The self-organizing feature map (SOM) was applied to the classification and ordination of Picea wilsonii forests in the Luya Mountain Nature Reserve. It was shown that 60 quadrats were classified into 8 groups, representing 8 types of plant communities. These communities had obvious differences in species composition and structure. Each type had its boundary and distributional range on the ordination map. The SOM clustering showed significant ecological meanings and revealed the relationships among communities. Additionally, by using a visualizing method of environmental factor gradient on topology map, SOM indicated that elevation, slope position and slope were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of P. wilsonii forests. The SOM ordination clearly showed ecological gradients and revealed the relationships among communities and environmental factors. This study suggests that SOM is a very effective quantitative technique in plant ecology, and it is applicable to describe community characteristics and to analyze relationship between communities and environmental variables.

A chloroform fumigation extraction method was used to investigate seasonal variations in microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen concentration in four forests (i.e. Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, Pinus massoniana+ Lithocarpus glaber mixed forest, Choerospondias axillaris deciduous broad -leaved forest, and L. glaber+ Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest) in middle hilly region of Hunan Province. Correlation analyses were performed on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen concentration against soil nutrients and moisture. The results showed that the average concentration of total soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in all soil layers were similar and increased with increase in the tree species richness in stands. The concentrations of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were higher in C. axillaris deciduous stand and L. glaber+ C. glauca evergreen broad-leaved stand than that in P. massoniana+ L. glaber mixed stands and C. lanceolata plantations. The highest concentrations of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen occurred in C. axillaries deciduous stand while the lowest concentrations occurred in C. lanceolata plantation. The ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen to total nitrogen were highest in C. axillaris deciduous stand, and lowest in P. massoniana+ L. glaber mixed stand, ranging from 2.3%-2.9% and 4.5%-6.4%, respectively. The seasonal variations in concentrations of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen displayed a single peak (the highest value was in summer while the lowest value was in winter, or the highest value was in autumn while the lowest value was in spring). The seasonal fluctuation amplitude of microbial biomass carbon in P. massoniana+ L. glaber mixed forest, C. lanceolata plantation were significantly different compared with other two forests, but there was no significant difference in microbial biomass nitrogen; There were positive and significant (P < 0.05) correlations between soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen with total organic carbon, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, but no significant correlation with soil water contents (P>0.05). The results indicated that soil moisture was not the controlling factor for seasonal variations in soil microbial biomass in the four forests. The differences in total organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were affected by environmental factors exsiting in the four forests and in turn resulted in differences in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen concentration and their seasonal variations in the four forests.

Ecosystem services provide a wide range of essential goods and services to humanity. With deeply understanding of coupled human and natural systems, evaluation of ecosystem service value is becoming a hot spot of ecological economics and environmental economics. Based on land use data, ecosystem service value of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section) from 1986 to 2010 was calculated by using Costanza's method and modified ecosystem service value coefficients. The temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem service value was quantitatively analyzed to understand the ecosystem service value change and to provide useful information for policymakers concerned with sustainable development of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Results showed that during the past 25 years the ecosystem service value of the study area decreased at first and then increased across 1986 and 2010. Especially, after entering into the 21^st century, change rate of the ecosystem service value was greatly increased. The ecosystem service value of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section) was 9.53×10¹⁰ Yuan, 9.48×10¹⁰ Yuan, 9.43×10¹⁰ Yuan, 9.68×10¹⁰ Yuan in 1986, 1995, 2000, and 2010, respectively. Forest land was the main provider for the ecosystem service value of the study region, and also contributed most to the total ecological service value. The spatial pattern of ecosystem service value indicated that high value areas mainly located in the east and south of the study region, and low value areas were in the west and north. Overall, in the past 25 years, the core of ecosystem service value moved to the southeast. The global spatial autocorrelation index ranged from 0.473 to 0.498 during the study period, and local spatial autocorrelation showed that ecosystem service value had a spatial connection. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated ecosystem service value in the study area was inelastic to the value coefficients, and the results were credible. Linear regression analysis revealed that ecosystem service value had a significant negative correlation with population density, GDP and urbanization rate, whereas the value had a significant positive correlation with farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery GDP. In respect to future ecological environmental management of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, more attentions should be paid to ecosystem services, especially for the forest land, grassland, and water area. It is also important to develop an efficient ecological industry, to control unreasonable city expansion, and to implement the sustainable development with social economy harmony with natural environment.

