The characteristics correlation between solar total radiations(Q) and net radiation(R_n) on the apple tree canopy at mainly growth stage in the hilly of Taihang Mountain are analyzed with fractal theory based on regression analysis. The results showed that:1)Q and R_n had good liner correlation. The regression function was as the following:R_n=0.7408Q-32.436, which coefficient r is 0.981 1(n=26 279), F_cal=343 665.2 >>F^0.01 ₂₆₇₇=6.63;2)The fractal dimension curves of Q and R_n both had two no-scaling regions, which circumscription time value of the inflexion was 453 and 441 minutes respectively.In the first region, fractal dimensions of Q and R_n was 1.112 6, 1.131 9 respectively,and 1.913 6、 1.883 4 in the second region.Those information showed that fractal characteristics of Q and R_n is similar. So R_n can be calculated with Q on the apple tree canopy.

In this paper, the distribution of clonal plants in the restorational processes of grassland vegetation in Horqin sandy land,as well as its effects on community structure and function, was studied. In the restorational processes of vegetation, clonal plants(mainly phalanx clonal plants)are the driver of changes in community environment and make great contribution to the maintenance of community function. The high dominance of clonal plants probably results in decrease of species richness and species diversity in the community. Importance value of phalanx clonal plants is always higher than that of guerilla clonal plants in the restorational processes, suggesting that phalanx clonal plants are more adaptive to environment and more important to restoration of vegetation.

Soils under three types of vegetation were selected for this study, and samples were analyzed for different fractions of carbon and soil nutrients. It can be found that broad-leaved evergreen forest contained more microbial biomass (MBC) and the ease of oxidation of carbon (EOC) compared with Chinese Fir and Masson Pine stands. Soil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were measured relative lower abundance for Chinese Fir compared with broad-leaved evergreen and Masson Pine forest. The profile distribution of MBC and EOC appeared a decline trend with depth. The percentages that total organic carbon (TOC)presented as WSOC, MBC and EOC were ranged in 0.31%～1.18%, 0.9%～2.51% and 7.03%～29.52% respectively. Soil under Masson Pine forest was the richest abundance in WSOC%, followed by broad-leaved evergreen forest and Chinese Fir was the poorest. EOC% of soil under broad-leaved evergreen was much more than those under the other two forests. Distribution of WSOC of soil from surface to the deep as percentage of TOC was increased greatly, but as for EOC%, the reserve appeared to be true. Soil active carbon were not only significantly correlated to TOC but also interrelated themselves.

Trend surface analysis is a method commonly used in community and population ecology. In this paper, it was used to analyze the distribution of landscape elements along environmental gradients in Jinggouling forest region, Jilin Province. The results of this application showed that, at the spatial scale of the study area, horizontal geographical position as a determinant of the spatial pattern of landscape elements does not impact significantly on the spatial pattern of complex secondary forest mosaics. In contrast, aspect, slope and altitude were found to be the dominant features controlling landscape pattern in the study area. Further, the orientation and the intensity of the controlling effects of aspect and slope in the landscape distribution pattern are differed markedly at different ranges of altitude. These differences were analyzed and discussed. Some basic rules of spatial distribution of landscape elements are proposed. It was anticipated that these rules will be of benefit to further study aimed at the enhancement of sustainable management of forest and landscape planning in the region.

To study the method and technology of forest resource survey according to Hi-spatial resolution remote sensing image such as Spot5、IKONOS、and Quickbird etc. The precision calibration is needed between remote sensing image and its real position. To these 3 kinds of remote sensing images, the precision of calibration point should be respectively prior to 2.5 m、1 m and 0.5 m. The traditional method of selecting calibration point from relief map can hardly meet the demand of precision. In this paper according to the precision demand for meeting Quickbird remote sensing image calibration, on the basis of analyzing the aim of establishing GPS control network in forest area, the precision demand and designing method, thinking of the present situation of GPS technology, through the trial of real example, the method of establishing GPS control network quickly in forest area is probed in detail.

