The water quality of rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and runoff in the headsteam of Ashi River was studied. The results showed: The acidification of stemflow was most obvious, the runoff had better buffering ability of water acidification; The content of COND, TDS, K and Mg increased in the throughfall and stemflow through the larch forest canopy; The content of Na in throughfall was lower than rainfall in July, August and September; The temporal variation of Zn was consistent in the throughfall, stemflow and runoff, that was the content of Zn decreased gradually from June to September; The monthly average contents of Mn and Fe in stemflow and runoff were higher than that in rainfall and throughfall; After running off through the soil, the content of TURB and TDS in the stream reduced obviously; The temporal variation of Mg and Zn was similar between in the brook and river, the content of Mg was the highest in June and the lowest in September, the content of Zn was the highest in June, and nothing was found in September and October; The content of total nitrogen, total phosphor，COND, TDS, Na, Mg and Ca in the river was higher than that in the brook every month; In general evaluation,the brook water quality belongs to class Ⅱ, while the river water quality to class Ⅳ.

Nitrogen content of soil particulate fractions and its relationship to the vegetation and the elevation in Qilian Mountains were investigated. The results showed that the ratio of soil particulate fractions, soil particulate organic matter\|nitrogen(PON) ratio, nitrogen content of soil particulate fractions, soil PON content did not significantly change with the altitude. The ratio of soil particulate fraction in 0～15 cm soil depth at 3 000 m,3 200 m and 3 500 m of shady slope, or 3 800 m of sunny slope, or that in 15～35 cm soil depth at 3 200 m,3 500 m of shady slope,or 2 800 m of semishady slope was the highest among the all elevations slope aspects and soil depths. PON ratio in 0～15 cm soil depth at 3 000 m and 3 200 m of shady slope,or 3 300 m and 3 800 m of sunny slope, or that in 15～35 cm soil depth at 3 300 m of sunny slope, or 3 000 m of shady slope was also the highest. The nitrogen content of PON in 0～15 cm at 3 600 m of shady slope was the lowest, while the nitrogen content of PON in 0～15 cm at 3 800 m of sunny slope,or 2 800 m of half shady slope, or that in 15～35 cm at 3 400 m of shady slope, or 3 300 m of sunny slope was the highest. The nitrogen content of soil particulate fraction in 0～15 cm soil depth at 3 400 m of shady slope, or 3 300 m and 3 800 m of sunny slope,or that in 15～35 cm under 3 400 m of shady slope and 3 300 m of sunny slope was the highest. There were also significant effects of vegetation on the ratio of soil particulate fraction, the ratio of soil PON, soil PON and nitrogen content of soil particulate fraction. The ratio of soil particulate fraction in 0～15 cm soil depth forest or in shrub meadows was the highest, and the difference for this ratio between in forest and shrub meadows or between in desert steppe and arid steppe were not significant, and that in 15～35 cm soil depth in forest, shrub meadows or arid steppe was the highest. While there were no significant difference for the ratio of soil particulate fraction among in forest, shrub meadows and steppe. The ratio of PON in different soil depth in forest and alpine meadows were the highest, and there were no significant difference for the ratio among under shrub meadows, steppe and arid steppe in 0～15 cm soil depth, and the ratio in steppe or arid steppe in 15～35 cm soil depth were the lowest (p<0.05). The nitrogen content of soil particulate fraction in different soil depth in shrub meadows was the highest, and that in desert steppe or arid steppe was the lowest. The nitrogen content of soil PON in different soil depth under forest or shrub meadows was the highest, while that in desert steppe or arid steppe was the lowest, and there were no significant difference for the nitrogen content among forest, alpine meadows and shrub meadows. The ratio of soil particulate fraction, nitrogen content of soil particulate fraction, soil PON content and soil PON ratio all increased with increasing total soil nitrogen content (p<0.02), and soil PON content increased with increasing nitrogen content of soil particulate fraction (p<0.001), and ratio of soil PON increased with increasing soil PON content (p<0.05).The results showed that the soil unprotected soil nitrogen content increased with increasing elevation, generally, and unprotected soil nitrogen ratio in forest and meadows was the highest among the all different types of vegetations. 

