含量的品种间差异最大，介于17.76%~67.67%，平均为45.51%；酸洗洗涤纤维含量的差异较小，平均为24.07%；全磷和钙含量平均值分别为0.173 3%和5.863 3%；单宁含量远低于拒食标准，平均为2.926 0 g·kg?1。2） 饲用质量评价指标无性系间均有极显著差异，10个无性系中有4个达到美国牧草和草地协会（AFGC）干草1级标准，分别为‘WT’、‘金玉缘’、‘慧光’和‘巨龙’。3） 抗氧化活性综合指数法（APC）评价认为，‘大叶’、‘巨龙’和‘青龙’叶片抗氧化能力强，‘无量’、‘金玉缘’和‘慧光’叶片抗氧化能力弱。4） 青檀叶片总类黄酮和5个黄酮类物质含量在无性系间均有极显著差异，具有筛选高生物活性物质的基础；总类黄酮含量平均为9.92 mg·g?1，5种物质中绿原酸含量最高（710.96 μg·g?1），其次是异鼠李素（27.12 μg·g?1），儿茶素（16.53 μg·g?1）、槲皮素（9.09 μg·g?1），咖啡酸含量极低，仅为1.73 μg·g?1。5） 检测到18种游离氨基酸和19种水解氨基酸，平均总量分别为47.87 mg·g?1和108.20 mg·g?1，且总含量在无性系间均有极显著差异；两类氨基酸组分中均以异亮氨酸、亮氨酸含量最高。结论 青檀叶片具有粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙含量高，粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、单宁含量低的特点，饲用评价指标综合等级达到1级标准，具备发展成为优良木本饲料树种的物质基础；初步筛选出‘WT’、‘福缘’和‘巨龙’ 3个优异无性系。

关键词: 青檀, 木本饲料, 营养成分, 粗蛋白, 氨基酸, 饲用价值

Abstract: Objective In order to fully develop and utilize the economic value of Pteroceltis tatarinowii and open up new resources of feed production, the nutritional value of P. tatarinowii leaves for feeding was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, so as to provide data support for P. tatarinowii to be used as woody feed.Method In this study, the nutritional components, antioxidant activities, components and contents of secondary metabolites and amino acids in leaves of 10 clones were determined, and their feeding characteristics were comprehensively evaluated by quality evaluation indexes.Result 1） There were extremely significant differences in different nutritional indicators of leaves among different clones of P. tatarinowii. Crude protein content ranged from 10.15% to 24.36%, with an average of 17.60%, and among the clones 'Fuyuan' (24.36%) and 'WT' (24.33%) had the highest content. Crude fat ranged from 7.98% to 11.45%, with an average of 9.31%. The crude fiber content was low, with an average of 4.08%. The average value of nitrogen-free extract was 49.69%. The difference of neutral detergent fiber among clones was the greatest, ranging from 17.76% to 67.67%, with an average of 45.51%. The difference of acid detergent fiber was small, with an average of 24.07%. The average total phosphorus content and calcium content were 0.1733% and 5.8633%, respectively. Tannin content was far lower than the standard of antifeeding, with an average of 2.9260 g·kg?1. 2）There were significant differences in the evaluation indicators of feed quality among clones, and 4 out of 10 clones reached the level 1 standard of AFGC, namely 'WT', 'Jinyuyuan', 'Huiguang' and 'Julong'. 3) The antioxidant activity composite index (APC) showed that leaves of 'Daye', 'Julong' and 'Qinglong' had strong antioxidant capacity, while leaves of 'Wuliang', 'Jinyuyuan' and 'Huiguang' had weak antioxidant capacity. 4) There were significant differences in total flavonoids and five flavonoid substances in the leaves among clones, which provided the basis for screening high bioactive substances. The average content of total flavonoids was 9.92 mg·g?1. The content of chlorogenic acid was the highest (710.96 μg·g?1), followed by isorhamnetin (27.12 μg·g?1), catechin (16.53 μg·g?1) and quercetin (9.09 μg·g?1). The caffeic acid content was very low, only 1.73 μg·g?1. 5) A total of 18 kinds of free amino acids and 19 kinds of hydrolyzed amino acids were detected, with an average total amount of 47.87 mg·g?1 and 108.20 mg·g?1, respectively. And the total contents of the two kinds of amino acids were significantly different among clones. The contents of isoleucine and leucine were the highest in the two kinds of amino acids. Conclusion The leaves of P. tatarinowii have high content of crude protein, crude fat and calcium, and low content of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and tannin, and the comprehensive grade of feeding evaluation index has reached grade 1 standard. It is concluded that P. tatarinowii has the material foundation to develop into an elite woody fodder species. Three elite clones, 'WT', 'Fuyuan' and 'Julong', have been selected preliminarily.

Key words: Pteroceltis tatarinowii, woody forage, nutritional composition, crude protein, amino acid, forage value

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