Figs and their pollinating fig wasps bear the obligate species-specific mutualism. The entering of pollinating Ceratosolen fusciceps would bring two incidents come into truth: egg-laying and pollination. Firstly the C. fusciceps pollinates for the long-styled florets and makes them fertilized, which can complete the normally sexual reproduction of Ficus racemosa. Secondly the entering wasps oviposit in the ovules of short-styled florets that subsequently develop into gall flowers and produce fig wasps, hereby, they finish the mission of propagating off-springs and ensure the persistence of the fig wasp species, meanwhile, function as the media of fig pollinators. Our study was focused on the seasonal change of fruits of F. racemosa at the 2 sites in Xishuangbanna. We carried out two-year long consecutive dissection and observation on them, and collected the data on the quantity of gall flowers, seeds and abortive flowers inside the syconia of male phase, furthermore, compared the ratios of florets between the dry and rainy season two years round. The results were that the ratios of various florets varied in different season. F. racemosa produced the highest crop of seeds in Jan. and Nov. of dry season; next to it was in Sep. and Oct. of the end of rainy season; the lowest one was in Mar. of each year. The parasitic ratios of gall flowers shared no significant difference between the dry and rainy season, while the distinction among months was significantly different, and the highest parasitic ratio was in Jan. of dry season and May of early rainy season, the lowest one was in Mar. The abortive ratio of long- and short-styled female florets was highest when the temperature was lowest (Jan. to Feb.) and when the rainfall was most (Jul. to Aug.); the lowest abortive ratio was during the early phase of rainy (May) and dry season (Nov.). The floret abortion inside the syconium was mainly subject to the climate of low temperature and heavy rainfall. Nonpollinating fig wasps species include gall makers and inquilines; these have a great impact on the propagation of seeds of F. racemosa.

Twenty-nine large-stone, early-fruiting and fine quality nut-used varieties of Ginkgo biloba from China and Japan on fruiting characteristics through randomized block experiment(RBE) design at two experiment sites were studied.Twenty varieties fruited consecutively after grafted at high-position for 2～4 years, but difference of first fruiting time was very significant among varieties. Seeds of “cut-grafting" and “ring-grafting" trees distributed in inner crown. Young stage in G. biloba was longer, variation coefficients on fruit yield of twenty varieties were more than 50% in primary fruiting stage. The single stone weight(g),the percentage of stone weight to fruit weight and seed stone yield per cm² trunk cross section(kg) in “cut-grafting" trees were higher than those in “ring-grafting"trees. The results of Q-cluster analysis to six yield indices such as fruiting tree percentage, fresh fruit yield per tree(kg·tree^-1),stone yield per tree(kg·tree^-1),stone yield per trunk cross section area(kg·cm ^-2),stone yield per crown transmission area(kg·m^-2),and stone yield per planting area(kg·hm^-2)of twenty varieties showed that “HJW", “LN" and “T107#” belonged to high yield varieties. In this paper, biological characteristics of fruiting in G. biloba nut-used varieties were evaluated, which was very important to select large-stone, early-fruiting and high-yield G. biloba nut-used varieties.

Foliar carbon isotope composition(δ¹³C), total biomass and long_term water use efficiency(WUE _L) of 12 Populus deltoides clones were studied under water stress in the greenhouse. Total biomass of clones decreased greatly while δ¹³C increased. The single element (clones) variance analysis and multiple comparison of WUE_L under same water treatment indicated that the difference between clones was significant, J₂, J₆, J₇, J₈, J₉ were excellent clones with high WUE_L. The significant differences between water treatments and clones were showed by two elements variance analysis of δ¹³C, and water was proved to be the primary factor which affected δ¹³C under water stress by the comparison of MS(Mean Square) and Fvalue. Under same water treatment, our results also indicated that there was a good positive correlation between δ¹³C and WUE_L, high WUE_L always went with high δ¹³C, and δ ¹³C may be a credible indirect index on estimating WUE_L between P. deltoides clones.

