漆饰贴面刨花板VOCs及气味释放

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200515

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探索漆饰贴面刨花板VOCs及气味释放特性，分析环境因素对板材VOCs和气味平衡状态释放组分的影响，为人造板气味研究提供基础性数据。方法: 以硝基涂料贴面刨花板和水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板为研究对象，建立单因素试验方案，使用气相色谱-质谱/嗅觉测量技术对板材在不同环境条件下释放VOCs和气味情况进行分析，确定2种漆饰贴面刨花板特征气味物质和可能性来源的同时探索环境因素的影响，并对2种板材的VOCs和气味释放情况进行综合评价。结果: 相比硝基涂料贴面刨花板，水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板释放TVOC浓度低、气味化合物数量少且总气味强度低，2种板材均以芳香族化合物和酯类化合物超标最为严重。硝基涂料贴面刨花板主要气味来源为芳香族化合物、酯类和醇类物质，水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板主要气味来源为芳香族化合物和醇类物质。不同气味特征化合物的气味强度与其质量浓度没有直接相关性，但同一种气味特征化合物的质量浓度在一定程度上影响其气味强度大小。随着空气交换律与负载因子比增加，硝基涂料和水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板TVOC释放量和总气味强度降低。随着温度升高，硝基涂料和水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板TVOC释放量和总气味强度增大。随着湿度增加，硝基涂料贴面刨花板TVOC释放量和总气味强度增大，而水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板TVOC释放量和总气味强度减小。硝基涂料贴面刨花板气味物质浓度占TVOC浓度的比例随温度和相对湿度升高而增加，水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板气味物质浓度占TVOC浓度的比例随温度和相对湿度升高而减小，空气交换律与负载因子比对气味物质浓度占TVOC浓度的比例影响不大。结论: 气相色谱-质谱/嗅觉测量技术可作为人造板及家具材料气味研究的手段。相比硝基涂料贴面刨花板，水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板更适宜作为室内装饰材料使用。2种漆饰贴面刨花板的总气味强度和气味评级可通过高斯函数初步建立拟合关系。

关键词: 硝基涂料贴面刨花板, 水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板, 挥发性有机化合物(VOCs), 气味, 环境因素, 主客观综合评价

Abstract:

Objective: This study was carried out to explore the release characteristics of VOCs and odor from lacquer veneer particleboards,at the same time,analyze the influence of environmental factors on the components of VOCs and odor in the equilibrium state. Two kinds of lacquer Fraxinus mandshurica veneer particleboards were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy/olfactometry in this research. The emission of VOCs and odors from different lacquer veneer particleboards was compared,and the basic data were provided for further odor research. Method: This paper established a single factor experiment matched to the appropriate environmental conditions to analyze the release rule of VOC and odor from nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboards and water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboards under different environmental factors. On the one hand,the characteristic odor compound and their resources from lacquer particleboards were indentified. On the other hand,the effects of environmental factors on the VOCs and the odor release of lacquer particleboards were investigated. Finally,the VOCs and odor release of the two lacquer veneer particleboards were evaluated by the method of "synthetic index-olfactory evaluation method ". Result: Compared with nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboard,water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboard has a lower TVOC concentration,less odor amount and lower total odor intensity. Aromatics and esters exceeded the standard most seriously in both kinds of boards. The main components of odor emission released from nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboards were aromatic,esters,and alcohols,whereas,those of water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboard's were aromatics and alcohols. For different odorous compounds,there was no direct correlation between odor intensity and its concentration,but,for the same odorant compound,its concentration affected the odor intensity somewhat. Furthermore,with the increase of ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor,the TVOC emission concentration and total value of odor intensity from two kinds of lacquer particleboards declined,but it increased with the temperature increase. At the same time,when relative humidity increased,the TVOC emission concentration and total value of odor intensity from nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboards increased,but the TVOC emission concentration and total value of odor intensity from water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboards declined. The proportion of the odor substance concentration in the total VOCs concentration decreased with the increase of temperature and relative humidity. The ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor had a little effect. Conclusion: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy/olfactometry could be used as a method to detect the odor from wood-based panels and furniture materials. Compared with nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboard,water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboard might be a more suitable material for interior decoration. The total odor intensity and odor grade of two kinds of painted veneer particleboard might be fitted by Gaussian function.