The paper presents taper models based on two parameterparsimonious functions，the modified Brink function and the Pain function，for describing stem profiles of Eucalyptus grandistrees. The models were developed from data gathered from Eucalyptus forests grown for sawtimber in the warm temperate granitic Lowveld region in South Africa. The two taper functions provided satisfactory fit to the data set. A small bias was found at different relative heights. Parameter parsimonious functions are promising，as there is a theoretical possibility for developing a generalized stem model using parameter prediction. Parameter prediction was not successful using the modified Brink function. It is always possible and even necessary to develop a parameter prediction model with the help of the Pain function，because the function describes absolute stem diameter as a function of relative stem height. Therefore，a test was made to evaluate，if the parameter prediction functions describe real form differences or only dimension differences. It was found that in this application the parameters might not describe the tree form differences.

Two groups of filial generation derived from 2 different Pinus massoniana completediallel cross were analyzed. Results showed that general combining ability(GCA), specific combining ability(SCA) and reciprocal effects were significant for some growth traits including height, DBH and volume index. The heredity of these growth traits was controlled by both additive and non_additive genes, with the non_additive genes playing a dominant role. The epistatic effect was greater in groupsⅠ(crossed in 1992) in comparison with groupⅡ(crossed in 1993). The SCA of P. massoniana growth traits was significantly greater than GCA, which would be due to different geographical provenances of parents and an indirect pre_selection undergone by GCA. Inbreeding depression was commonly observed for P. massoniana growth traits, and the extent of inbreeding depression was -17.8%～-18.4%,-23.3%～-27.7% and-44.3%～-50.6% for height, DBH and volume index respectively. It was observed that parents with small GCA value exhibited greater extent of inbreeding depression. Huge differences in hybrid vigor of different crosses were observed, and the difference between original cross and reciprocal cross was not significant. Based on volume index, ten fine crosses were selected from each of the two groups, and the average increment of volume index was 59.41% and 41.76% respectively in comparison with the average of testing groups, and was 100.58% and 74.61% in comparison with local commercial variety.

Variations of the floret anlage differentiation and mature phenotype of both diploid Robinia pseudoacacia (DRP) and tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia (TRP) were observed with optic and scan electron microscopes. The differentiation processes and phenotype characters were found as the following. The number and symmetry of bracts, sepals, petals and ovaries of floret were the same in both DRP and TRP with ↑K(5)C5A(9)+1, G (1∶1∶∞), while the dimensions of the all organs in TRP were bigger than those in DRP. The floret anlages differentiated in turn into calyx → petal → stamen → pistil, which had no obvious difference from Papilionaceae plants. Compared with DRP, TRP had bigger epidermis cells in bract, sepal and petal, with more velvet surface, thicker harder longer epidermis hair on their epidermis （except abaxial surface of calyx）, and fatter edge. In TRP, the pollen was chubbier, pollen sac more spatial, stigma plate bigger, stigma more secretion, both filament and style and their epidermis cells longer than DRP. There were remarkable variations in the shape, volume, location and number of bourgeonhole channels and veins on surface of pollen among pollens of TRP. The pollen of TRP was larger than DRP and the shape, character of bourgeonhole channel and veins on surface of pollens of TRP were also different from those of DRP. Based on comprehensive analysis of above variations, the implications of these variations in Genetics and Breeding were discussed.