MaxEnt ecological model can be used to predict possible distribution range in target region according to the data of geographic distribution and environment factors, which meets the need for identifying the potential cultivation area of plants. In this study, prediction of potential cultivation area for Santalum album in China was carried out with MaxEnt modeling framework based on data of environmental factors, including temperature, rainfall and altitude, collected from wild and cultivated geographic regions. The model constructed by MaxEnt is highly reliable evaluated by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Response curves created by Jackknife method displayed that annual mean temperature, minimum temperature of coldest month, and mean temperature of coldest quarter, which are all related to low temperature, were the dominant environmental variables that mainly contributed to predict cultivation potential, with the proper temperature ranges of 25-30 ℃, 8-17 ℃ and 13-23 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, performances of S. album in different cultivation regions were compared with the predicted map, and the suitability degrees were divided into five categories between 0-1. The region with the suitability degrees between 0-0.4 was not suitable for cultivation, the region between 0.4-0.8 was suitable and the region between 0.8-1.0 was the most suitable. Besides of the traditionally accepted regions such as the hills of the western Hainan province, and Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong province, the southeast coast of Guangdong and Fujian Province was also identified with high suitable for cultivation (0.8-1.0).

A novel tool, named as "Calculator of leaf parameter", for measuring leaf information of mangrove was developed by using automatic classification method and spatial analysis model in ArcGIS10 software. To verify the feasibility of the automatic classification method, 50 different types of reference polygons were measured by the tool. The relative error is less than 1.3%. The area, perimeter, length and width of 900 leaves from six species of mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Acanthus ilicifolius, Kandelia candel, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) in the Fujian Zhangjiang River Estuary Mangrove National Natural Reserve were measured by using the automatic classification, grid paper, photoshop software. The results showed that the leaf of B. gymnorrhiza was largest in the six species and A. marina's was least. The leaf sizes of A. corniculatum and A. marina were relative uniform. The leaf shapes of B. gymnorrhiza and A. ilicifolius were long and narrow and the leaf of H. tiliaceus was nearly circular. It took 10 s for the automatic classification method to measure a leaf information, it took 20 s for photoshop, and it took 600 s for grid paper. The least time was needed by the automatic classification, but the longest time was used by grid paper among the three methods. The results of the three methods were significantly correlated with each other, however the automatic classification method was faster, higher efficiency and more information than the others.

In order to investigate the relationship between the reflection spectral characteristic and the pigment content of Phyllostachys edulis leaves under the high temperature stress, we measured on the determination to the pigment content and the reflection spectrum of the leaves from the 3-years-old potted seedlings of P. edulis subiected to 25 ℃ (CK), 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ treatments. The relationship between the spectral reflectivity, the first derivative spectrum, and the spectrum parameters were analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 and the OriginPro 8.0 software, respectively. Results showed that: with the increased of temperature, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the P. edulis leaves decreased, the value of the reflectance spectrum parameters (SR₇₀₅, PSSRa, PSSRb, rNDVI, mND, PSNDa, RARSb and Mcri) also decreased; The red-edge area (S_red) decreased with the enhancement of the temperature stress level, and the position of red-edge inflection (λ_red) moved to the short-wave direction. There were significant correlations between the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the leaves and reflectance spectra characteristics, first derivative of reflectance spectra at the wavelength regions of blue edge and red edge. Moreover, the correlations were extremely significant between pigment contents and almost all spectral characteristic parameters. These reflectance spectrum parameters can be used to evaluate the content of theleaf pigment, and the damage degree of P. edulis by high temperature.