One hundred and twenty progeny of Populus were derived from a cross between female clone “TB01" (Populus tomentosa×P. bolleana) and the male clone “LM50" (P. tomentosa). This population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting leaf morphology and spring bud flush. A total of 393 AFLP markers were identified and used to construct a parental specific genetic map using pseudo-test-cross mapping strategy. The total genome length corresponding to 3 265.1 cM for the clone “LM50" map and 1 992 cM for the clone “TB01" map with 4～30 markers per linkage group was obtained. Fourteen QTLs controlling leaf morphology were identified on nine linkage groups, and 3 QTLs affecting spring bud flush were detected on three linkage groups with interval mapping software. The phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 7.6% (on TBLG14) to 15.8% (on TLG9). Co-localization of QTLs controlling correlated traits such as leafblade length, leafblade width and leafblade area were mainly found on linkage groups TLG2 and TLG11 in the genetic map of clone “LM50", and on linkage group TBLG1 in the genetic map of clone “TB01". Based on the genomic regions of QTLs for leaf morphology and spring bud flush, these two traits seem to be controlled by separate genes.

Based on field investigation and analysis of the natural distribution of Quercus mongolica in China, eight populations of Q. mongolica (Daxing’anling, Jiaying, Shuangyashan in Heilongjiang Province, Jiaohe in Jilin Province, Daqinggou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Kuandian in Liaoning Province, Wulingshan and Zanhuang in Hebei Province) were selected and investigated. Material collection and measurement were made on the eight populations(thirty individual plants each population). Morphological diversities among/within populations were discussed on the basis of traits such as the apical bud, the leaf blade, the acorn, and the cupule. Analysis of variance for all traits showed that there was significantly difference among populations and among individuals within populations.The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient(V_ST)showed that the variation among populations(53.97%) was slightly higher than that within populations. The acorn became larger, the shape of the acorn changed from nearly spherical to oblong, and the shape of leaf blade from long obovoid to broadly obovoid, upon increase of the longitude and latitude.The acorn got smaller as the altitude became higher. There existed correlations among the morphological traits mentioned above. According to the UPGMA cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance, the populations of Q.mongolica investigated could be divided into four groups.

Ten populations with 210 families of Pinus bungeana were collected in its natural stands by delamination sampling method. Sixteen enzyme systems had been analyzed and 31 loci were measured. The results showed that the genetic diversity of P. bungeana was slight lower than the average of Pinus species. The parameters of genetic diversity of P. bungeana at species level were given as follows: mean number of alleles per locus A_S=1.742, mean number of effective alleles per locus Ae_S=1.49, percentage of polymorphic loci P_S=54.8%, Hardy-weinberg expected heterozygosity He_S=0.162. The parameters of genetic diversity of P. bungeana at population level were given as follows: A_P=1.39±0.11, Ae_P=1.30±0.12, P_P=34.85%±8.46%, He_P=0.099±0.049,directly counted mean heterozygosity Ho_P=0.095±0.042. The genetic differentiation among populations of P. bungeana was obvious(F_ST=0.133). The genetic distance between populations was large(D=0.128). Ten populations were divided into three groups according to Nei's genetic identity. The genetic diversity of natural population of P. bungeana showed as central distribution, which was accordant with its natural resources distribution and its morphology diversity distribution, and its implication for conservation strategy was discussed.

The purpose of this essay is to exploit a new oil source plant—Sambucus williamsii, which contains rich α_Linolenic acid.It proved that the oil content of S.williamsii was over 36.7%, and in good quality; the components of the fatty acid was the same as those in common edible oils, and the α-Linolenic oil_bearing rate of S.williamsii was up to 22%.The toxicological and functional experiment showed that the S.williamsii oil was innocuous and harmless.It was edible and could be used in medicine and health care.

Recovery course of the planted young trees of Pinus koraiensis under the natural secondary forest were studied. The main reason for the feeble growth of the young Korean Pine was the environmental condition. At the young stage of Korean Pine, different environmental conditions were required. It has been found that release cutting could regulate the stand structure and ameliorate the environmental condition, so the growth of the young Korean Pine could be recovered. Besides, a series of stand structure parameters, such as neighborhood comparison (U), mingling (M) and neighborhood pattern (W), was induced to technical indexes. So the growth of the young Korean Pine, and the mixing as well as the distribution of its closest 4 neighboring trees can be expressed quantitatively. Results indicated that, when the young Korean Pine was to be dominant tree, neighborhood comparison (U) would be 0 or 0.25, the neighboring trees of it were medium mixture and randomly distributed, mingling (M) would be 0.5, and neighborhood pattern (W) would be 0.5.

