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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 115-124.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210613

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省3种主要火源引发森林火灾的次数和面积时空分布特征

尹赛男,王东昶,单延龙*,韩喜越,高博,王明霞   

  1. 北华大学林学院 吉林 132013
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-30 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-08-06
  • 通讯作者: 单延龙
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0207800);国家自然科学基金项目(31971669)

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Forest Fires (Frequency and Area) Caused by Three Main Fire Sources in Heilongjiang Province

Sainan Yin,Dongchang Wang,Yanlong Shan*,Xiyue Han,Bo Gao,Mingxia Wang   

  1. Forestry College of Beihua University Jilin 132013
  • Received:2019-10-30 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-08-06
  • Contact: Yanlong Shan

摘要:

目的: 根据森林火灾历史资料,研究黑龙江省由雷击火、农事用火、野外吸烟火源引起森林火灾的时空格局,为该地区火源管理和森林火灾预防提供科学依据。方法: 以黑龙江省1997-2017年森林火灾资料为基础,分别分析3种火源的时间变化特征;通过双因素方差分析方法,分析3种火源在不同月份和日内时刻造成火场总面积的差异性;使用多距离空间聚类分析方法(Ripley's K函数)分析3种火源的空间分布格局。结果: 黑龙江省1997-2017年由雷击火引起的森林火灾最频繁,危害也最大,且近年来发生次数有所增加;雷击火主要聚集发生在大兴安岭地区,以6月和7月发生最频繁;每年9月16:00-16:59由雷击火引发的森林火灾每次造成的火场总面积均值最大。农事用火和野外吸烟引起的森林火灾次数和火场总面积在1997-2017年呈波动式下降,且主要发生在4月和5月;农事用火引起的森林火灾在6月12:00-12:59和9月16:00-16:59每次造成的火场总面积均值最大;而野外吸烟火源造成的火场总面积在月和日上均不存在差异,说明针对该种火源在发生频率高、危害程度大的时间都应重点防范。从空间上看,农事用火主要聚集分布在黑河市市辖区、嫩江县、逊克县、七台河市等地;野外吸烟则主要聚集分布在松岭林业局、加格达奇林业局、逊克县、嘉荫县、七台河市和鸡东县等地。结论: 随着黑龙江省火源管控、林火监测和扑救能力的逐渐加强致使雷击火、野外吸烟、农事用火在近年造成的火场总面积相比之前都有大幅下降;森林火灾多发生于春季和夏季;3种火源引发的森林火灾在空间上都呈聚集分布,主要聚集在西北部的大兴安岭地区,北部黑河、伊春地区及东南部七台河地区。

关键词: 黑龙江省, 森林火灾火源, 时间变化, 空间格局

Abstract:

Objective: In this study,the temporal and spatial patterns of forest fires caused by lightning,agricultural fire and smoking fire were analyzed based on the historical data of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province,which would provide scientific basis for management of forest fires in this area. Method: Based on the data of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province from 1997-2017, the temporal variations of three fire sources were analyzed respectively. The differences of the total fire areas caused by three fire sources in different months and days were analyzed by two factor analysis of variance. The spatial distribution patterns of three fire sources were analyzed by multi distance spatial clustering analysis (Ripley's K function). Result: From 1997 to 2017, the forest fires caused by lightning fire were the most frequent and harmful among the forest fires in Heilongjiang Province,and the number of the occurence increased in recent years. Lightning fire occurred mainly in Daxing'anling area,and most frequently in June and July. However,the average area of forest fires caused by lightning was the largest from 16:00-16:59 in September every year. The frequency and total area of the other two forest fires (caused by agricultural fire and field smoking) mainly occurred in April and May,showing a fluctuating decline from 1997-2017. The agricultural fire-caused maximum forest fires (average area) annually occurred from 12:00-12:59 in June and from 16:00-16:59 in September. However,there was no difference in the total area of fire sites caused by smoking fire over months and days in the field,indicating that fire prevention should be focused on the fire source in the time of high frequency and high degree of harm. From the perspective of space,agricultural fire mainly occurred in Heihe municipal district,Nenjiang County,sunke County and Qitaihe City; smoking fire mainly in Songling Forestry Bureau,Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau,Xunke County,Jiayin County,Qitaihe City and Jidong County. Conclusion: With the gradual strengthening of fire source control,forest fire monitoring and fighting capacity in Heilongjiang Province,a total area of forest fires (including lightning,field smoking and agricultural fire) has decreased significantly in recent years compared with that before. Most of the forest fires occur in spring and summer. The forest fires caused by the three fire sources are mainly concentrated in Daxing'anling area in the northwest,Heihe and Yichun in the North and Qitaihe in the southeast.

Key words: Heilongjiang Province, forest fire source, temporal change, spatial pattern

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