杨树叶片结构与抗锈菌侵染的相关性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201209

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析杨树叶片物理结构与其抗锈性的相关性，并提出相应的形态学指标，为指导生产中抗锈病杨树种质筛选提供参考。方法: 调查西北农林科技大学渭河实验站29种杨树无性系秋末夏孢子堆密度；并采集树冠下层成熟叶片，通过光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜分析杨树叶片解剖结构间的差异，蜡质厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度等12个叶片结构指标与叶片夏孢子堆密度的相关性。结果: 在夏孢子堆密度Euclidean聚类中，29个杨树无性系可分为3组，结合杨树派别分类得出白杨派杨树为Melampsora larici-populina的非寄主、黑杨派为较强抗病寄主、青杨派为易感病寄主，黑杨派69杨♀与青杨派青杨♂杂种一代（F1）呈现出易感病特征，杂交杨树抗锈性与父本抗性密切相关。寄主杨树中下表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片总厚度显著大于非寄主杨树；而栅栏组织厚度、相邻气孔距离及海绵组织细胞密度则显著小于非寄主杨树。在寄主杨树中易感病组上表皮厚度显著小于较强抗性组。相关性综合分析表明蜡质厚度、下表皮细胞壁厚度与抗锈病能力具有一个稳定的正相关关系。结论: 不同杨树的抗锈病能力具有显著的差异，蜡质厚度和下表皮细胞壁厚度可作为快速筛选抗锈病杨树品种的2个形态学指标。

关键词: 杨树, 叶片组织结构, 松杨栅锈菌, 抗锈性

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to understand the correlation between the physical structure of poplar leaves and their rust resistance, and the corresponding morphological indexes were put forward for judging the Melampsora rust-resistance in the poplar breeding. Method: The uredinial density of 29 poplar clones was investigated in Forest Experimental Station of Northwest A&F University in late autumn. The mature leaves of the lower canopy were collected. The difference of anatomical structure of poplar leaves were analyzed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the correlation of 12 leaf histological indexes, such as cuticle thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and so on, were studied. Result: Based on the Squared Euclidean Distance of uredinial density, 29 poplar clones were divided into three groups. In terms of the poplar section classification, Sect. Leuces were the non-hosts of M. larici-populina, Sect. Aigeiros were the resistant hosts, and Sect. Tacamahaca were the susceptible hosts. The first generation hybrids of P. deltoides cv. Lux female and P. cathayana male showed susceptibility to rust, and the rust resistance of hybrids poplars displayed a paternal transmission style. The abaxial epidermis, sponge tissue and the total leaf thickness of the host poplar were significantly thicker than those of the non-host poplars. However, palisade thickness, stomatal adjacent distance and the cell density of sponge tissue in host poplars were significantly lower than those of the non-host poplars. Among host poplars, the upper epidermis thickness of susceptible groups were significantly lower than stronger resistant groups. A stable positive correlation between the rust resistance of different poplars and the cuticle thickness, as well as the epidermal cell wall thickness of leaves was found by correlation analysis. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the rust resistance of different poplars. Cuticle thickness and upper epidermal cell wall thickness can be used as two morphological indicators in practice of the rust-resistant poplar breeding.

Key words: poplar, leaf morphological structure, Melampsora larici-populina, rust resistance

中图分类号:

S718.47

沈阔程,陈倩文,齐梅,彭子嘉,樊军锋,余仲东. 杨树叶片结构与抗锈菌侵染的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(12): 75-82.

Kuocheng Shen,Qianwen Chen,Mei Qi,Zijia Peng,Junfeng Fan,Zhongdong Yu. Correlation between Poplar Leaf Structure and the Resistance to Rust Infection[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(12): 75-82.

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