This study was carried out in a 15-year0old progeny test forest of open-pollinated families for Larix kaempferi in Jianshi County, Hubei Province. The growth variation of dominant height among Japanese larch families was analyzed, and height-age models were developed for each family. Aanalysis of variance revealed that height-age curves were polymorphism among families at a given location due to differences in asymptote and rate parameter but with same shape parameter. Therefore, it was necessary to develop separate height-age curves for each family. Dominant height (or site indices) would increase with the application of genetically improved materials. Results demonstrated that both logarithmic linear Schumacher equation and flexible non-linear Richards equation could be used to describe the dominant height-age curves of the juvenile Larix kaempferi families. The differences of dominant height among families were increased with age, and their growth rates were also various. Reasonable height-age relationships would be simulated by fitting to the progeny test data if the models selection and calculation were suitable. With combination of the general unimproved stand growth models of this species, the growth, yield and genetic gain of improvement stands could be predicted properly.

This study was carried out on the dry sandy land in the draught facing the sea in Chishan Forest Farm of Dongshan County,Fujian Province since May,2000.Through the experimental study for 3 years,3 clones of Hui 1^#,Yue 701^#and Dong 9801^#, whose preserving rate for the afforestation reached 61.9%～69.5%,were selected from 7 tested clones.Thus,the significant breakthrough has been achieved in the respect of selecting plant materials for the afforestation on sites with such special difficulty.By means of the comparative analysis of the planting effects of Casuarina equisetifolia clones on 2 types of micro-topography sites of the forward position of highland and the back-edge of low-lying land of the sandy land in the draught of bordering on the sea, the preserving rate of trees planted on the latter site for afforestation raised by 5%,and forest trees grew faster.The growth status of the root system of forest trees grown on both micro-topographies sites indicated that on the smooth highland in the draught,the distribution of the root system was deep,the numbers were large,the structure was concentrated,and the absorptive network was developed,which was conducive to evade the atmospheric aridity and soil aridity.It also revealed the tendency of a negative correlation between the distribution depth,quantity, concentrated degree and network structure of the root system and the moisture content of the soil.The study showed that the mechanism of the planting survival on the dry sandy land in the draught was the physiology and morphological characteristics of forest trees forming the enormous and developed root system network so as to be suitable for the dry habitat and to guarantee the planting survival.The experimental results of different planting modes showed that the planting modes of clump,mass,etc.may raise the preserving rate by about 10%,thus possess the extensive popularization and application value in the productive practice.

Years of series observation to the White Poplar Hybrid 741(Poplar 741) transformed two insect-resistant genes (BtCry1Ac and API genes rebuilded partly) in the character of the insect-resistance, growth, lumber quality, seeding character and the adaptability indicated that 3 of the Poplar 741 clones took on a high insect-resistant identity to the leaf pests such as the Clostera anachoreta Fabricius, and the Lymantria dispar Linnacus ect., and the mean death rate of the grubs were all above 80%, furthermore, the grubs' growth which survived could be restrained and the growth rate was reduced so that they couldn't tie cocoons as the usual. The quality of insect_resistantce of the Poplar 741 varieties had not taken on a rhythmical drop trend by 4 years tests. The giving body of the Poplar 741 varieties possesses the advantages of fast growing, and especially in the anaphase of the growth of the DBH, and the timber volume take on an evidently fast growth, the growth quantity of the timber volume per tree go beyond 40% compared with the control averagely. The Poplar 741 varieties have the fine lignum character and the mechanics character such as the lignum density and the fiber quality are all superior to the Chinese White Poplar. 3 years' series observation indicated that the two insect-resistant genes transformed Poplar 741 was the high yield trigamous plant and had the small, little spikes of which about 70%～90% fell off before they crazed when they were ripe and the Poplar 741 didn't fly garrulous basically. The Poplar 741 transformed genes could be extended in the proper area of the Chinese White Poplar under the condition that the Poplar 741 varieties haven't evident differentiation and the growth didn't get infection much. Taking feasible planting mode in order to control the development of the fastness of the pests should be considered.

