典型中亚热带天然阔叶林各林层林木高径比分布规律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210632

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 揭示典型中亚热带天然阔林各林层（包括全林和各亚层）林木高径比分布规律，为中亚热带人工阔叶林、半天然林和天然阔叶林可持续经营提供阔叶林木高径比方面的典型参照。方法: 以建瓯万木林省级自然保护区为研究区，在研究区内5个典型中亚热带天然阔叶林中分别设置50 m×50 m样地，计算典型林分各林层林木高径比平均值和标准差分析其随亚层的变化情况，运用Mann-Whitney U检验分析各亚层之间（包括第Ⅰ亚层、第Ⅱ亚层和第Ⅲ亚层间以及受光层和非受光层间）林木高径比平均值的差异显著性，利用偏度和峰度描述各林层林木高径比分布的偏离程度和离散程度，选择正态分布、Weibull分布函数对各样地各林层林木高径比分布进行拟合，并采用χ²检验法检验拟合效果。结果: 综合5块样地林木高径比平均值，全林为103.1，各亚层平均值随亚层高度升高而减小，排序为第Ⅲ亚层（112.7）>第Ⅱ亚层（89.0）>第Ⅰ亚层（66.9）以及非受光层（112.7）>受光层（78.3）；除4号样地第Ⅱ亚层与第Ⅲ亚层间林木高径比平均值为显著差异外，其他样地内各亚层间林木高径比平均值均为极显著差异。偏度结果表明，各林层林木高径比分布为右偏。峰度结果表明，全林、第Ⅰ亚层林木高径比分布相对较为分散；第Ⅱ亚层、第Ⅲ亚层、受光层林木高径比分布相对较为集中。运用正态分布函数拟合各林层林木高径比分布，其结果均通过卡方检验；而运用Weibull分布函数拟合较多未通过卡方检验。结论: 典型中亚热带天然阔叶林各亚层林木高径比平均值间均有极显著差异，且各亚层林木高径比平均值随亚层高度升高而减小；各林层林木高径比分布均为右偏，全林与第Ⅰ亚层林木高径比分布相对较为分散，第Ⅱ亚层与第Ⅲ亚层以及受光层林木高径比分布相对较为集中；正态分布函数对各林层林木高径比分布拟合效果较好，Weibull分布函数拟合效果不理想；典型中亚热带天然阔叶林林木高径比分布与直径分布不同，全林和第Ⅲ亚层林木高径比呈正态分布，而全林和第Ⅲ亚层直径呈反J形分布。本研究所体现的各林层林木高径比平均值和各林层林木高径比分布属于理想结构森林的林木高径比特征。

关键词: 中亚热带, 典型天然阔叶林, 分层, 林木高径比分布, 变化规律

Abstract:

Objective: To reveal the distribution law of tree height-to-diameter ratio in each stratum of typical natural broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical zone, to provide a typical reference in the aspect of height-to-diameter ratio of broad-leaved trees for the sustainable management of artificial broad-leaved forest, semi-natural broad-leaved forest and natural broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical zone. Method: In Jian’ou Wanmulin provincial nature reserve, 50 m×50 m plots were set up in 5 typical natural broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical zonerespectively. Themean tree height-to-diameter ratio and standard deviation of each stratum in the typical stand was calculated to analyze its changes with the stratum, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the significance test of the difference between the average height-to-diameter ratio in each stratum. Skewness and kurtosis are used to describe the degree of deviation and dispersion of the height-to-diameter ratio distribution. The normal distribution and Weibull distribution function were selected to fit the distribution of the height-to-diameter ratio of each stratum in each plots, and the fitting effect was tested by χ² test. Result: The mean tree height-to-diameter ratio in 5 sample plots was integrated, the mean tree height-to-diameter ratio of the whole stand was 103.1, and the mean tree height-to-diameter ratio of each stratum decreased with the increase of the stratum height. The order and value were as follows: the stratum Ⅲ (112.7) > the stratum Ⅱ (89.0) > stratum Ⅰ (66.9)and NLRS(112.7) > LRS(78.3).The mean tree height-to-diameter ratio between the stratum Ⅱ and stratum Ⅲ in plot 4 was significantly different, and the average height to diameter ratio of trees between stratum in other plots was extremely significant.The results of skewness showed that the tree height-to-diameter ratio of each stratum was skewed to the right. The variation of skewness of the tree height-to-diameter ratio in each stratum was irregular.The normal distribution function was used to fit the distribution of tree height-to-diameter ratio of each stratum, and all the results passed the Chi-square test. However, most of the results of Weibull distribution function did not pass the Chi-square test. Conclusion: In the typical natural broad-leaved forest of the mid-subtropical zone,the tree mean height-to-diameter ratio of each stratum has an extremely significant difference, and the tree mean height-to-diameter ratio decreases with the increase of the stratum height.The distribution of tree height-to-diameter ratio in each stratum was right skewed. The tree height-to-diameter ratio of the whole stand and the stratum Ⅰ was relatively dispersed, while the stratum Ⅱ and stratum Ⅲ were relatively concentrated. The fitting effect of normal distribution function on tree height-to-diameter ratio of each stratum was good, but the fitting effect of Weibull distribution function was not ideal.In the typical natural broad-leaved forest of the mid-subtropical zone, the height-to-diameter ratio distribution was significantly different from that of diameter distribution. The height-to-diameter ratio distribution of the whole forest and the stratum Ⅲ was normal, but the diameter distribution of the whole forest and the stratum Ⅲ was inverted J. The average height/diameter ratio in each stratum and the distribution of height/diameter ratio in each stratum reflected in this study belong to the height/diameter ratio characteristics under ideal circumstances.