In the present study, leaf segments from Quercus variabilis seedlings were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis. The influence of carbohydrates, osmotic agents, and plant growth regulators(PGRs) on somatic embryo proliferation, maturation and germination was investigated and a protocol was developed. On the initiation medium containing 1.0 mg·l^-1 αnaphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) and 0.5 mg·L^-1 6benzylaminopurine(BA) proembryogenic masses(PEMs) were induced from leaf explants. These PEMs were cultivated on a proliferation medium for 6 weeks. The best proliferation was obtained on MS basal medium with 1 mg·L^-16 benzyladenine(BA), 0.25 mg·L^-1 NAA and 3% sucrose. Individual somatic embryos were then grown on a maturation medium. Sucrose concentrations had significant influence on embryo maturation and germination. With 5% sucrose in the media, 63.5% embryos matured and 33.8% germinated. Although abscisic acid(ABA) was in favor of somatic embryo maturation，it had no positive effect on germination. To promote germination, mature embryos were cultured on the germination medium, and treated with a low temperature. Cold treatment at 4 °C was ineffective in stimulating epicotyl and radicle formation. The rate of embryo germination reached 65.9% on the germination medium consisted of 1/2 MS basal medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 BA and 0.25 mg·L^-1 indolebutyric acid(IBA)，and the rate of conversion was 9.4%.

Population genetic structure with 209 individuals in three located natural populations of Toona ciliata var. pubescens was analyzed with 8 microsatellite markers.This study intended to find out species evolutionary history and endangered mechanism and offer scientific foundation for establishing efficient conservation strategies. The spatial genetic structure of T.ciliata var. pubescens was measured with spatial autocorrelation analysis. Spatial autocorrelation coefficient, which was used to reveal spatial structure of genetic variation, was calculated within the populations of Yifeng, Binchuan and Shizong. The results showed: 1) The average number and the effective number of alleles(N_e) were 5.3 and 2.6, respectively; 2) The average observed heterozygosity was 0.599 0, while the average expected heterozygosity was 0.589 3; 3) There was significant variation in spatial genetic structure of natural population at Yifeng, indicated with significant positive autocorrelation over 0～240 m; 4) Genetic variance in populations of Binchuan and Shizong was distributed randomly; 5) Spatial genetic structure was mainly affected by limited dispersal of pollens and seeds, heterogeneity of microenvironment and density of population.

Based on the analysis of fruit regularity and the meteorologic data in the past years, it is found that the fruiting characteristic in Larix gmeliniihad obvious periodicity. A good harvest year occurred in 3 to 8 years, with the average 5.7 years. Neither good harvest years nor average harvest years occurred in a row. There were no significant correlations between the fruit yield, and the rainfall or the total day number of the temperature ≥10 ℃. A good harvest was closely correlated to the annual accumulated temperature reaching to about 1 880 ℃ day in the previous continuous two years. Disastrous weather in the periodof pollen dispersal and the growth of pollen tubes was the major constraint to seedproduction. Accordingly, three essential conditions are proposed to assure the high seedyield of Larix gmelinii.

The cutting propagation technique and relevant oxidase changes of Corylus heterophylla were studied with a L16（4.2×2.9） orthogonal experiment design which consisted of three factors of varieties, auxins(IBA, αNAA) and their concentrations. The activities of peroxidase(POD), polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and indoleacetic acid oxidase(IAAO) during rooting were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the cutting rooting rate was mainly affected by auxin mass fraction，following by the variety and the auxin type among the tested factors. Percentage of rooting reached to maximum under 0.03% of IBA. Various varieties had significant effect on rooting index, with Barcelona the maximum. The adventitious rooting was obtained in three distinct phases i.e. callus formation, induction and expression. The peroxidase activity in IBAtreated cuttings increased in the callus formation phase and declined in the expression phase. Polyphenol oxidase activity in IBAtreated cuttings increased during callus formation and induction phase, however declined slowly during expression phase. Indoleacetic acid oxidase activity of IBAtreated cuttings increased during callus formation phase and decreased during induction and expression phases.

