枣缩果病发生与矿质元素含量的关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190211

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]揭示矿质元素与枣缩果病发生的关系，提出防治枣缩果病的技术措施，为指导枣缩果病这一枣树重大果实病害的科学防治提供理论和技术支撑。[方法]系统比较重病区、轻病区及针对性施肥后枣树叶片和果实中9种主要矿质元素含量在枣缩果病发病过程中的动态变化。[结果]轻病区枣树叶片中K、Mn、Cu和B含量显著高于重病区，而Ca含量显著低于重病区；果实中K、Mn含量高于重病区，Ca含量显著低于重病区。针对性土施K、Mn肥后，叶片和果实中K、Mn含量显著增高，Ca含量显著降低，枣缩果病的发病率显著降低，由57%降低到15%以下；在补充关键元素（K、Mn）基础上喷施杀菌剂和生长调节剂防治缩果病的效果更好。通过主成分分析，初步确定河北省太行山枣区有效防控枣缩果病的叶片营养指标，即叶片中K含量高于2.06±0.23 mg·g^-1、Mn含量高于261.83±21.54 mg·kg^-1、Ca含量低于1.07±0.11 mg·g^-1。[结论]枣缩果病的发生与K、Mn含量低和Ca含量高有密切关系，补充K、Mn可有效防控枣缩果病。该研究可提供通过土壤施用K、Mn有效防控枣缩果病的新途径。

关键词: 枣, 缩果病, 钾, 锰, 钙, 林木病害

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed to investigate the relationships between soil mineral element contents and fruit shrinking disease (FSD) in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and explore effective control methods of FSD,in order to provide theoretical and technological support for the prevention of the serious jujube fruit disease.[Method] This study systematically compared the dynamic changes of nine main mineral elements in leaves and fruits of jujube in the course of occurrence of jujube fruit shrinkage disease in severe and light FSD area as well as targeted fertilization areas.[Result] The contents of potassium,manganese,copper and boron in leaves in light disease area were significantly higher than those in severe disease area,while the calcium content in leaves in light disease area was significantly lower than that in severe disease area.The potassium and manganese contents in fruits in light disease area were significantly higher than those in severe disease area,and the calcium content in fruits in light disease area is significantly lower than that in severe disease area.After targeted fertilization of potassium and manganese,FSD incidence was significantly reduced from 57% to 15%,meanwhile potassium and manganese contents in leaves and fruits significantly increased but calcium contents significantly reduced.Spraying fungicides and growth regulators on the basis of supplementing K and Mn is more effective in controlling fruit shrinkage.The optimal nutritional index in leaves for controlling FSD in Taihang Mountains jujube growing regions was preliminarily determined by using the principal component analysis,i.e.,potassium content in leaves was higher than 2.06±0.23 mg·g^-1,manganese content was higher than 261.83±21.54 mg·kg^-1,and calcium content was lower than 1.07±0.11 mg·g^-1.[Conclusion] The occurrence of FSD is closely related to lower contents of potassium and manganese and higher content of calcium.This study provides a new effective way to prevent and cure fruit shrinking disease via soil potassium and manganese application in Chinese jujube.

Key words: Chinese jujube, fruit shrinking disease, potassium, manganese, calcium, tree disease

中图分类号:

S763.19

张宣, 宋韬亮, 刘平, 刘孟军. 枣缩果病发生与矿质元素含量的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 109-117.

Zhang Xuan, Song Taoliang, Liu Ping, Liu Mengjun. Relationships between Fruit Shrinking Disease and Mineral Element Contents in Ziziphus jujuba[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(2): 109-117.

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