Key words: nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboard, water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboard, volatile organic compounds(VOCs), odor, environmental factors, synthetic index-olfactory evaluation method

中图分类号:

TS653

王启繁,沈隽,曾彬,王慧玉,曹田雨,董华君. 漆饰贴面刨花板VOCs及气味释放[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 130-142.

Qifan Wang,Jun Shen,Bin Zeng,Huiyu Wang,Tianyu Cao,Huajun Dong. VOCs and Odor Emission from Lacquer Veneer Particleboards[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(5): 130-142.

图/表 9

表1

图1

表2

表3

表4

2种漆饰贴面刨花板释放VOCs主要成分"

分类 Classification	硝基涂料贴面刨花板VOCs组分 VOCs components of nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboard	水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板VOCs组分 VOCs components of water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboard
芳香族化合物 Aromatic compounds	乙苯Ethylbenzene，邻二甲苯O-Xylene，1-乙基-2-甲基-苯1-ethyl-2-methyl-Benzene，丙基苯Propyl-Benzene，1-乙基-3-甲基苯1-ethyl-3-methyl-Benzene，1, 2, 4-三甲基苯1, 2, 4-trimethyl-Benzene，1, 3, 5-三甲基苯1, 3, 5-trimethyl-Benzene，1, 2, 4, 5-四甲基苯1, 2, 4, 5-tetramethyl-Benzene，1, 2, 3, 4-四氢-萘1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-Naphthalene，1-亚甲基-1H-茚1-methylene-1H-Indene、环己基-苯Cyclohexyl-Benzene、丁基化羟基甲苯Butylated Hydroxytoluene	苯Benzene、乙苯Ethylbenzene，对二甲苯p-Xylene，苯乙烯Styrene，1, 3-二甲基苯1, 3-dimethyl-Benzene，1-乙基-2-甲基苯1-ethyl-2-methyl-Benzene，1-乙基-3-甲基苯1-ethyl-3-methyl-Benzene，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯Dimethyl phthalate
烷烃Alkanes	十一烷Undecane	六甲基环三硅氧烷Hexamethyl-Cyclotrisiloxane
酮类Ketones	2, 6-二甲基-4-庚酮2, 6-dimethyl-4-Heptanone，4, 6-二甲基-2-庚酮4, 6-dimethyl-2-Heptanone	—
酯类Esters	乙酸1-甲基丙酯Acetic acid 1-methylpropyl ester，乙酸2-甲基丙酯Acetic acid 2-methylpropyl ester，丁酸乙酯Butanoic acid ethyl ester，乙酸丁酯Acetic acid butyl ester，3-甲基-2-丁醇乙酸酯3-methyl-acetate 2-Butanol，2-戊醇乙酸酯2-Pentanol acetate，乙酸2-丁氧基乙酯2-Butoxyethyl acetate	乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate，乙酸2-甲基丙酯Acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester，乙酸丁酯Acetic acid, butyl ester
醇类Alcohols	1-丙醇1-Propanol，(ñ)-2-丁醇(ñ)-2-Butanol，2-甲基-1-丙醇2-methyl-1-Propanol，1-丁醇1-Butanol，3-甲基-2-丁醇3-methyl-2-Butanol，2-戊醇2-Pentanol，2-丁氧基-乙醇2-butoxy-Ethanol，(E)-6-壬烯-1-醇(E)-6-Nonen-1-ol，2-丙基-1-戊醇2-Propyl-1-pentanol，2, 6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇2, 6-dimethyl-7-Octen-2-ol	3-甲基乙酸酯2-丁醇3-methyl-acetate2-Butanol，2-丁氧基-乙醇2-butoxy-Ethanol，1-(2-甲氧基丙氧基)-2-丙醇1-(2-methoxypropoxy)-2-Propanol，2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)-乙醇2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-Ethanol
其他Other	2-甲基丙酯丁酸2-methylpropyl ester Butanoic acid	二丙二醇单甲醚Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether，2-甲基-1-(1, 1-二甲基乙基)-2-甲基-1, 3-丙二基酯丙酸2-methyl-1-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1, 3-propanediyl esterPropanoic acid