Pollen grains from 20 species of the genus Picea were examined using the scanning electron microscope, including P. retroflexa, P. koraiensis, P. asperata, P. meyeri, P. crassifolia, P. wilsonii, P. likiangensis, P.likiangensis var. balfouriana, P. purpurea, P. jezoensis var. microsperma, P. neoveitchii, P. schrenkiana var. tianschanica, P. schrenkiana, P. smithiana and P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis in China; P. polita in Japan, P. abies and P. omorika in Europe; and P. glauca and P. mariana in North America. The characteristics of pollen morphology among the species were distinguished using data statistics and photographic analysis. Mean pollen size in the 20 species was from 84.33 to 118.79 μm. According to morphological photography, corpus surface texture of pollens had two types, with or without grains distributing; and two bladders distributed at zygomorphic underside of corpus was found to being distinct edge of cap at near surface in corpus. Its surface texture was smoother and there was no distinct variation among species. Germinal furrow formed clear striate between two bladders. Results showed that the pollen morphology had variability among species, and had conservative within species, which would be a more intuitive and effective palynological index for phylogeny study in Picea.

In this study, the homology-based RT-PCR method and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method were used to clone full-length cDNAs of two CCoAOMT subfamily genes in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The full-length cDNA of CCoAOMT 1 gene is 1 020 bp and contains 738 bp ORF, 106 bp 5'-UTR and 176 bp 3'-UTR, and the full-length cDNA of CCoAOMT 2 gene is 1 047 bp and contains 741 bp ORF, 125 bp 5'-UTR and 158 bp 3'-UTR.The alignment result showed that CCoAOMT 1 and CCoAOMT 2 genomic DNA both contain five exons. Their main difference lay in that there was a alternative 5' splice site at the CCoAOMT 1 's first intron, which could result in formation of two mRNA with different lengths. One mRNA contains 738 bp ORF, and the other has a 42 bp deletion, however this splicing doesn't change the reading frame sequence of posterior amino acids. The alternative splicing of CCoAOMT 1 gene expresses from May to September, at the most vigorous growing stages of Eucalyptus stem, suggesting that this alternative splicing may involve in the development or growth of tissues and organs. Analysis result of protein's three-dimensional structure showed that the CCoAOMT can form the correct active center of enzyme and the substrate binding site. Limitation of the CCoAOMT genes' expression by genetic manipulation may serve as a way to reduce the lignin content in Eucalyptus, which presents a significant prospect in reducing pollutants generated from pulping industry.

This research compared transcriptome of Vernicia fordii flower buds at two different developing stages using RNA-seq technique and then obtained a lot of differentially expressed unigenes. Through GO classification and pathway enrichment analysis, all of these differentially expressed unigenes were classified into 55 GO terms and 128 metabolism pathways, respectively. One hundred and three unigenes identified from transcriptome data were referred to four major plant flowering regulation pathways including photoperiod pathway, verbalization pathway, GA-dependent pathway and autonomous pathway. With the development of flower buds, more and more unigenes' expression levels were up-regulated and the number of up-regulated genes was more than that of down-regulated genes. This research has resolved to some extent the molecular mechanisms regulating mode with flower bud morphological differentiation of V. fordii.

In this study, 60 hybrid clones of Section Airgeiros were used as plant material and I-108(Populus×euramericana‘Guarien’) was the control, combining with the disease resistance, wood and pulping properties, nutrition using efficiency, and the growth testing in seedling in Beijing and multi-regional trials in different ecological areas, such as Linghai of Liaoning Province, Zhucheng,Juancheng,Ninyang and Juxian of Shandong Province, two new pulpwood varieties P.×euramericana cl.‘Bofeng 1’and‘Bofeng 2’were selected. The mean individual volume of‘Bofeng 1’and‘Bofeng 2’were 0.348 7 m³ and 0.323 9 m³ at the age of 6 years in Linghai, Liaoning Province, the growth rate were respectively 23.52% & 14.73% higher than CK I-108(0.282 3 m³). Both the new selected varieties had the characteristics of fast growing, high disease resistance, good wood properties, high nitrogen using efficiency and wide-ranging adaptability. As the new poplar varieties for pulp wood,‘Bofeng 1’and ‘Bofeng 2’are especially suitable to plant in the region around the Bohai Bay in northeast China.