Key words: mid-subtropics, typical natural broadleaved forest, stratification, tree height-to-diameter ratio distribution, change law

中图分类号:

S757

严铭海,王金池,黄清麟,庄崇洋,郑群瑞,卓鸣秀,官晓辉. 典型中亚热带天然阔叶林各林层林木高径比分布规律[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(4): 149-156.

Minghai Yan,Jinchi Wang,Qinglin Huang,Chongyang Zhuang,Qunrui Zheng,Mingxiu Zhuo,Xiaohui Guan. Distribution Law of Tree Height-to-Diameter Ratio in Each Stratum of Typical Natural Broad-Leaved Forest in Mid-Subtropical Zone[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(4): 149-156.

图/表 5

表1

表2

表3

各林层林木高径比分布偏度与峰度及拟合与检验结果①"

样地号 Sample plot	层属 Stratum	偏度 SK	峰度 KT	正态分布Normal distribution			Weibull分布函数Weibull distribution function
				参数Parameters		卡方值 Chi-square value	参数Parameters			卡方值 Chi-square value
				μ	σ	χ²	a	b	c	χ²
1	S	?0.10	?0.49	108.036	28.374	18.264^*	39.900	76.987	2.674	21.213
	Ⅰ	0.67	?0.42	77.556	24.323	10.301^*	39.900	44.353	1.785	8.894^*
	Ⅱ	0.16	0.03	101.500	23.044	3.343^*	59.900	50.711	2.363	6.968^*
	Ⅲ	?0.06	?0.35	116.410	24.942	16.171^*	59.900	64.797	2.623	26.988
	L	0.28	?0.59	88.824	26.476	5.977^*	39.900	56.478	2.064	7.952^*
2	S	0.62	1.21	97.193	32.121	13.813^*	29.900	76.507	2.266	11.806^*
	Ⅰ	0.81	0.99	57.391	18.882	0.650^*	29.900	28.741	1.600	2.367^*
	Ⅱ	0.49	?0.17	82.128	22.061	7.462^*	39.900	48.749	2.176	6.258^*
	Ⅲ	0.84	1.93	107.468	29.882	18.855^*	39.900	75.536	2.626	14.681^*
	L	0.47	?0.12	74.000	23.981	5.543^*	29.900	83.437	2.489	11.028^*
3	S	0.20	?0.12	103.811	32.184	10.909^*	29.900	83.437	2.489	11.028^*
	Ⅰ	1.00	1.00	63.200	17.009	2.217^*	39.900	28.510	1.723	1.917^*
	Ⅱ	0.61	0.33	77.436	25.206	4.560^*	29.900	54.984	2.139	4.002^*
	Ⅲ	0.38	0.36	113.980	27.678	7.843^*	49.900	72.774	2.556	8.930^*
	L	0.86	0.71	71.875	23.291	6.469^*	29.900	48.141	1.988	2.836^*
4	S	0.16	?0.01	100.906	33.630	16.192^*	29.900	80.455	2.273	22.689
	Ⅰ	0.53	?0.48	69.231	21.679	6.985^*	39.900	38.162	1.828	40.916
	Ⅱ	0.45	0.16	97.727	37.662	4.333^*	29.900	80.037	2.155	5.167^*
	Ⅲ	0.19	0.73	112.337	28.293	12.096^*	49.900	72.009	2.549	28.299
	L	1.08	1.53	77.703	30.139	10.444^*	29.900	54.397	1.715	6.356^*
5	S	0.19	?0.16	104.235	31.084	10.569^*	29.900	83.808	2.600	13.055^*
	Ⅰ	0.14	?1.29	65.556	16.946	3.590^*	39.900	32.565	2.073	8.144
	Ⅱ	?0.11	0.53	86.364	23.830	6.151^*	29.900	64.519	2.788	8.606^*
	Ⅲ	0.32	?0.21	114.185	27.746	10.113^*	49.900	72.737	2.534	7.882^*
	L	0.20	0.00	78.451	23.643	8.199^*	29.900	55.424	2.272	8.785^*