表4

表5

漆饰贴面刨花板气味特征化合物组分"

化合物 Compounds	保留指数 Retention index	质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (μg·m^-3)	毒性分级 Toxicity grade	气味特征 Odor characteristics	气味强度 Odor intensity
硝基涂料贴面刨花板Nitrocellulose lacquer veneered particleboard
2-戊醇2-Pentanol	683	336.45	低毒Low	酸涩葡萄Sour grape wine	1.5
乙酸1-甲基丙酯Acetic acid 1-methylpropyl ester	737	3 753.36	微毒Slight	清甜果香Fresh, sweet, fruit	4
乙酸2-甲基丙酯Acetic acid 2-methylpropyl ester	755	1 111.47	微毒Slight	清甜果香Fresh, sweet, fruit	4
丁酸乙酯Butanoic acid ethyl ester	787	20.06	微毒Slight	甜果香Sweet, fruit	0
乙酸丁酯Butanoic acid ethyl ester	801	4 358.35	微毒Slight	清甜果香Fresh, sweet, fruit	4.5
3-甲基-2-丁醇乙酸酯3-methyl-acetate 2-Butanol	840	2 446.25	微毒Slight	香蕉、烧焦皮革Banana, burned leather	2
乙苯Ethylbenzene	853	11 147.52	低毒Low	芳香Aromatic	3.5
邻二甲苯O-Xylene	862	5 326.01	低毒Low	苦杏仁Bitter almonds	2
2-丁氧基-乙醇2-butoxy-Ethanol	904	23.54	低毒Low	皮革Leather	3
(E)-6-壬烯-1-醇(E)-6-Nonen-1-ol	919	2 327.82	低毒Low	甜橘香Sweet orange	2
2, 6-二甲基-4-庚酮2, 6-dimethyl-4-Heptanone	959	302.02	微毒Slight	薄荷香Minty note	1.5
1, 2, 4-三甲基苯1, 2, 4-trimethyl-Benzene	981	48.06	低毒Low	芳香Aromatic	1
1, 3, 5-三甲基苯1, 3, 5-trimethyl-Benzene	1 006	16.11	低毒Low	混杂气味Mixed smell	3
1, 2, 4, 5-四甲基苯1, 2, 4, 5-tetramethyl-Benzene	1 108	24.99	微毒Slight	樟脑味Camphor	0
环己基-苯Cyclohexyl-Benzene	1 404	11.58	低毒Low	奶油Cream	2
2-丁醇2-Butanol	< 600	285.72	低毒Low	青草、葡萄Grass, grape	2
水性丙烯酸涂料贴面刨花板Water based acrylic lacquer veneered particleboard
乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate	600	8.70	微毒Slight	清甜Fresh, sweet	0
苯Benzene	640	9.08	低毒Low	焦味Burnt	1
乙酸2-甲基丙酯Acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester	758	7.64	微毒Slight	清甜果香Fresh, sweet, fruit
乙酸丁酯Acetic acid, butyl ester	800	70.71	微毒Slight	清甜果香Fresh, sweet, fruit	0
乙苯Ethylbenzene	848	209.75	低毒Low	芳香Aromatic	1
对二甲苯p-Xylene	857	475.12	微毒Slight	芳香Aromatic	1.5
苯乙烯Styrene	874	87.08	低毒Low	奶油Cream	3
1, 3-二甲基苯1, 3-dimethyl-Benzene	878	183.84	低毒Low	芳香甜Aromatic, sweet	2.25
2-丁氧基-乙醇2-butoxy-Ethanol	890	71.40	低毒Low	皮革、酱香Leather, soybean paste	3.5
1-乙基-2-甲基苯1-ethyl-2-methyl-Benzene	911	6.73	低毒Low	混杂Mixed smell	0
二丙二醇单甲醚Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether	986	1 851.48	微毒Slight	酒精味Alcohol	1
1-(2-甲氧基丙氧基)-2-丙醇 1-(2-methoxypropoxy)-2-Propanol	998	1 140.99	微毒Slight	混杂味道Mixed smell	2
2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基) -乙醇 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-Ethanol	1 169	3 362.85	微毒Slight	清香Fresh	1
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯Dimethyl phthalate	1 462	146.23	微毒Slight	驱蚊剂Anophelifuge	1

