剥皮对杜仲次生代谢物含量及伤害修复能力的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170618

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 研究不同剥皮处理对杜仲次生代谢物含量及伤害修复能力的影响，为杜仲资源的合理利用提供借鉴。[方法] 以5年生杜仲为研究对象，分别进行50%、75%、100%剥皮处理，以植株不剥皮为对照，研究116天内杜仲叶片可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、绿原酸、总黄酮、京尼平苷酸的含量变化。[结果] 不同剥皮处理的杜仲叶片可溶性糖含量随剥皮时间均呈先上升后迅速下降并基本保持稳定的趋势；除21天和36天外，50%、75%剥皮处理间杜仲叶片可溶性糖含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）；36天时，100%剥皮处理的可溶性糖含量最高，为对照的1.3倍。不同剥皮处理均使杜仲叶片游离脯氨酸（Fpro）含量增加，其中，100%剥皮处理Fpro含量在86天前显著高于对照，86天后与对照无显著差异。不同剥皮处理的杜仲叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量随剥皮时间均呈先升高后降低的趋势，在21天时达到最大值。剥皮处理后，杜仲叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性显著增加，21天时达到最大值，50%、75%、100%剥皮处理的杜仲叶片PAL活性分别为对照的2、2.1和2.6倍，21天后不同剥皮处理的PAL活性均呈下降趋势。剥皮处理后，杜仲叶片绿原酸含量出现2次显著增加，分别在21天和56天，其中56天时75%剥皮处理的叶片绿原酸含量显著高于对照及其他剥皮处理（P<0.05），56天后不同剥皮处理的绿原酸含量均迅速降低。不同剥皮处理杜仲叶片总黄酮含量随剥皮时间显著增加，在21天时达到峰值，50%、75%、100%剥皮处理的叶片总黄酮含量分别为对照的1.2、1.3和1.9倍，41天后不同剥皮处理与对照间总黄酮含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。不同剥皮处理杜仲叶片京尼平苷酸含量与绿原酸含量变化规律相似，京尼平苷酸含量在21天和56天时显著增加，其中又以75%剥皮处理的叶片京尼平苷酸含量增加最为明显，116天时不同剥皮处理的京尼平苷酸含量与对照均无显著差异（P>0.05）。[结论] 剥皮处理对杜仲植株有一定程度的伤害，但经过植物多方面的调节，这种伤害能得到修复；75%剥皮量有利于杜仲树体恢复，且可提高杜仲叶中次生代谢物含量。

关键词: 杜仲, 剥皮, 抗性, 渗透调节物, 次生代谢物

Abstract: [Objective] In this study, effects of different barking treatments on secondary metabolites of Eucommia ulmoides and its ability of repairing injury were investigated to provide a reference for rational utilization the trees. [Method] The content of the soluble sugar, malonaldehyde (MDA), free proline (Fpro), chlorogenic acid, total flavone, geniposidic acid and the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) in leaves of E. ulmoides were tested over 116 days after treatments with 50%, 75% and 100% barking. [Result] Under different barking treatments, the content of soluble sugar in E. ulmoides leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing to a stable level; except for 21 days and 36 days, 50% barking and 75% barking did not significantly change the soluble sugar content in leaves(P>0.05); after 36 days, 100% barking obviously led to an increase in soluble sugar content, by 1.3-fold of the control. Different barking treatments remarkably led to an increase in Fpro content, among them, 100% barking was obviously higher than that in the control before 86 days, had no significant difference with control after 86 days (P<0.05). As the barking degree increased, the MDA content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in E. ulmoides leaves, the MDA content reached maximum value in 21 days after barking treatments. The results showed that different barking treatments all significantly increased the PAL activity in leaves, the maximum activity of PAL was reached in 21 days, and by then the 50%, 75% and 100% barking treatments increased the PAL activity by 2-fold, 2.1-fold and 2.6-fold of the control, respectively. The PAL activity showed a trend of decline with different treatment after 21 days. With different barking treatments, the content of chlorogenic acid in leaves had two peaks in 21 days and 56 days, and 75% barking treatment was obviously higher than other barking treatments and control (P<0.05), while the content of chlorogenic acid declined significantly after 56 days. The content of total flavone in leaves significantly increased under the different treatments(P<0.05), the content of total flavone reached maximum value in 21 days after barking treatments, and by then the 50%, 75% and 100% barking treatments increased the value of total flavone by 1.2-fold, 1.3-fold and 1.9-fold of the control. After 41 days, the content of total flavone had no significant difference with control(P>0.05). The content of geniposidic acid in leaves had the similar dynamics with chlorogenic acid, two peaks occurred in 21 days and 56 days. In 56 days, the content of chlorogenic acid in leaves was much higher than 21 days, and 75% barking treatment obviously led to an increase in content of geniposidic acid. However the content of geniposidic acid had no significant difference with control after 116 days(P>0.05).[Conclusion] It appears that barking treatments do harm to E. ulmoides to some degree, but the harm could be repaired after its comprehensive regulations. The 75% barking treatments in E. ulmoides is an optimal choice and secondary metabolites in the leaves of E. ulmoides could reach maximum values.

Key words: Eucommia ulmoides, barking, resistance, osmotic adjustment substances, secondary metabolites

中图分类号:

S718.43

曹瑞致, 张馨宇, 杨大伟, 夏广东, 董娟娥. 剥皮对杜仲次生代谢物含量及伤害修复能力的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(6): 151-158.

Cao Ruizhi, Zhang Xinyu, Yang Dawei, Xia Guangdong, Dong Juan. Effects of Different Barking Treatments on Secondary Metabolites of Eucommia ulmoides and Its Ability of Repairing Injury[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(6): 151-158.

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