脱水方式和贮藏时间对苦槠种子发芽的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210457

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究不同脱水方式和低温贮藏条件下苦槠种子的活力状态，为亚热带地区顽拗性种子收集和保存提供理论基础和技术支撑。方法: 以苦槠种子为供试材料，比较种子在脱水和冷藏前后的萌发能力，分析贮藏温度（常温20 ℃和低温4 ℃）和冷藏时间（7、14、30、60、90 天）、脱水速率（快速和慢速）和脱水时间（1、2、4、8、12、24、48、96 h）及低温与脱水交互作用下种子发芽率和发芽指数，探究脱水方式与冷藏处理相互作用对种子萌发的影响。结果: 1）低温贮藏、脱水时间及其交互作用对种子发芽率和发芽指数具有显著影响；2）常温贮藏时，快速脱水后种子发芽率和发芽指数与未脱水相比显著提高；3）与未冷藏种子相比，冷藏处理抑制快速脱水种子萌发，对未脱水和慢速脱水处理1~48 h种子发芽率基本无显著影响，慢速脱水96 h冷藏后种子基本失活；快速脱水后未冷藏种子发芽率最高（68.80%），冷藏后发芽率显著降低；冷藏30天时显著降低种子发芽率和发芽指数；4）同一冷藏处理下（除冷藏30天），短期快速脱水处理的种子发芽率和发芽指数与未脱水相比显著升高或无显著差异，脱水时间延长会使种子活力大幅降低或丧失；慢速脱水时的种子发芽率和发芽指数一般均显著低于未脱水种子。结论: 常温贮藏时，快速脱水明显促进种子萌发；低温贮藏和脱水处理方式存在交互作用，短期快速脱水且冷藏处理利于种子萌发，慢速脱水后4 ℃冷藏处理则降低种子活力。苦槠种子可在常温快速脱水和短期快速脱水4 ℃冷藏条件下保存。

关键词: 苦槠, 顽拗性种子, 脱水, 冷藏, 发芽

Abstract:

Objective: The optimal dehydration and low temperature storage conditions are still the difficulties in the research of recalcitrant seeds. In this study, the seed vigor under different dehydration methods and low temperature storage conditions was investigated, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the collection and preservation of recalcitrant seeds in subtropical areas. Method: In this study, Castanopsis sclerophylla seeds were used as the experimental materials, and the germination ability of seeds before and after dehydration and cold storage was compared. The seeds were subjected to the different storage temperature (room temperature 20 ℃ and low temperature 4 ℃), and the treatment time (7, 14, 30, 60, 90 d), as well as different dehydration rate (fast and slow) and dehydration time (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96 h). The germination rate and germination index of the seeds under the interaction between low temperature and dehydration were analyze , to explore the effect of the interaction between dehydration methods and cold storage on seed germination. Result: 1) The results showed that low temperature storage, dehydration time and their interaction had significant effects on seed germination rate and germination index. 2) When stored at room temperature, the germination rate and germination index of seeds subjected to rapid dehydration were significantly increased compared with the non-dehydrated seeds. 3) Compared with unrefrigerated seeds, the cold storage treatment inhibited the germination of rapidly dehydrated seeds, but had no significant effect on the germination rate of undehydrated and slowly dehydrated seeds for 1-48 h, however the seeds almost lost vigor after slow dehydration for 96 h. The germination rate of unrefrigerated seeds was the highest (68.80%) after rapid dehydration, but it decreased significantly after refrigeration. The germination rate and germination index of seeds were significantly decreased after 30 days of cold storage. 4) Under the same cold storage (except for 30 d), the germination rate and germination index of seeds treated with short-term rapid dehydration were significantly higher or had no significant difference compared with those without dehydration, while the seeds vigor greatly reduced or lost when prolonged dehydration time. The germination rate and germination index of seeds with slow dehydration were generally significantly lower than those of undehydrated seeds. Conclusion: During storage at room temperature, rapid dehydration significantly promotes seed germination. There is an interaction between low temperature storage and dehydration treatment. Short-term rapid dehydration and cold storage treatment are conducive to the seed germination, while cold storage and slow dehydration treatment inhibit seed germination. C. sclerophylla seeds can be stored under both rapid dehydration at room temperature and short-term rapid dehydration at 4 ℃.

