木材干燥应力研究现状与趋势

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210916

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木材干燥应力相关研究是木材科学的重要组成部分，对木材实际加工过程具有重要指导作用，也是制定和优化干燥工艺的依据。本文从木材干燥应力研究的主要试验手段和模型方法2方面入手，对比分析各种方法的优势和不足，系统总结干燥应力研究现状，以期为木材干燥应力相关研究提供借鉴，推动干燥应力研究向更深层次发展，为木材高质量干燥奠定基础。试验研究方面，传统的叉齿法和切片法依旧是木材干燥应力、应变检测的常规试验方法，数字图像、近红外光谱等现代化技术手段为干燥应力、应变研究提供了新的契机，但至今仍没有一种方法具备绝对的检测精度和实际推广应用条件。模型研究方面，木材流变学理论模型日趋完善成熟，对干燥应力的模拟进入一个瓶颈阶段。随着计算机技术的不断发展以及数值分析软件的逐渐强大，有限元法被用于木材干燥应力的模拟研究，该方法在处理木材这种各向异性材料方面具有一定优势，目前处于快速发展阶段。根据现阶段木材干燥应力研究现状，试验手段和模型方法对于干燥应力研究均具有不可替代的作用，二者结合是全面研究干燥应力的关键，试验探寻能够快速、精准、连续检测木材干燥应力的新装置或新技术依然是未来的研究重点。有限元法是木材干燥应力模型研究最具潜力的数值分析方法，未来适用性广泛的模型构建要立足于木材自身的多尺度、多层级结构特征，利用先进仪器设备获取精准的模型参数，并将所建模型纳入干燥设备控制系统，指导和服务于实际生产。

关键词: 木材干燥, 干燥应力, 测试方法, 模型预测

Abstract:

The research on drying stresses is an important part of wood science, which is capable of guiding wood processing as well as providing an important basis for establishing and optimizing drying schedule. This study systematically and comprehensively summarized the research status of wood drying stresses from experimental research and numerical analysis, and discussed the merits and demerits for each method. It aimed to provide some valuable information for the further research on wood drying stresses, and to promote the correlational studies to a higher and deeper level as well as lay a foundation for the high quality drying of wood. In experimental research, the prong and slice method in traditional are still the commonly used method for testing wood drying stresses. The modern technologies, such as digital image correlation technology and near infrared spectroscopy, provide new opportunities to the research of wood drying stresses. However, so far there is still no a test method to wood drying stresses with high precision and good popular conditions. In terms of numerical analysis, the models of drying stresses based on wood rheological theory have become more robust, and reached a plateau. With the development of computer technology and numerical analysis software, the finite element method has been used to simulate wood drying stresses, which had some advantages in dealing with the anisotropic materials, and it is in rapidly developing stage now. Based on the current research, the experimental research and numerical analysis play irreplaceable roles in the investigation of wood drying stresses. The combination of the two is the key to comprehensively evaluating drying stresses. The exploration of new devices or technologies, which can rapidly, accurately and continuously detect wood drying stresses, is still the focus in the future research. The finite element method is the most potential numerical analysis method for wood drying stresses. The model with wide applicability should consider the multi-scale and multi-layer characteristics of wood, and also obtain accurate model parameters by the use of advanced instrument and equipment. Furthermore, the proposed model should be put into the control system of drying equipment, and providing the guidance and service to actual production.

Key words: wood drying, drying stresses, test method, model prediction

中图分类号:

S781.71

付宗营,蔡英春,周永东. 木材干燥应力研究现状与趋势[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(9): 160-167.

Zongying Fu,Yingchun Cai,Yongdong Zhou. Current Status and Prospects of Wood Drying Stresses Research[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 160-167.

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