盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对沙枣苗木生长和生理的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160603

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 研究盐碱胁迫下丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对沙枣苗木的生长和生理的影响,以期探索AM真菌提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱机制,为菌根化沙枣苗木在盐碱地推广应用提供理论基础。[方法] 采用盆栽法研究了4种不同土壤盐碱度下分别接种根内球囊霉和摩西球囊霉对沙枣苗木的生长影响,并对沙枣苗木的光合特性、Na⁺和K⁺含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等各项生理指标进行测定。[结果] 2种AM真菌均能与沙枣苗木建立共生关系,且GI处理对苗木的侵染率显著高于接种GM处理,但随着土壤中盐浓度增加,沙枣苗木菌根侵染率有所降低。在同一盐碱度下接种AM真菌可显著促进沙枣幼苗的生长,在中度盐碱胁迫下(含盐量1.56%,pH 9.52),接种GI和GM的沙枣苗木株高分别较未接种AM真菌植株增加了20.07%,9.68%,植株干生物量显著增加;AM真菌可显著提高盐碱胁迫下沙枣幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和光合生理特性,其叶片净光合速率P_n、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度G_s、胞间二氧化碳浓度C_i均显著高于未接种AM真菌处理的幼苗(P<0.05)。接种GI和GM处理植株叶片组织内SOD,CAT和POD酶活性显著高于对照处理,但根系及叶片组织内丙二醛含量显著低于对照处理的植株,而其脯氨酸含量却都表现出显著提高。接种AM真菌沙枣根系和叶片中Na⁺含量较未接种处理植株显著下降,K⁺含量和K⁺/Na⁺比值显著提高。[结论] 接种AM真菌能显著提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱能力。接种根内球囊霉的沙枣苗木的生长及抗盐碱胁迫能力的各项生理指标均显著高于接种摩西球囊霉处理的苗木,表明根内球囊霉在盐碱地改良方面具有很好的推广应用前景。

关键词: AM真菌, 盐碱胁迫, 沙枣, 生理生化机制

Abstract: [Objective] In order to reveal the mechanism of increasing salinity tolerance of Elaeagnus angustifolia inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and provide theoretic basis for application of the fungi in salinity soil, the effects of AMF on growth and physiology of E. angustifolia were investigated in this research. [Method] The growth effect of E. angustifolia seedlings respectively inoculated with Glomus intraradices (GI) and Glomus mosseae (GM) were determined in four kinds of soil salinity with a potted experiment. Meanwhile, physiological indicators, including photosynthetic characteristics, Na⁺ and K⁺ content, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, were detected.[Results] In this experiment, the two AMF were all able to establish symbiotic relationship with E. angustifolia. The colonization rate of G. intraradices was significantly higher than that of G. mosseae. However, mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increasing level of salinity in soil. In addition, the growth of E. angustifolia seedlings inoculated with AMF was significantly enhanced. In moderate salinity stress (total salt 1.56%, pH 9.52), the height of E. angustifolia seedlings inoculated with GI and GM increased by 20.07% and 9.68% than the non-mycorrhizal control, respectively. The dry biomass of mycorrhizal seedlings increased significantly. Besides, AMF significantly increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of E. angustifolia. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (G_s), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) were significantly higher than those of the non-inoculated control (P<0.05). In GI and GM treatments, the activity of SOD, CAT, and POD in leaves were higher than those of non-mycorrhizal seedlings. However, the content of MDA decreased in the roots and leaves of mycorrhizal seedlings. The proline content increased significantly. The Na⁺ concentrations significantly decreased in roots and leaves of GI and GM treated seedlings, but the K⁺ concentrations and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio increased. [Conclusion] Inoculation with AMF could promote the tolerance of E. angustifolia to salinity. The growth and physiological performance of E. angustifolia seedlings inoculated with G. intraradices were significantly better than those of seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae. This research results indicate that G. intraradices has good application prospect in the improvement of saline land.

Key words: AM fungi, salinity stress, Elaeagnus angustifolia, physiological and biochemical mechanisms

中图分类号:

孙玉芳, 宋福强, 常伟, 范晓旭. 盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对沙枣苗木生长和生理的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(6): 18-27.

Sun Yufang, Song Fuqiang, Chang Wei, Fan Xiaoxu. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Physiology of Elaeagnus angustifolia Seedlings Subjected to Salinity Stress[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(6): 18-27.

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