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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (7): 175-183.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210719

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

24种竹材炭化热值与工业分析

杨思倩1,2,孙思佳1,2,刘贤淼3,张雨1,李文珠1,李琴2,张文标1,*   

  1. 1. 浙江农林大学化学与材料工程学院 杭州 311300
    2. 浙江省林业科学研究院 浙江省竹类研究重点实验室 杭州 310023
    3. 国际竹藤中心 北京 100102
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-12 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 张文标
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划“建筑用竹材及竹制品重要国际标准研究”(2018YFF0214501);浙江省重大专项“功能性炭基木质复合装饰材料绿色制造关键技术及应用”(2018C02008)

Calorific Value and Proximate Analysis of Carbonized Materials Derived from 24 Bamboo Speaes

Siqian Yang1,2,Sijia Sun1,2,Xianmiao Liu3,Yu Zhang1,Wenzhu Li1,Qin Li2,Wenbiao Zhang1,*   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300
    2. Key Laboratory of Bamboo Research of Zhejiang Zhejiag Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 310023
    3. International Center for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing 100102
  • Received:2019-12-12 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-09-02
  • Contact: Wenbiao Zhang

摘要:

目的: 探究相同炭化工艺下不同竹种、竹龄和竹材不同部位等因素与竹炭热值之间的关系,分析竹炭热值与灰分、挥发分和固定碳含量之间的相关性,推导热值计算的经验公式,为竹材工业化和资源化利用提供参考和借鉴。方法: 选取浙江省杭州市临安区24种竹材以及安吉县2~13年生毛竹,在相同炭化工艺条件下烧制成炭,采用控制变量法测试24种竹材中部炭化料、2~13年生毛竹中部炭化料以及毛竹材不同竹龄(4、5、6年)和不同部位(梢部、中部和基部)炭化料的热值和工业分析参数,分析不同竹种、竹龄和竹材不同部位炭化料热值与固定碳、挥发分和灰分含量之间的关系。通过SPSS软件对热值与固定碳、挥发分和灰分含量之间的相关性进行鉴定和分析,根据竹炭热值与竹材炭化料固定碳含量和炭化温度之间的关系推导热值计算的经验公式。结果: 24种竹材竹炭热值为27.94~32.98 kJ·g-1,平均值为31.10 kJ·g-1,标准差为1.11,固定碳含量为75.35%~92.59%,平均值为85.87%,标准差为3.65,灰分含量为3.34%~15.98%,平均值为7.21%,挥发分含量平均值为6.91%;2~13年生毛竹竹炭热值为30.93~33.81 kJ·g-1,固定碳、灰分和挥发分含量的标准差均在5以下;4、5、6年竹龄毛竹炭化料各部位热值绝对差异在1.38 kJ·g-1以内,相对差异在3%以内。竹炭的高位热值与固定碳含量呈正相关、与灰分含量呈负相关,通过试验以及整理归纳大量竹炭炭化温度与热值、理化性能的测试数据,推导出竹炭热值(Q)与其炭化温度(T)和相应的固定碳含量(C)之间换算的经验公式。结论: 1)不同竹种炭化料热值和工业分析参数存在显著差异,取决于不同竹种各自的结构特性,相同竹种炭化料,木质素含量较高的基部热值高于中部和梢部,竹龄和生长部位对热值和工业分析参数变化无明显影响;2)竹材炭化料热值与固定碳、灰分含量之间呈线性关系,其中热值与固定碳含量呈显著正相关、与灰分含量呈显著负相关,热值(Q)与固定碳含量(C)的经验公式以及固定碳含量与其相对应炭化温度(T)的经验公式为Q=0.001 8C2-0.111C+28.099(R2=0.72)、C=26.934lnT-93.122(R2=0.88)。

关键词: 竹种, 竹龄, 竹材部位, 热值, 工业分析, 经验公式

Abstract:

Objective: The relationships were explored between caloric values of bamboo charcoal and different species, ages and parts of bamboos under the same carbonization process, calorific values of bamboo charcoal were correlatively analyzed with their ashes, volatiles and fixed carbon contents, and the deduced empirical formula was also applied for calorific values calculation in order to provide guidance and reference for the industrialization and energy utilization of bamboo wood. Method: The calorific values of bamboo charcoals carbonized from various bamboo species were taken as the objects of this study. 24 bamboo species grown in Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, and 2-to 13-year-old moso bamboo grown in Anji, Zhejiang Province, were collected and carbonized under the same process. Applying the single-factor-control method, the calorific values and proximate analysis of bamboo charcoals which were carbonized by middle parts of 24 bamboo species and moso bamboos(2-13 years), and top, middle and base parts of 4-, 5-, 6-year-old moso bamboos were tested, respectively. The effects of species, ages and parts of bamboo on the calorific value and fixed carbon, volatile, ash content were studied. Test data were summarized to find whether the calorific value was significantly correlated with fixed carbon, volatile and ash content by SPSS software. The empirical formula was deduced based on the relationships between the carbonization temperature(T), calorific value(Q) and fixed carbon(C). Result: The calorific values of 24 kinds of bamboo charcoal were distributed in the range of 27.94-32.98 kJ·g-1, the mean value was 31.10 kJ·g-1, the standard deviation was 1.11; the fixed carbon content was 75.35%-92.59%, the mean value was 85.87%, and the standard deviation was 3.65; the ash content was 3.34%-15.98%, the mean value was 7.21%, and the average volatile content was 6.91%. The calorific value of the charcoal produced from 2-to 13-year-old bamboo was distributed in the range of 30.93-33.81 kJ·g-1, and the standard deviation of the fixed carbon content, ash content and volatile content were all less than 5, respectively. For 4-, 5- and 6-year-old bamboo carbonized materials, the absolute difference of calorific value of each part was below 1.38 kJ·g-1, and the relative difference was under 3%. The high calorific value of bamboo charcoal was positively correlated with fixed carbon content, but negatively correlated with ash content. According to the relationships between the carbonization temperature, calorific value and fixed carbon of bamboo charcoal, the deduced empirical formulas were as follows: Q=0.001 8C2-0.111C+28.099(R2=0.72), C=26.934lnT-93.122(R2=0.88). Conclusion: 1) The diversity exists between calorific value and proximate analysis of bamboo charcoals carbonized from different bamboo species, which depends on the structural characteristics of bamboo species. The calorific value of carbonized materials of the same bamboo species at the base is higher than that at the middle and top parts, which is attributed to the higher lignin content at the base. In addition, bamboo ages and growth parts have no significant influences on calorific value and proximate analysis. 2) There is a linear relationship between the calorific value of bamboo charcoal and the fixed carbon and ash content, of which the calorific value is positively correlated with fixed carbon content and negatively correlated with ash content. The deduced empirical formulas Q=0.001 8C2-0.111C+28.099(R2=0.72) and C=26.934lnT-93.122(R2=0.88).

Key words: bamboo species, bamboo age, bamboo part, calorific values, proximate analysis, empirical formula

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