Techniques to detect target tree distances are needed for development of target-oriented sprayers to protect shade trees from pest and disease attacks and reduce pesticide use. A tree image acquisition and mosaicking system used a two-camera hardware platform and a 3-D geometrical algorithm was developed to process dynamic tree image sequences and to calculate the distance between the target tree and the two cameras. The geometric algorithm established the distance as a function of the camera field-of-view, angle between optical axes, distance of two points of camera focus and the overlapping coefficient of mosaicked images. Validation of the algorithm demonstrated that the image acquisition and mosaicking system accurately measure the tree distance within a 6.5 m range. The maximum error within this distance range was 0.27 m or 7.5%.The image mosaicking system would be a potential tool for future development of precision sprayers to deliver the desired amount of sprays to target trees based on the presence and distance of target trees.

Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)is one major tree species in southern china plantation. Poor quality stems, decline in yield and soil fertility have been observed due to condensed planting, pure plantation and short rotation with the rapid increase of Chinese fir afforestation area. This is against the management targets of maximizing plantation's economic benefit, as well as ecological benefit. Close-to-nature forest management(CNFM)is regarded as the best way to equilibrize the ecological, social and economic function of forest utilizing forest natural process. Ten stands grouped three blocks by different treatments were established in experimental center of tropical forestry in Pingxiang, Guangxi Province. T₁ with 47% intensity of thinning and six species at understory, T₂ with 61% intensity of thinning and six species understory, T₀ with no operation as control. Differences of forest characters were found among these three treatments after four years post-operation concerning stand and individual tree volume increment, regeneration species, stand horizontal structure, stand vertical structure, species diversity, importance value of species. the results showed that: stand volume per annual increment(PAI)of stands treated(T₁ and T₂)were greater than that of control plots(T₀), were 7.42, 6.61, 3.36 m³ ·hm^-2, respectively. The diameter at breast height(1.3 m)and volume increments at individual level from large to small were T₁>T₂>T₀, well the order was reversed concerning stand mortality. Consequently, it was better that thinning intensity involved in close-to-nature stand improvement is less than 60%. Broad- leaved tree species replanted understory had protective effect on natural regeneration seedlings, increased stand biodiversity and improved growth condition, therefore facilitated the growth of understory trees to enter the main story. In addition, understory replantation could speed succession process up to reach target forest form-multi-strata, uneven age and mingled forest. The best species mixed in Chinese fir plantation were Quercus griffithii, Castanopsis hystrix, Erythrophleum fordii, and Manglietia glauca. Alnus lanata, Schefflera octophylla, Schima superba and Sapium sebiferum with higher importance value comparing with other natural regeneration species. This study proved the rationality and feasibility of transformation from pure plantation to close-to-nature forest which as final management target, and provided case reference for plantation improvement all over the country according to close-to-nature forest management theory.

Ecological stability is important to maintain ecological function of sand-fixed plantation. This study was conducted in sand-fixed plantation in Huangyangtan, Hebei Province. An index system for ecological stability assessment was established based on 12 parameters in life cycle, tree species resistance and system protection function. The ecological stability of different sand-fixed plantations in the study region was evaluated by using subordinate function of fuzzy mathematics. The result showed that some wind-breaking and sand-fixed forests, including Sabina vulgaris, Caragana korshinskii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Sabina vulgaris×Amorpha fruticosa, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica ×Amorpha fruticosa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, had relatively strong ecological stability. The result suggested these plantations were suitable to local environment, strong resistant to extreme drought, and beneficial for exerting their edological function. The plantations including Ulmus pumila, Salix gordeivii and Populus bolleana, had the middle level of ecological stability. While plantations including Populus simonii×(Populus pyramidalis+Salix matsudana) cv.Poplaris, Populus simonii and Robinia pseudoacacia, had the lower level of ecological stability than others. In 2009 year, a severe drought happened in Huangyangtan, which facilitated an investigation on the drought resistance among main tree species under natural conditions. Mainly based on the comparison of mortality and defoliation, the drought resistance of the 12 tree species was ranked. The management strategies for plantations with different stability types were proposed based on influence factors.