表3

图1

表4

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样地号Sample plot	群落类型 Community type	种丰富度Species richness	SW指数 Shannon- Wiener index	平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	平均树高Mean height/m	密度 Density/ (individual·hm^?2)	蓄积量 Volume/ (m³·hm^?2)
1	木荷+光叶山矾 Schima superba+Symplocos lancifolia	36	3.82	21.0	26.8	1164	481.7
2	猴欢喜+木荷 Sloanea sinensis+Schima superba	50	4.56	25.7	27.9	952	591.5
3	木荷+新木姜子 Schima superba+Neolitsea aurata	49	4.83	22.0	23.9	1076	435.4
4	木荷+浙江桂 Schima superba+Cinnamomum chekiangense	45	4.51	23.6	24.1	1056	493.3
5	浙江桂+木荷 Cinnamomum chekiangense+Schima superba	45	4.47	21.9	25.2	1056	443.0

样地号Sample plot	S	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	L
1	108.0±28.1	78.2±23.9A	101.4±23.1B	116.2±24.7C	89.1±26.4D
2	97.2±31.8	58.1±18.6A	82.2±22.1B	107.4±29.4C	74.3±24.0D
3	103.8±32.1	62.8±16.6A	77.7±24.6B	114.0±27.6C	71.8±23.2D
4	102.2±32.4	69.4±21.1A	97.8±36.9Bb	112.0±28.0Bc	77.8±30.0D
5	104.1±30.9	66.1±17.5A	85.9±23.6B	114.0±27.5C	78.4±23.7D

层属Stratum	对象Object	偏度SK		峰度KT		分布曲线形状 Distribution curve shape	卡方检验 Chi-square test
层属Stratum	对象Object	正负Positive or negative	绝对值Absolute value	正负 Positive or negative	绝对值Absolute value	分布曲线形状 Distribution curve shape	卡方检验 Chi-square test
S	林木高径比分布 Height/diameter ratio distribution	正Positive	≤1	基本为负 Basically negative	≤1	正态分布曲线 Normal distribution curve	通过 Pass
S	直径分布 Diameter distribution	正Positive	>1	正Positive	>1	反J形曲线 Inverse J-shaped curve	基本通过 Basic pass
Ⅰ	林木高径比分布 Height/diameter ratio distribution	正Positive	≤1	较多为负 Most are negative	基本≤1 Basic ≤ 1	正态分布曲线 Normal distribution curve	通过 Pass
Ⅰ	直径分布 Diameter distribution	正Positive	≤1	基本为负 Basically negative	≤1	近似正态分布的曲线Curve with approximate normal distribution	通过 Pass
Ⅱ	林木高径比分布 Height/diameter ratio distribution	正Positive	≤1	基本为正 Basically positive	≤1	正态分布曲线 Normal distribution curve	通过 Pass
Ⅱ	直径分布 Diameter distribution	正Positive	较多>1 More>1	基本为正 Basically positive	较多>1 More>1	近似正态分布的曲线Curve with approximate normal distribution	通过 Pass
Ⅲ	林木高径比分布 Height/diameter ratio distribution	正Positive	≤1	基本为正 Basically positive	基本≤1 Basic ≤ 1	正态分布曲线 Normal distribution curve	通过 Pass
Ⅲ	直径分布 Diameter distribution	正Positive	>1	正 Positive	基本>1 Basic > 1	反J形曲线 Inverse J-shaped curve	通过 Pass

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