Key words: Castanopsis sclerophylla, recalcitrant seeds, dehydration, cold storage, germination

中图分类号:

S718.43

曾素平,厉月桥,刘儒,王佳,赵梅芳,张华聪. 脱水方式和贮藏时间对苦槠种子发芽的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(3): 84-93.

Suping Zeng,Yueqiao Li,Ru Liu,Jia Wang,Meifang Zhao,Huacong Zhang. Effects of Dehydration Modes and Storage Time on Germination of Castanopsis sclerophyllaSeeds[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 84-93.

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脱水方式Dehydration methods	因变量Dependent variable	发芽率 Germination rate
脱水方式Dehydration methods	因变量Dependent variable	均方 Mean square	F	P
慢速脱水Slow dehydration	低温贮藏Low temperature storage	548.875	9.063	0.000
	脱水时间Dehydration time	874.606	14.441	0.000
	低温贮藏×脱水时间 Low temperature storage×dehydration time	103.474	1.709	0.016
快速脱水Rapid dehydration	低温贮藏Low temperature storage	11 185.144	248.976	0.000
	脱水时间Dehydration time	2 133.488	47.490	0.000
	低温贮藏×脱水时间 Low temperature storage×dehydration time	514.002	11.441	0.000

脱水方式Dehydration methods	脱水时间Dehydration time/h	冷藏时间 Cold storage time
脱水方式Dehydration methods	脱水时间Dehydration time/h	0 d	7 d	14 d	30 d	60 d	90 d
慢速脱水Slow dehydration	0	25.56±8.61Aab	37.78±3.44Aa	27.78±3.44Aab	13.33±4.55ABCb	41.11±4.55Aa	40.00±10.75Aa
	1	16.67±5.16Ab	13.33±7.89DEFbc	16.67±5.16BCbc	7.78±4.55BCDc	27.78±17.21ABab	34.44±4.55ABa
	2	17.78±3.44Aab	14.44±4.55CDEFab	24.44±6.21ABCa	13.33±4.92ABCb	21.11±4.55BCab	23.33±7.89BCab
	4	26.67±5.96Aa	12.22±4.55EFGb	15.56±6.89Cab	16.67±5.43Aab	16.67±8.94BCab	18.89±9.58Cab
	8	20.00±0.01Aab	8.89±7.50FGbc	23.33±5.96ABCa	6.67±2.98CDEc	15.56±8.61Cabc	20.00±5.16Cab
	12	17.78±3.44Aa	25.56±6.89Ba	18.89±4.55ABCa	14.44±9.58ABa	27.78±15.30Ba	18.89±10.47Ca
	24	18.89±1.72Aabc	24.44±4.55BCa	17.78±4.55ABCabc	8.89±4.55BCDc	17.78±9.58BCabc	13.33±2.98CDbc
	48	27.78±12.05Aa	20.00±5.16BCDEa	20±7.89ABCa	4.44±3.44DEb	20.00±8.94BCa	22.22±1.72BCa
	96	16.67±2.11Aa	2.22±3.44Gb	0	0	0	3.33±2.98Db
快速脱水Rapid dehydration	0	25.56±9.62Fab	37.78±3.85CDEa	27.78±3.85Cab	13.33±5.49Ab	41.11±5.09Aa	40.00±12.02Aa
	1	70.00±11.54DEa	48.89±7.70ABb	50.00±5.77Ab	1.11±1.72Bd	22.22±8.39BCDc	44.45±3.85Ab
	2	73.33±6.67CDEa	43.33±8.82ABCb	51.11±10.72Ab	5.56±1.72Bc	43.33±5.77Ab	44.44±3.85Ab
	4	94.44±5.09Aa	38.89±5.09BCDEb	43.33±3.33ABb	0	18.89±1.92CDEc	43.33±3.33Ab
	8	81.11±1.92ABCa	28.89±8.39Ebc	37.78±5.09Bb	6.67±2.98Bd	22.22±6.94BCDc	11.11±5.09BCd
	12	78.89±5.09BCDa	52.22±6.94Ab	17.78±3.85Dd	3.33±6.79Be	33.33±8.82ABc	13.33±2.02Bde
	24	75.56±5.09CDa	31.11±5.09DEb	15.56±1.92Dcd	6.67±2.98Bde	25.56±5.75BCbc	1.11±1.92De
	48	61.11±13.87Ea	14.44±1.92Fb	12.22±3.85DEbc	5.56±3.44Bbc	8.89±3.85DEbc	2.22±1.92CDc
	96	37.77±6.94Fa	11.11±1.92Fb	4.44±1.92Eb	0	6.67±5.77Eb	1.11±1.92Db