Dwarf wilt of Phoenix canariensis and Washingtonia robusta were discovered from tree nursery and the street tree in Xiamen, China.These disease tissue were blacked and rotted in bottom stem. Thielaviopsis aethacetica Ment = Thielaviopsis paradoxa (de Seyn.) Hohn was isolated from the disease tissue.The same symptoms and same fungal isolates were caused by inoculated the fungus on the plantlets of Phoenix canariensis in tree nursery and pot culture. So,the fungus was identified as pathogen of dwarf wilt by Koch's postulates. The disease symptoms and the morphological character of the pathogenic fungus were described.

The communities and diversities of the beneficial insects on jujube trees were studied in jujube sites in Taigu, Shanxi Province of China. The results showed that 8 orders, 25 families, 58 species and 5 009 individuals were found in the integrated pest management (IPM) site, while the corresponding numbers were 8, 18, 27 and 1 911 in the conventional pest management (CPM) site. The IPM site had significantly (P< 0.05) more beneficial insects than the CPM site. The dominant species were Inoccllia sp., Coccinella septempunctata (Linn.), Chrysopa shansiensis, Chelonos chinensis and Anysis saissetiae. Principle species dominances of beneficial insects were higher in the IPM than in the CPM, but ecological dominant concentration indexes of principal groups in both sites were almost the similar. The diversity and the evenness of the beneficial insect community as well as the predatory sub-community in the IPM site were obviously higher (P< 0.05) than those in the CPM site. In the IPM site, it was the abundance of species of beneficial insects that mostly influenced the diversities within communities, but in the CPM it was the uniformity and the number of individuals, besides the abundances of species.

From Jun.2001 to May 2002, vegetations in logged and un-logged area, include those used and not used area by Giant Panda, were systematically sampled and studied at Wanglang National Nature Reserve and Huangyang Giant Panda Monitoring Station, Pingwu County, Sichuan, China. The results showed that, at un_logged areas, number of species, the average of species richness, species frequent, bamboo generation ability, bamboo density and maximum DBH at the area used by Giant Panda were higher than that of unused areas. Comparatively, at logged areas, the average of species richness, species dominant, diversity, bamboo biomass, bamboo density, bamboo canopy density, average DBH and maximum DBH at the areas used by Giant Panda were higher than that of unused area. Logging in the Giant Panda habitat caused the decline of species richness, species dominant, diversity, bamboo density, bamboo canopy density, and had an influence on the Giant Panda's adaptability and the quality of its habitat.

Plantation timbers such as English Walnut, Common Jujube, Gingko, Chinese Chestnut, Camphor Tree Camphor Wood and Rubber Tree were studied on anatomical, physical, mechanical, chemical properties. The results showed that: English Walnut, Gingko and Camphor Tree Camphor Wood grew fast and exhibited good wood properties, so they could be planted mainly for timber use or for both timber and non-timber use; though Gingko and Chinese Chestnut exhibited good wood properties, they grew slowly, so they could be mainly planted for fruit use. The density and strength of English Walnut, Gingko, Camphor Tree Camphor Wood and Rubber Tree were medium,and the density and strength of Common Jujube and Chinese Chestnut were high. The cellulose content of Gingko, Camphor Tree Camphor Wood and Rubber Tree was close to Poplar, the lignin content of which was between Poplar and Masson Pine, and the morphological features of fiber conformed to the requirements for paper making, so the stem and processed residue of which could be utilized for paper making. Basic density of Common Jujube and fiber length of English Walnut could be predicted, and the results were significant.