Ion distribution in the root of Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings of three provenances from Huangshan in Anhui, Jiujiang in Jiangxi and Kunming in Yunnan under 0, 1, 3 and 5 g·L^-1NaCl stress was measured with the method of X-ray microanalysis. The results showed that under the NaCl stress of 3 and 5 g·L^-1, the relative content of Na+ and Cl- in the root tissues increased, while the relative content of K⁺, Ca ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ in the root tissues decreased. With the increasing of salinity, the increase of the relative content of Na⁺ occurred in epidermis and cortex of the root, while the remarkable increase of the relative content of Cl- occurred in stele and cortex of root. Therefore, the two kinds of ions in root tissues were imbalance. The ratios of K⁺ Na⁺ and Ca²⁺Na⁺ decreased, and hence Na⁺(K⁺ +Na⁺+Ca ²⁺+Mg ²⁺ ) increased; The decrease in K⁺ Na⁺ ratio and the substantial increase in Cl-in root tissues would be the factors that reduced the seedling survival and growth in leaf area, height, basal diameter as well as biomass. In preliminary conclusion, the level of salt tolerance of the tested provenances was in an order of Huangshan > Kunming > Jiujiang, and around 1 g·L^-1 was the threshold concentration of salt to which the seedlings were able to tolerate. 

The effects of cadmium(Cd) on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied in poplar plants. Experiments were carried out with poplar cutting plants of clone XMH-4(Populus deltoides×P. nigra),MH-8(P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) and XMH-10(P. deltoides × P. nigra) treated with 0, 25, 50, 100 μmol·L^-1Cdsolution for 5 months under normal conditions in greenhouse. The result showed that cadmium significantly decreased chlorophyll，photosynthesis and quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry. The contents of calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg) and copper(Cu) all increased with the 25, 50 μmol·L^-1 Cdtreatments, only manganese(Mn) showed a robust negative relation with Cdconcentration. It was suggested that some problems occurred to the electron transport chain at the oxidation side of PSⅡreaction centres(RCs), and the cadmiuminduced etiolation were not caused by lack of iron or magnesium, but manganese. Therefore manganese may play an important role in cadmium stress to plant.

The effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solution(NaOCl) on the germination and hormone metabolism of Chinese Chestnut（Castanea mollissima） during shelflife were investigated. The results showed that the germination of the chestnut treated with 5 000 mg·L^-1 NaOCl was completely inhibited, whereas treatments with 1 000 mg·L^-1 and 3 000 mg·L^-1 NaOCl did not significantly affect the germination, compared with the control. Treatments with 1 000 mg·L^-1and 3 000 mg·L^-1NaOCl reduced the respiration rate of the chestnut during whole shelflife, while the respiration rate of chestnut treated by 5 000 mg·L^-1NaOCl increased in the first 3 days, and declined after then. The effect of NaOCl treatment on the four endogenous plant hormones depended mainly on the concentrations. Compared with control, treatment with 1 000 mg·L^-1 NaOCl reduced the ABA, GA3and IAA content in the chestnut, and delayed appearance of the peak of IAA and ZR content. Concentration of 3 000 mg·L^-1NaOCl watercuring decreased the ABA content and increased the other three hormones contents. Treatment with 5 000 mg·L^-1 NaOCl increased all the four endogenous plant hormones contents. Moreover, NaOCl treatment reduced the ABA/GA3 and ABA/IAA ratio, and delayed the appearance of the peaks. While treatment with 1 000mg·L^-1 and 3 000 mg· L^-1 NaOCl decreased the ABA/ZR ratio in the chestnut, concentration of 5 000 mg·L^-1 NaOCl increased the ratio of ABA/ZR.

