[Objective] In this study, the tree control technology was applied in order to solve low yield of Sapindus mukorossi biodiesel feedstock forest. This paper is focus on revealing tree canopy with improper light intensity, and hence provides the theoretical and technical support.[Method] The light illumination in different parts of naturally growing trees was measured for 2 years. The number of flowers and fruit yield index, controlling opening angle and number of backbone branches, thinning out of fruiting-shoot were measured and two-factor interaction validation was conducted in this research.[Rusult] 1) The light intensity of naturally growing trees were unreasonable—the interior canopy light intensity was only 10% to 15% of the space's. A model was established between light intensity and yield after regulating the canopy structure, y=-0.011 9x²+5.926 3x-565.37(R²=0.738 38) and the best light intensity could range from (200-270)×100 lx. 2) The main phenological phases could also be inferred according to double peaks of light intensity of the naturally growing trees' canopy. In May, at the reproductive growth prophase, trees badly need nutrition, and form the first peak of light intensity. In June, in the turning process from the leaves-sprout stage to the fruit-set stage, the light intensity becomes to a lower level. In August, with leaves falling gradually, light intensity increases to the second peak and then enters into a relatively stable phase. 3) Trimming and pruning operations could be determined by different light distribution proportion. Generally speaking, compared with the space's light intensity, exterior canopy's is 40%-54%, central canopy's is 32%-35%, and interior canopy's is 27%-31% after pruning, which may increase the yield by two or three times and make use of light effectively. 4)The experiment was conducted by setting up different backbone branches numbers (3, 4, 5), opening angles (30°,45°,60°,90°) and leaving fruiting branches (8-20). The experimental results showed that the radial distribution of three backbone branches and five backbone branches was able to effectively improve the light by two or three times compared to control. The yield and light intensity of four backbone branches were lowest. The yield of five backbone branches declined at a rate of 25% year by year. However the yield of three backbone branches showed a steady-state trend for several years. As for opening angles, the yield of the 90° treatment was highest in 2013 but decreased in a rate of 50% after first year, suggesting a premature aging phenomenon. With the treatment of 45° opening angle for three years, the annual yield was lowest. The 60° opening angle treatment had stable yield and light intensity and was the best among the all treatments. As for the fruiting branches, the treatment of 16-18 fruiting branches contributed to the highest yield of 347 g[DK]·m^-2.[Conclusion] In general,three backbone branches, 60° opening angle and leaving 16-18 fruiting branches per m² crown projection area could most effectively improve light intensity and the yield by one or two times, which is consistent with the results of two-factor interaction validation. The findings suggest that standardizing, gardening, intensive cultivation techniques system should be all combined with selecting excellent-genetic S.mukorossi and highly efficient and intensive techniques, so as to form an integrate tree management technology to enhance feedstock forest's production.

[Objective] A newly found rust disease widely infests leaves of Dalbergia tonkinensis (Papilionaceae) which is a high economic tree species for furniture in China, growing in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, but its pathogen is unknown. This study described the symptoms of the rust disease on D. tonkinensis and its spore morphology, then extracted the pathogen DNA, and amplified it by ITS, with which the pathogen was identified. [Method] The period of occurrence and the rate of disease incidence of D. tonkinensis were investigated on the spot, and symptoms of the disease were observed and recorded. In order to acquire the isolation of pathogen and purification, pathogenicity test was conducted by artificially inoculating healthy leaves of D. tonkinensis with urediniospore suspension. We obtained a strain of D. tonkinensis rust pure culture HNCM1 by single spore separation. The pathogen was identified with the method of the spore morphology observation combined with ITS sequence analysis.[Result] The rust of D. tonkinensis occurred on the leaves and twigs, mainly on young tender leaves, and outbroke 2 times a year, in early April to early June and mid September to early November, respectively. The disease incidence rate of D. tonkinensis was able to reach more than 75%. Uredinia hypophyllous was yellow, and powdery,at early stage, generally bore on the round or oval small projection of the abaxial leaf surface, 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter, scattered or gregarious, which might cause leaf roll or deformation, even death of whole leaf. Urediniospores were globoid or obovoid, (13-21) μm×(10-16) μm, yellow, echinulate, germ pores obscure. Telia were similar to uredini, pale white, colloid, found occasionally when it became cold. Teliospores were oblong-obovoid, oblong-ellipsoid or clavoid, (19-28) μm× (13-16)μm, single cell, wall ca. 1 μm thick, colourless, smooth, pedicels 7-10 μm long. ITS sequence of the pathogen was around 750 bp nucleotide long, and the product was then 640 bp after bidirectional sequencing and splicing, which only shared at most 90% homology with the recorded sequences in Gen Bank. [Conclusion] Based on morphological and molecular identification, the pathogen causing rust disease of D. tonkinensis is Maravalia pterocarpi in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, a fungal species which belongs to pucciniaceae maravalia of basidiomycota. The GenBank accession number of HNCM1 is KU301795. This is the first report of Maravalia pterocarpi paratisizing on D. tonkinensis and causing rust disease in China, as well as the first time to analyze Maravalia pterocarpi from the angle of the molecular biology.