森林火灾火烧迹地遥感信息提取及应用

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180515

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 森林火灾是影响陆地生态系统、大气环境以及全球变化的重要因素之一。传统的森林火灾信息统计数据存在收集困难、难以空间化等方面的不足，而遥感技术的发展为火灾研究提供了一种新的技术手段。本文旨在对现有基于遥感的火烧迹地相关研究进行总结，从数据开发以及数据应用2个方面梳理现有研究成果，并对未来的研究提出展望，为森林火灾相关研究提供依据。在参阅近年来国内外相关文献的基础上，本文从2个方面对火烧迹地相关研究进行系统总结：1）现有火烧迹地数据产品集及其开发算法：从产品名称、遥感数据源、覆盖范围、时序范围、空间分辨率、时间分辨率等方面，对11种火烧迹地数据产品集进行介绍；随后，对不同数据产品的开发算法进行比较，包括基于热学异常的提取算法、基于光谱特征变化的提取算法以及两者相结合的提取算法；最后，对现有火烧迹地数据产品的精度特征进行总结。2）火烧迹地数据产品应用：对火烧迹地数据在火灾风险评估、大气污染物排放、全球植被动力学模型、火灾后生态系统监测4个方面的应用进行介绍。现有的火烧迹地数据产品还存在一定的不足，这些不足限制了其应用领域的扩展。未来的火烧迹地数据产品改进可以从以下3个方面展开：1）构建长时间序列火烧迹地数据产品集。2）开发高精度的火烧迹地数据产品集，充分考虑火灾发生时以及火灾发生前后的各种异常特性，真实反映火灾发生所带来的地表特征变化，才能建立更加精确、稳定的提取算法，提高火烧迹地数据产品精度。3）建立多样化的火烧迹地数据产品集，改良现有火烧迹地数据产品，增加新的监测内容，如火烧能量、火焰温度以及火灾规模等，这将进一步扩大火烧迹地数据产品的应用范围。

关键词: 火烧迹地, 遥感, 生态扰动, 森林火灾

Abstract: Forest fires are one of the most important disturbances of terrestrial ecosystems, atmospheric environment and global change. Traditional fire statistical data were based on field investigation which is difficult to collect and spatialize. The development of remote sensing technology provides a new method for fire study. This paper aims to summarize the relevant studies of burned area based on remote sensing, including data development and data application, and bring up a prospect for future research. This paper firstly reviewed researches on the burned area from two aspects: 1) Existing data product set of burned area and its development. Firstly, the existed burned area data were introduced from several aspects, such as name of dataset, remote sensing data source, coverage, time span, spatial resolution and time resolution. Secondly, algorithms for mapping burned area were compared, including thermal anomaly based method, Spectralanomaly based method, and a combination of them. When fire happens, there are obvious temperature anomaly characteristics which are the base of active fire detection. There are also obvious changes in the vegetation dynamics pre- and post-fire, which are the base of mapping burned area. Most algorithms for mapping burned area only consider one characteristic (temperature anomaly or vegetation dynamics) in mapping burned area, which could cause a relative high error. Thirdly, accuracy of current burned area products was summarized from omission errors, commission errors and overall accuracy. 2) The applications of burned area products in fire hazard assessment, fire emissions and dynamic global vegetation model are reviewed. Finally, the paper points out, the future remote sensing based burned area study may include three aspects: 1) Long-term series burned area data are needed for understanding the long-term fire, climate and vegetation interaction. 2) High accuracy burned area products are needed in regional fire study. 3) New outputs such as fire energy, fire temperature and fire size are expected by different end-users which can expand the scope of the application of burned area data.

Key words: burned area, remote sensing, ecological disturbance, forest fire

中图分类号:

S762.1

杨伟, 姜晓丽. 森林火灾火烧迹地遥感信息提取及应用[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(5): 135-142.

Yang Wei, Jiang Xiaoli. Review on Remote Sensing Information Extraction and Application of the Burned Forest Areas[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(5): 135-142.

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