CLIMEX model and GIS were used to predict the Oak Sudden Death in its distribution regions of China. The model indicated that temperature and moisture were major climatic limiting factors which prevented the disease from burst. Both dry climate in regions of Xinjiang，Gansu，Inner Mongolia，Ningxia and Qinghai，and high temperature in the most regions of Guangxi Guangdong，Jiangxi，Hunan，and Hainan may limited development of the disease. The disease is fond of the cool and moisture environment. Therefore，the regions along the Yangtze River Basin were designated as its marginal area of occurrence，including the part of Shandong，Henan，Shaanxi，Jiangsu，Hunan and on the surrounding. The suitable and the most suitable areas for the disease mainly located in Southwest China(Sichuan，Guizhou，Yunnan，Chongqing)，the central China(Hubei) and the Southeast China(Zhejiang，Jiangsu，Anhui，Fujian and Taiwan). These regions had the largest distribution of host plants，such as Rhododendron spp，Quercus spp，Lithocarpus spp. and so on. It is imperative to prevent the disease from invasion to the regions.

In order to compare the component and variation of volatile profiles of different family of Larix olgensis，volatiles from eight families of L. olgensis1，L. olgensis2，L. olgensis3×L. gmelinii1，L. olgensis4×L. gmelinii2，L. olgensis5×L. kaempferi，L. olgensis6，L. olgensis7，L. olgensis8 were collected with a silonite T M container by dynamic headspace collection. The collected volatiles were concentrated by using a 7 100A precondensable apparatus before they were analyzed and identified with GC-MS. The 33 species of volatiles were isolated and identified with 17 species of terpenoids and 16 species of alkanes. The primary terpenoids in the volatile profiles in the all families were camphene，βmyrcene，1Rαpinene，αterpinen，βphellandrene，γterpinen，(+)4carene，germacren D. Some families had tricyclene，Dlimonene，βtransocimene，camphor，bornyl acetate，αlongipinene，copaene，caryophyllene，αcaryophyllene. The relative percentage and species of terpenoids were obvious difference in the various families. L. olgensis2 had the highest relative percentage of terpenoids at 89.65% of the collected volatiles with 8 species of terpenoids(including 5 species of sesquiterpenes), followed by L. olgensis 7 at 84.41% with 7 species；L. olgensis4 at 78.59% with 7 species(including 1 species of sesquiterpenes)； L. olgensis6，L. olgensis3×L. gmelinii 1 and L. olgensis 5×L. kaempferi at 68.35% with 4 species，67.93% with 5 species(including 2 species of sesquiterpenes)，68.72% with 7 species，respectively；L. olgensis1 at 31.34% with 1 species； and finally L. olgensis8 at 24.59% with 5 species(including 1 species of sesquiterpenes).

An investigation on status of waterbirds in two sorts of plots respectively with mangroveforested and mangrove\| deforested in Hainan Island was conducted consecutively in winters from 2003 to 2005 to facilitate the conservation and management of mangrove forests in Hainan Island. The results showed that the waterbird species，numbers and diversity were much higher in mangrove forests wetlands than that of mangrove deforested plots，probably due to a higher density of invertebrate animals on the mudflat of mangrove forests，which attracted the more waterbirds to feed on. Whereas there was no marked difference in the numbers of ducks，plovers and small shorebirds such as Rufousnecked Stint，Temminck's Stint between the two habitats，the numbers of egrets and herons were significantly higher on mangrove forests wetlands，and the numbers of some middle and larger sandpipers，such as Common Redshank，Common Greenshank and Marsh Sandpiper，on mangrove forests wetlands were higher than that of mangrovedeforested plots. Finally，some conservation suggestions were put forward to strengthen the conservation and management of mangrove forests in Hainan Island.