Similarity of some properties between thermal conductivity and electricity conductivity was analyzed in this paper.Analogism reasoning was applied to infer that thermal conductivity had some properties of electricity conductivity. Therefore, thermal conductivity could be defined by definition formula similar to that of electricity conductivity, which thermal conductivity was the reciprocal of heat resistance per unit length and per unit cross section area of wood. The theoretical formula of wood thermal conductivity in transverse direction was inferred by cylinder model based on the cell structure of the wood. With the formula derived, the theoretical values of thermal conductivity in transverse direction for 20 tree species were calculated and comparison was also made to the experimental values under the same conditions. The results showed that the theoretical values of thermal conductivity is fairly identical to their experimental values, which the maximum error is 14.1% and mean error is less than 7%. The conclusion provided a feasible method to study thermal properties of wood theoretically.

The bending properties of the hollow plank of the bamboo-timber combination were in detail analyzed with high-order shear deformation theory(HSDT) in this paper. The results indicated that transverse shear effect affects greatly on the bending properties of the plank while the ratio of span-height was small. The calculated deflection was the basic same with first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT). The calculated strength could show the affection caused by transverse shear effect and the affection had only relation to the loading value and no to the ratio of span-height. The distribution of stress on cross-section was obvious different from FSDT and particularly shear-stress had not only considerable difference on cross-section in span-center but also change as the location of cross-section.

Sugi sapwoods at different moisture content after and before freezing treatment were carbonized at 400 ℃ to afford wood-vinegar, wood-tar and charcoal. Yield of wood-vinegar prepared from the treated wood tended to increase, and yield of charcoal indicated opposite tendency, but yield of wood-tar was almost constant.11 components in wood-vinegar obtained from the Sugi sapwoods after and before treatment were determined by capillary gas chromatography (capillary GC). The change in amounts of methanol, carboxylic acids and 2-furaldehyde in wood-vinegar from the treated sapwood was observed, but amounts of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, maltol, phenols, pyrocatechol, and guaiacols were almost constant.

According to the maths module of the optimized theory of the timber scaling by directional evaluated diagram, and in the meantime in order to taking full advantage of the resources of wood and improving the useful value and saling price, this article makes up the timber scaling optimized software by applying the label method. This software is based on dialog, stores the common timber defects on the dual-direction link, uses the function of the determining defects; stores the log prices talbes in different databases according to the technology of database, and uses the ADO as the method of searching the database. This software can run under the operating systems of Windows9X、WindowsXP、Windows2000, operate speedly and meet the needs of the timber scaling, change the present situation of scaling by experiences, direct the job of the timber scaling more scientifically and more rationally.

Although the socialist market economy system has been established for many years, our forest resources supervision system still has the distinct characters of planned economy system. Therefore, the state-owned forest resources assets supervision failures have occurred. Exploring the state_owned forest resources assets supervision system suitable for the socialist market economy system is a guarantee of realizing the effective operation of state-owned forest resources assets. This paper puts forward “inner supervision+external supervision+check triple restraint state-owned forest resources assets supervision system based on analyzing the problems existing in current state-owned forest resources assets operation system. This accords with the features of state-owned forest resources assets and suits the needs of socialist market economy system. It also points out the operation strategies of this system from legislation, optimizing supervision circumstances, upgrading the modern level of forest resource management and detection and amplifying forest resources assets operation supervision assessment criteria system.

In the state-owned forest area, present forestry micro-system is as timber producing its core, and this has been the main institutional obstacle to the sustainable development of the state-owned forest area and the state-owned forest. So forestry micro-main body's reconstruction is key to benign operation of the state-owned forest area in China. At first, this paper studies practical base and economic feasibility of forest micro-main body's reconstruction of the state-owned area. New micro-main body's construction is according with the theory of market economy. It can save transaction cost, realize the specialization division of work, rise efficiency of the allocation of resources; Secondly, this paper studies the connotation and character of forest micro-main body of the state-owned forest area. The third, it studies the basic style of forest micro-main body after reconstruction, it separately defines the goal, character and managerial content of basic forest enterprise and commercial forest enterprise. The last, the paper studies principal path of transition form the present state-owned forest industrial enterprise to the new forest micro-main body. It points out the deep connotation and economic essence of the broken present state-owned forest industrial enterprise's structure. Furthermore it studies practical operational relation of the basic operational main body in the state-owned forest area. It sets forth all kinds of possible relation of integration, which broaden the existing forms of forest micro-main body.