This paper studied on the species diversity of ground-dwelling beetles and its relationship with environmental factors in Ciyaobao region which was adjacent Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve of Ningxia. Comparisons were conducted among three kinds of habitats of desert landscape, namely, Caragana of Droughty Manually-Fixed Sandy Land (CDMFSL), Artificial Vegetation of Semi-Humid Sandy Land (AVSHSL) and the Arid of Semi-Shifting Sandy Land (ASSSL). Pitfall traps were used to collect ground-dwelling beetle. During the field research, 4 778(50 species) beetles were collected, belongs to 11 families and 50 genera. Tenebrionidae was considered as dominant family, accounted for 48.0% of total species, followed by Curculionidae accounted for 26%. The species richness index and diversity index were the biggest in AVSHSL (total 38 species). The individuals were most in ASSSL, but there the species richness index and diversity index were lowest among three different habitats. There were 16 common species in the three different habitats, and they accounted for 32.0% of total species. Rare species achieved 36.0% in total species. Rarefaction curves based on species and individuals showed that the species richness was highest in AVSHSL, and was lowest in the ASSSL. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed that soil moisture, vegetation coverage and disturbance intensity were the main factors causing beetles diversity differences.

Spalting is any form of wood coloration caused by fungal colonization. The colorful and intricate zone lines make the wood very attractive and decorative. It is valuabled to find the fungi that cause wood spalting. In this study, spalted wood was collected in the wild and the fungi in the spalted wood were isolated and cultivated, followed by inoculating the cultivated fungi on the normal wood of Alnus nepalensis, Populus tomentosa and so on. Nine fungal species were identified from collected spalted wood samples, i.e. Xylaria spp.(4 species), Nemania diffusa, Daldinia childiae, Nectria rigidiuscula, Phomopsis sp. and Graphium sp. Nectria rigidiuscula caused red stain on wood surface while others formed zone lines which extended deeply into wood. Xylaria venosula, Phomopsis sp. and Stilbum sp. are endophytic fungi and plant pathogenic fungi but had never reported as wood spalting fungi. In this study these fungi were found to bring about excellent wood spalting , which formed numerous zone lines in the inoculated wood with little wood decay in 8 weeks. Also, these fungi formed more intricate zone lines in Populus tomentosa wood than in Alnus nepalensis wood. Further research is need, especially on the mechanism of zone line formation.

Olive(Olea europaea), one of the most famous economic woody species, is cultivated for its oil and fruit, and its fruits have great nutritional and economic value with high monounsaturated fatty acids content and well-balanced composition of fatty acids which is very similar to breast milk and can be easily absorbed by body. This review summarized the pathways of oil synthesis that takes place throughout olive fruit development and discussed the reasons of its unique fatty acids composition. The knowledge would help culturists to determine the optimal harvest time and establish better production practices, and provide the bases for genetic manipulation aimed at oriented transformation of olive from biochemical and nutritional points of view.

Based on the climatic data collected from 1981 to 1990 in the actual distribution region of Larix gmelinii, Betula platyphylla, Picea koraiensis in Northeast China, 12 climatic factors, which affect the 3 species, were extracted by using the theory and methods of hierarchical clustering based on fuzzy proximity relations and clustering fusion technology. A random mathematical model for predicting the distribution of tree species was constructed by using the rigorous theory and methods of statistical analysis and data processing, and the corresponding algorithm was studied. The MATLAB was used to design and run program under ArGIS9.3 interface, which produced predicting maps for the optimal adaptable distribution, the intermediate adaptable distribution and the general adaptable distribution of the three tree species in Northeast China from 2041 to 2050. By analyzing these maps, the distributions of the three tree species would drift to the north under climate change, L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla would drift to the northwest, and P. koraiensis would drift to the northeast. Furthermore, climate change was found to be the main impact factor in regulating the predicted distributions of the three tree species.