In this paper，three Masson Pine(Pinus massoniana) plantation(Bagongshan pure plantation and mixed plantation，and Shaheji pure plantation) which under different growth conditions were selected as researching materials. The growth traits of totally twenty four trees in three different stem shape(straight，lean，curve) were measured firstly，and the drilled hole method was implemented to determine the longitudinal growth stress at different relative position of periphery of trunk subsequently. The relationship between growth traits and longitudinal growth stress was analyzed further，the result indicated: The multivariate ANOVA suggested one of main effects，relative position at periphery，significantly affected growth stress indicator(GSI) at 0.001 levels. One of dualistic interaction between relative position at periphery and subsection factor of tree height also had significant effect on the GSI at 0.05 levels. There no other effects had been found to hold obvious relationship with GSI. The partial correlation coefficient between GSI and all growth characters of straight tree were unobvious. In the leaned tree，significant partial correlation was found between relative position of periphery and GSI at 0.05 levels，and no other apparent correlations could be detected in leaned tree. Similar partial correlations were found in curved tree. When result of both multivariate ANOVA and partial correlation analysis were considered comprehensively，the general information suggested that ratio of tree height to diameter at breast height(DBH) of tree，leaned angle and parameters of crown shape could direct influence longitudinal growth stress of periphery of trunk at some extent，however，the degree of effect varied among three different trunk shapes. Thereafter，thining could reduce the ratio of tree height to DBH，and decrease the growth stress of straight and curved Masson Pine tree accordingly. In addition，the severity and distribution of longitudinal growth stress of leaned pine tree could be modified partly by controlling the leaned angle and the parameters of crown shape.

In this paper, the 25 mm thick poplar（Populus tremula）, birch（Betula platyphylla） and the oak（Quercus mongolica） by microwave treated as the object, were treated with the different microwave radiation intensities, treating time or moisture content(MC) before microwave treating, then vacuum and pressure impregnation in the treatment tank. It is discussed that the relationship between the conditions of microwave treating process and the permeability of dyed wood evaluated by the water absorption ratio(WAR) and the dye uptake. The result showed that the WAR and the dye uptake，the maximum at 30%（MC），increase with the decreasing of moisture content or increasing of microwave radiation intensities, treating time.

Micron wood fiber mould product based on cell break theory is a new kind of man made high strength wood product. It is mainly used on decorate parts of top grade cars and furniture. It has advantages as keeping original wood color, good surface luster and high mechanical quality. This paper studied the special mould pressing equipment of forming micron wood fiber mould product, explained the experimental method and introduced the primary mould technology. According to the method, pressing wood parts are able to be manufactured, which density is 1.30 g·cm^－3, nailholding strength is 2 450 N, depth of hole is more than 50 mm. Its capability is better than the fiber and flake products. The technological technique put forward by this paper is able to be used to make grotesque and curve parts having super density and super strength. The molding is done once. The using ratio of material is improved. The technological process of grotesque and curve parts is simplified. The cell break theory and micron cutting technology are transformed into engineering application. The waste, bad, small and inferior wood or firewood are taken into use effectively. The yield ratio of wood is improved by reconstituted technology and molding. The primary experimental technological parameters proposed by this paper are rare experience from plenty of experiments. The product exploitation can use it for reference and will be promoted greatly.

This paper reviews the recent progress in study of the variety, sources, conversion, and content organic acids(i.e. low molecular mass organic acids, OAs), as well as the methodology of their determination. The objective was to better understand ecological functions of OAs in temperate forest ecosystems. In summary, OAs in forest soils had about 40 varieties, including aliphatic and aromatic acids, among which the most were low molecular weight OAs. They were mainly the metabolites from decomposition of organic matters, secretion from tree roots and microorganisms. The litters played an important role. A series of conversions would happen once OAs released, including biodegradation, sorption by solid phase and complexation with metals, the sorption by complexation had especially more important ecological functions by affecting elements availabilities,such as phosphorus, iron; The concentration of individual OAs was the balances result between the processes of synthesis and the degradation, and ranged from micromolar to millimolar. The contents in O and A horizons were higher than those in B horizon, and mono carboxylic acids were higher than di tricarboxylic acids; In determining OAs, they usually needed to be extracted from various samples, and then the extract purified and concentrated before determining their variety and content done including extraction, purities and concentrations, OAs in liquid samples could be extracted by column chromatography or liquid liquid distribution, and in solid ones by extracting solvents. And then the extract is concentrated by such as rotary evaporator and nitrogen blowing concentrator, high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and gas chromatography are mainly employed for determining of OAs, and the methods should be chosen on the applicability.