The relation between the DTV (diversity threshold value) of artificial mixed forest and the percentage harm of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschlsky) was analyzed by applying of the theory and technology of DTV, the diversity index of Margalef D_Ma, Shannon-wiener H, Pielon J_sw and the D_v of the value accumulated of diversity as the proportion of anti-pest tree species and pest infected tree' species changed from high to low. It showed that mixed forest of multiple tree species had a obviously resistance of pest damage of stem-borer, and the forest resistance ability was largely related to the pest resistance of the tree species and the percentage of the insect-resistant tree in the mixed forest. Under certain number of tree species in the mixed forest, the model of Logistic was accorded with the relation of the harm percentage P_z of A. glabripennis and D_v . The Logistic coefficient, α, was the starting value of the D_v and had a steady increase with the increased tree species; In the Logistic coefficient, the new meaning of r_m was that the force of resisting damage or potential pest-resistance for A. glabripennis, had a obviously increasing trend with, the increased tree species in the stands. Similarly, the same regularities were in maximum of D_ma , H and J_sw . In the mixed forest for 4～7 tree species, the increase of DTV followed the increase of tree species in the stands, on the contrary, the point of inflection of harm percentage L_vp decreased. Another value of the regularity was that the selection range of tree species of mixed forest will increase with the tree species' increasing in anti-pest forest which was designed or reformed.

Plant resistance can be classified into two types: constitutive and induced resistance. Plant constitutive resistance is characteristic of plant genotype and will have negative influences on herbivores ill all its life span. Induced resistance, which is a phenotypic response, happened when plants were attacked and damaged by herbivores and pathogens and is a kind of resistance similar to immune response as seen in animals. Since 1970s in the twentieth century, studies on induced resistance in plants had witnessed a great advances in moony aspects. The present paper reviewed the recent advances in this field, especially on those done after 1997, in order that it would not iterate the former reviews on this subject. These advances included in this paper are: some new understandings and new evidences for the induced plant resistance, the trade-orris between cost-allocation and benefits plant acquired from induced defense; roles of signals, especially herbivore feeding, in inducing plant resistance, some new induced defense mechanisms against herbivores in plants, and the adaptation of insect herbivores to induced plants. In the end of the paper, the perspective of practical application of induced resistance, the future development, and the questions still need to be studied in detail were discussed.

Ardeidae bird is one of important species belonging to wet land ecosystem, and regarded as indicator for environmental assessment. In order to protect and utilize the resources, Egrets are studied from China in this paper. There are 9 genus and 20 species in the family Ardeidae in China, respectively, which are divided into nesting in tree and nesting in reed beds ecology form. Egrets community structure diversity is influenced by the complexity of habitat structures, plant diversity, forest level and vertical structures and so on. Bitterns community diversity is low because of simple rest structure. Ixobrychus eurhythnus is palaearctic, Gorsachius magniticus, G. m. mloanolophus are Oriental, and others are Iosmopolitan in China.

Researches on wood nanocomposites, which involve nano science and technology, wood science, materials science and other related subjects, have important science signification and promising prospect for the development and study of new wood composites with high appending values and multi-properties. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper systematically reviewed the nano intercalation compounding methods of in situ intercalative polymerization and polymer intercalation. According to the main chemical components and cell wall structure of wood and the structure and properties of montmorillonite, this paper discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood and the modification of MMT, and then put forward the basic idea, the technological processes and the schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites.

In order to promote tradition wood modified produce new development,the biomineralization was introduced into wood science and technology.The basic connotation of biomineralization in biological system were reviewed in this paper.Moreover,explored and discussed some proposals about application principicum of biomineralization control synthesis of wood nanostructure composites.The location on biomineralization intercalated by stumpage's organic molecule and inorganic ion reciprocity of interface and controlled direction and process of biomineralization by modified micro-enviroment,established saturation solution,provied organic material,moved ion,added some additive.Ultimately fabricated wood nanostructure composites by stumpage.