表5

图2

图3

图4

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试验方案 Experimental scheme	研究方向 Research direction	温度 Temperature/℃	相对湿度 Relative humidity(%)	空气交换率与负载因子比 Ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor/(m³·h^-1m^-2)
A	人类适宜环境 Suitable environment for human	23	40	0.5
B	温度的影响 The influence of temperature	23/30/40	40	0.5
C	相对湿度的影响 The influence of relative humidity	23	40/60	0.5
D	空气交换率与负载因子之比的影响 The influence of ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor	23	40	0.2/0.5/1.0

分类Classification	刨花板素板VOCs组分VOCs components of particleboard
芳香族化合物 Aromatic compounds	苯Benzene，甲苯Toluene，乙苯Ethylbenzene，1, 3-二甲基苯1, 3-dimethyl-Benzene，苯乙烯Styrene，1-乙基-2-甲基-苯1-ethyl-2-methyl-Benzene，丙基苯propyl-Benzene，1-乙基-3-甲基苯1-ethyl-3-methyl-Benzene，1-乙基-4-甲基-苯1-ethyl-4-methyl-Benzene，1, 2, 4-三甲基苯1, 2, 4-trimethyl-Benzene，1-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙基)-苯1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-Benzene，1-亚甲基-1H-茚1-methylene-1H-Indene，1, 2-苯并异噻唑1, 2-Benzisothiazole己基苯hexyl-Benzene，1-甲基-萘1-methyl-Naphthalene，苊Acenaphthene，芴Fluorene，菲Phenanthrene，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯Dibutyl phthalate
烷烃Alkanes	六甲基-环三硅氧烷Hexamethyl-Cyclotrisiloxane，八甲基环四硅氧烷Octamethyl-Cyclotetrasiloxane，十一烷Undecane，十二甲基环六硅氧烷Dodecamethyl-Cyclohexasiloxane
酮类Ketones	(1S)-1, 7, 7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]庚-2-酮(1S)-1, 7, 7-trimethyl-Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
酯类Esters	乙酸丁酯Acetic acid, butyl ester
醇类Alcohols	2-乙基-1-己醇2-ethyl-1-Hexanol
醛类Aldehydes	己醛Hexanal，壬醛Nonanal
烯烃Alkenes	(ñ)-2, 6, 6-三甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯(ñ)-2, 6, 6-trimethyl-Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene，D-柠檬烯D-Limonene

化合物 Compounds	保留时间 Retention time/min	保留指数 Retention index	质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (μg·m^-3)	气味特征 Odor characteristics	气味强度 Odor intensity
苯Benzene	6.42	642	4.56	焦味Burnt	1
乙苯Ethylbenzene	15.00	849	187.25	芳香Aromatic	1
己醛Hexanal	11.20	775	6.25	甜香Sweet	2
乙酸丁酯Acetic acid, butyl ester	12.39	800	20.47	清甜果香Fresh, sweet, fruit	1
1, 3-二甲基苯1, 3-dimethyl-Benzene	15.46	858	152.56	芳香甜味Aromatic sweet	2
苯乙烯Styrene	16.37	875	101.16	炭味、奶油Charcoal, cream	3
1-乙基-2-甲基-苯1-ethyl-2-methyl-Benzene	18.25	912	2.42	混杂味道Mixed smell	0
1, 2, 4-三甲基苯1, 2, 4-trimethyl-Benzene	21.38	981	4.15	芳香Aromatic	0
D-柠檬烯D-Limonene	23.09	1 023	3.36	柠檬Lemon	0
壬醛Nonanal	25.43	1 085	3.31	油脂香、花香、清新Fatty, flower, fresh	1
1-亚甲基-1H-茚1-methylene-1H-Indene	28.13	1 165	75.60	苦味、油脂Bitter, fatty	2
1-甲基-萘1-methyl-Naphthalene	31.67	1 340	9.44	麦香Wheat	1

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