During lifting and planting, desiccation, harsh temperatures, root injury and other detrimental factors, would impede seedlings performance. All of these factors were harmful to seedlings, and were recognized as the transplanting stress. The recent advances in study of the effects of these factors were reviewed in this paper. More attention was paid on the performances of stock, and physiological indexes such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, activity of different enzymes, were also described. Finally, the important and key aspects for future research are proposed.

The sycamore lace bug(Corythucha ciliata） was a new invasive insect species which heavily damaged Platanus spp. and other horticultural plants. It had spread over many cities along the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in China. The distributions and damage characteristics of the bug and its host plants as well were briefly introduced. Its spread speed and dispersal ways, biological characteristics and control techniques were viewed in details with hope of presenting some available suggestions to prevent the further spread and infestation of the bug in China.

Timber floor are by far the most common structural systems used in woodframed residential buildings, and are the only systems with which human occupants are in constant physical contact. In dwellings, the vibration due to walking often brings occupant discomfort. The paper reviews the evolution of design method for floor vibration serviceability and points out the future development on the floor vibration studies, which will be helpful to develop the Chinese design method for floor vibration serviceability.

The dynamic patterns of vitamin, fatty acid and amino acid content in the process of Allium mongolicum seed germination were investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography and high performance gas chromatography, and the nutrition values of seedlings during 10 days of germinating process were also evaluated. A completely randomized design and ANOVA were employed in this study. The results showed that: 1) Compared with control(dry seed), the contents of VB2, VB5 and carotenoid at different germinating stages were significantly increased, whereas the content of Vc has no significant difference and remained at high level ; 2) The content of various amino acids varied at different germinating stages, while the content of total amino acid and required amino acids significantly increased. The content of glutamic acid was the highest in all of amino acids, with arginine and aspartate followed; 3) The components of fatty acids presented various dynamic changes at different germinating stages. However, the content of total saturated fatty acid increased, while that of the total polyunsaturated fatty acid decreased. The results indicated that the nutrient value of the seedling was higher than that of the seed, due to higher contents of Vc, VB2, VB5,carotenoid, glutamate and PUFA in the seedlings. Therefore, 6-10 days old seedlings of A. mongolicum is suggested to be exploit as an esculent because it contains abundant vitamins and amino acids for the benefit of human body. 

The fruiting quantity and nut and seed characters of different Alnus cremastogyne clones were studied in this paper. The results showed that the fruiting quantity was highly significantly different among different clones and different years, however not different within a clone, which indicated that fruiting quantity was mainly controlled by genetic factors. There were significant or highly significant differences in nut length, width, 1 000grain mass, number of full seed, seed potential and seed efficiency among different clones, which showed abundant genetic variation. However, there were no significant differences in nut length, width, 1 000grain mass and seed potential within the same clone, which showed that the characters were mainly controlled by genetic factors too. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in number of full seed and seed efficiency within the same clones. It would be effective for seed orchard management based on the fruiting quantity and nut and seed characters of different clones.

The provenance trials of Loblolly Pine( Pinus taeda) were planted in different environments of Fujian, Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces in Southern China in 1983The 19 provenances with the same genetic bases were selected to evaluate the effects of planting environments on trees site productivity of Loblolly Pine，its wood properties and their genotypic stabilities with the ecovalence of Wricke’s model and regression coefficient B i of the Finlay and Wilkinson's model. The results showed that tree height, DBH, volume, latewood percent, tracheid length and wood basic density of the 19 common provenances of Loblolly Pine for pulpwood were significant affected by the gene effects of these provenances, planting environment, interaction of provenance gene and environment. The regression coefficient and ecovalence for characteristics of its tree growth and wood properties in provenance level were different. Genetic stabilities in tree growth characteristics for these provenances were better, but their genetic stabilities were not good in wood properties. Genetic stabilities were not in the same pattern in characteristics of tree growth and wood properties for provenances. Selection of better provenances should be conducted from tree growth and wood properties on the bases of trial in local districts and these better provenances are not suitable to other districts. The differences among three trial places of Fujiang, Zhejiang and Hubei were up to 12.6%～18.6% in tracheid length, 62%～159% in latewood percent and 4.8%～13.4% in wood basic density. Trees increment and wood properties of Loblolly Pine were mainly affected by planting environments. In order to increase site productivity for industrial wood in afforestation of Loblolly Pine, superior provenance is important and selecting better sites and their reasonable management is also necessary.