Miyun Reservoir provides more than 70% drinking water resources for Beijing, it is very important that to study the hydrological properties of canopy of water resources protection forests, which to help managing and cultivating the water resources protection forests. In this paper, the stands of Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabulaeformis and Castanea mollissima were studied from 1999 to 2000. The total precipitation amount was 545 mm in the 2 main rain periods from 1999 to 2000, distribution in canopy interception, through-fall and stem-flow in the R.pseudoacacia stand were 97.73 mm, 434.78 mm and 12.49 mm, respectively, that in the P.tabuleaeformis were 131.54 mm, 397.98 mm and 15.48 mm, respectively, and in the C.mollissima stand were 110.73 mm, 422.07 mm and 12.20 mm, respectively. The canopy interception and stem-flow amount of P.tabulaeformis stand, the through-fall amount of R.pseudoacacia stand was the biggest among the three stand respectively. The elements content of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were monitored for the precipitation, canopy interception, through-fall and stem-flow of the three forest types. The total amount of weighed average content of ten chemical elements in precipitation was 12.001 1 mg·L^-1. The sequence of the chemical elements weighted average content of the precipitation is followed: Ca > N > K > Mg > Na > P > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn. The concentration of chemical elements of through-fall and stem-flow varied in differently for three forest types in comparison with the precipitation's.

The characteristics of throughfall and stemflow over one growing season were studied in a dark coniferous forest in the subalpine of the Western Sichuan. The results indicated that: 1) The distribution of precipitation by canopy was more relative to the rainfall, the higher the rainfall was, the more the throughfall and stemflow were, and the less the interception was; 2) The relationships between throughfall (T) and total rainfall (P) could be described significantly by a linear function (T=0.744P-0.937, R²=0.954, p<0.001), while the reationship between crown interception (I) and total rainfall by a power function (I=0.759P 0.666, R²=0.763, p<0.001); 3) The average canopy interception accounted for 35.8% of total rainfall and the average throughfall for 64.2%, and the average stemflow for 0.01%; 4) High water_hold capacity of moss on the surface of tree trunk and low rainfall intensity were the main reasons that the stemflow of the coniferous forest in the subalpine of Western Sichuan was less than other forests.

Ginkgo biloba is one of most famous officinal plant in China. In the past, many varieties were selected and planted, but there is not still identification system for these varieties. This paper studied DNA fingerprints of the main G. biloba varieties cultivated all over the country using ISSR DNA marker. The results indicated ISSR marker was effective highly for identifying 13 varieties. Only using primer ISSR46 and ISSR44, 13 varieties were able to be identified based on 11 polymorphic loci (ISSR46-550,ISSR46-670,ISSR46-740,ISSR46-1000,ISSR46-1159,ISSR46-1359,ISSR46-1600,ISSR44-520,ISSR44-580,ISSR44-660,ISSR44-1750). In addition, we found ISSR marker was stable and repeatable highly compared with RAPD marker.

Some Chaetomium spp. Are capable of antagonizing several plant pathogenic fungi through production of antibiotics and mycoparasitism. Secretion of lytic enzymes, mainly including glucanases and chitinases, is considered the most important step in the mycoparasitic process. In this study, an about 110kDa exo-β-1,3-glucanase from C. spirale ND35 was detected both in culture filtrate and directly on PAGE and IEF gels, as well as chitinases, although protease was not detectable on Litmus milk agar plates. Coiling and penetrating the hyphae of host fungus Valsa mali were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which may be related to the synergistic interaction between β-1,3-glucanase and chitinases. Β-1,3-glucanase activity of C. spirale ND35 varied considerably when C. spirale ND35 was grown in different carbon sources during various incubation time, and might be subjected to both induction by substrate and catabolite repression.

Factors were analyzed in details which affects wood landing location. Decision models of wood landing location in different logging system were proposed from the view of economic benefits. Based on MapInfo, a GIS-based decision system of wood landing location was designed using programming language MapBasic. The system was applied in the research area located in Hongqiao state-owned forestry farm, Yong’an.