The percentage of water stable aggregates of different sizes and nutrients content in topsoil layers under different vegetation types in Wuqi County were measured to analyze the effects of the returning farmland to forests on water stable aggregates and nutrients. Results showed percentage of soil water stable aggregates with the diameter >0.25 mm, mean weight diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates and soil nutrients from forests and uncultivated land were greater than those from farmland. However, the fractal dimensions (D) of size distributions of soil water stable aggregates from farmlands were greater. The results indicated that the returning farmland to forests could make soil structure more stable and soil nutrients increase significantly. There were significant relationships between organic matter, available phosphorus and MWD, percentage of soil water stable aggregates with the diameter >0.25 mm and D. Moreover, the content of organic matter in the water stable aggregates with the diameter less than 0.075 mm was 12.70 g ·kg^-1, which was least. While the content of organic matter in the water stable aggregates with the diameter larger than 0.25 mm was relatively larger, with 39.66 g ·kg^-1. Thus, soil organic matter existed mainly in the larger soil water stable aggregates, suggesting that soil organic matter would provide a good material basis for the formation of larger soil aggregates. Multivariate statistical analysis showed content of soil nutrients was higher and soil structure was more stable in the forest plots with older forest age and on sunny slope in the research area.

The mature embryo of Pinus tabulaeformis was used as explants to induce adventitious buds and root on modified 1/2MS medium. The results showed that the largest multiplication rate with strong buds was obtained when adventitious bud cluster was divided into three pieces. The rooting rate of adventitious buds was 91.7%. The adventitious bud clusters with diameter larger than 0.9 cm, and the shoots with length longer than 6 mm had higher rooting rate. In the process of shoot elongation and multiplication, short culture duration could lead to a higher rooting capacity of the adventitious bud cluster, and the 28-days culture period was optimal for rooting, leading to a rooting rate of 73.3%. Adventitious bud clusters with big biomass were easily to root, and the higher the rooting rate the bigger the bud cluster biomass.

The mucilage cells and oil cells of Cinnamomum camphora play an important role in its trees growth and synthesis of its camphor and camphor oils. The development and distribution of mucilage cells and oil cells in the shoots and lignified juvenile stems were studied with the method of paraffin section in this paper. The research methods on cytology, the relations between mucilage cells and oil cells in the developing process and the identification in anatomical structure were discussed on this basis. The results showed that the development of oil cells and mucilage cells were earlier than the surrounding cells and the earliest primitive cell of oil cells can be seen in the second leaf primordium. With the cells differentiation, the numbers of oil cells increased gradually. The cortex, phloem, and pith areas were the main places for oil cells at first and the cells had large morphology. In the late stage, the cells can be seen in the xylem rays with the differentiation of vascular tissue, but they were smaller. The developing process of oil cells could be segmented into four phases: differentiation of primitive cells, cells acuolization, cell maturation, disintegration of protoplasm. The mucilage cell in the early stage of vacuolization was similar to the oil cell, but was slightly different in the late maturition process. The‘Cup-shape’structure could be seen in the development of the two cells, what's more, they could be mutually transformed at a certain periods, which reflecting the necessary adaptability on the growth of trees and composition of chemical substances.

Populus deltoides‘Zhongcheng 1’, a female clone and intraspecific hybrid of P. deltoides, was selected from the F₂ progeny of a cross derived from artificial pollination of P. deltoides cl. ‘Danhong’×P. deltoides cl.‘Nanyang’. Average DBH, height and volume of 5-year-old ‘Zhongcheng1’were 19.7 cm, 15.8 m and 0.174 6 m³, respectively, and the volume was 33% and 46% more than that of ‘I-69’and ‘Zhonglin 46’. The elite variety also has characteristics of narrow crown, up-straight trunk, high resistance to long-horned borers and waterlogging tolerance besides fast-growing.

‘Zixiazhu’is a new Malus crabapple cultivar which is selected from the progeny of‘Radiant’. The cultivar has upright tree appearance. One-year-old branch is red-brown. Young leaf is purple red, mature leaf is green. Buds are purple-red, while flowers are pink. The fruit is deep red. The cultivar has strong resistance and high ornamental value.