脱水方式Dehydration methods	因变量Dependent variables	发芽指数Germination index
脱水方式Dehydration methods	因变量Dependent variables	均方Mean square	F	P
慢速脱水Slow dehydration	低温贮藏 Low temperature storage	68.081	29.104	0.000
	脱水时间 Dehydration time	31.680	13.543	0.000
	低温贮藏×脱水时间 Low temperature storage×Dehydration time	4.994	2.135	0.001
快速脱水 Rapid dehydration	低温贮藏Low temperature storage	1 666.201	455.843	0.000
	脱水时间 Dehydration time	92.362	25.269	0.000
	低温贮藏×脱水时间 Low temperature storage×Dehydration time	47.232	12.922	0.000

脱水方式Dehydration methods	脱水时间Dehydration time /h	冷藏时间Cold storage time
脱水方式Dehydration methods	脱水时间Dehydration time /h	0 d	7 d	14 d	30 d	60 d	90 d
慢速脱水Slow dehydration	0	8.93±2.67ABa	6.57±0.94Aa	7.97±3.28Aa	2.22±2.88Ab	6.79±0.66Aa	7.06±2.09Aa
	1	5.70±0.99BCDa	2.02±1.25DEFGc	2.43±1.62CDbc	1.64±0.86Ac	5.15±2.55ABab	6.32±1.49ABa
	2	3.19±1.22CDb	3.38±1.06CDFab	5.70±1.23ABa	2.18±0.28Ab	3.19±0.50ABCb	4.46±2.64ABCab
	4	6.62±3.40BCDa	1.93±1.42EFGb	4.10±1.96BCab	2.64±0.15Ab	3.03±2.53ABCab	3.54±0.97BCab
	8	4.45±0.83CDa	1.34±1.17FGc	4.34±0.39BCa	0.78±0.35Ac	2.60±0.88BCb	4.37±1.51ABCa
	12	7.54±1.84ABCa	4.46±1.44BCab	5.72±1.59ABab	2.20±2.24Ab	5.88±3.76ABab	3.98±2.60BCab
	24	11.25±3.52Aa	6.30±0.96ABb	3.94±0.64BCbc	1.69±0.87Ac	3.85±3.57ABCbc	2.14±0.34CDc
	48	9.24±4.37ABa	4.97±1.82ABCb	2.82±0.50Cb	1.10±1.42Ab	3.73±2.80ABCb	3.44±0.78Cb
	96	2.93±1.34Da	0.21±0.37Gb	0	0	0	0.48±0.48Db
快速脱水Rapid dehydration	0	8.93±2.67Ea	6.57±0.94BCDEa	7.97±3.28Aa	2.22±0.88Ab	6.79±0.66Aa	7.06±2.09Aa
	1	20.88±2.85CDa	9.69±2.20Bb	5.78±2.11ABc	0.06±0.11Bd	3.55±1.03BCc	6.19±2.04Ac
	2	25.15±3.41BCa	8.66±3.10BCb	4.28±1.17BCcd	0.43±0.19Bd	8.70±2.60Ab	5.55±1.95Abc
	4	34.36±2.40Aa	7.25±1.65BCDb	7.94±0.98Ab	0	3.31±0.93BCc	6.49±1.82Ab
	8	26.98±5.15Ba	5.20±2.78CDEFbc	8.52±2.34Ab	0.98±0.63ABc	3.95±0.84Bbc	1.29±1.70Bc
	12	28.74±1.24Ba	16.04±3.29Ab	3.52±0.25BCDc	0.21±0.03Bd	3.94±1.46Bc	2.18±2.14Bcd
	24	27.26±1.46Ba	3.79±0.88DEFb	2.72±0.29CDb	0.78±0.53ABc	3.55±1.91BCb	0.11±0.19Bc
	48	19.78±4.14Da	3.17±1.04EFbc	3.93±1.37BCb	0.82±0.81ABbc	1.50±0.32Cbc	0.50±0.44Bc
	96	10.85±2.40Ea	2.41±0.46Fb	0.78±0.49Dbc	0	1.55±1.16Cbc	0.13±0.02Bc

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