Under aseptic conditions, hypocotyls of mulberry were averagely cut into 3 segments which were then cultured on MS solid medium supplemented with 30 mg\5L^-16BA, 0.3 mg\5L^-1IAA, 1.0 mg\5L^-1AgNO₃ to select the best region of hypocotyls for getting the more caesptose shoots. In this study, the tip part of hypocotyls(near the germ) developed quickly and induced adventitious buds easily.The caesptose shoots were dipped into 1,1.5, 2.5 g\5L^-1 colchicines solution for 2 or 3 days, or dropped with 1.5, 2, 2.5 g\5L^-1 colchicines solution 2 times a day for 5 days, and then transferred to fresh medium. Both the dipped and dropped treatments induced variant shoots. Examination of the chromosomes of the shoot tip cells of the regenerated plantlets revealed that they were either tetraploids or chineras. The rate of tetraploids produced from the dipped and dropped treatments was 14% and 20% respectively with the chromosomes number of 56(2n=4x=56) as compared to the diploid(2n=2x=28).

The responses of Batocera horsfieldi adults to plant volatiles were tested with Y tube olfactometer. The results showed that the volatiles from the rose had a higher attractive ability to both of unmated and mated male and female adults of Batocera horsfieldi compared with ambient air, and had a higher attractive ability to the unmated and mated female adults compared with poplar（P<0.05）, while the volatiles had insignificant effect on the unmated and mated males（p>0.05）. There were insignificant differences in the responses of unmated and mated males and mated females to the volatiles between the rose and poplar，and in the responses of the unmated Batocera horsfieldi to the volatiles between the poplar and osier（P>0.05）.

This study mainly investigatied the geographical distribution patterns of Dastarcus helophoroides in China and analyzed the thresholds of temperature and humidity in its distribution regions, to provide a theoretical basis for employing D.helophoroides in controlling long\|horned beetles. In China, D.helophoroides distributed in the regions from the north, Meihekou City(41°41′ N) of Jilin Province to south, Shenzhen City(22°38′ N) of Guangdong Province, and from west, Zhongning county(105°40′ E) of Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region to east, Meihekou City(125°54′ E) of Jilin Province. The insect distributed widely in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hebi, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Ningxia, Shannxi, Beijing, Jilin and Liaoning. The annual mean temperature in the distribution regions was higher than 5.4 ℃, the average temperature in July was above 22.6 ℃, the average temperature in January is higher than -15.2 ℃, and the extreme low temperature was -36.8 ℃. The annual humidity in the distribution regions was above 47.2% and the annual precipitation was above 186.3 mm.

This paper illuminates forest management and development course of the key stateowned forest areas in Jilin Province，and shows us the historic changing process of forest management，that forestry gives priority to from lumber production to paying equal attention to ecology building and industry development.From forest clearcutting management technique to techniques of forest alternative harvesting and regeneration management，and finally under the new thought of managing forest about forest building，seeking a unique model of harvesting and regeneration managing forest with cuttingandculturing forest to fit Jilin Province’s forest areas，combines ecology building with industry development，makes forestry ecology building industrialize，industry development ecologize，advances Jilin Province’s forestry to harmonious development in ecological，social，economical benefit，accordingly realizes forestry sustainable development.