The cellulose synthase gene(CesA) plays a key role in regulating cellulose biosynthesis during the wood formation. In this study, a full-length cDNA clone encoding PtCesA4 was isolated from the cDNA prepared from immature xylem zone of Populus tomentosa with the biological informatics and RT-PCR. The cDNA was 3 757 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) which would be capable to encode a protein of 1 042 AA. The deduced protein sequence of the PtCesA4 shared 80.3％, 78.9％ and 75.6% identity with Arabidopsis thaliana AtCesA4, Oryza sativa OsCesA1 and Pinus taeda PtCesA2, respectively. Realtime-PCR indicated that PtCesA4 transcripts had their mRNA products expressed in roots, stems, leaves and apical shoot meristems, but their expressions were differential in the different tissues. The PtCesA4 transcripts were the most abundant mRNA products in mature leaf, immature and mature xylem, with medium expression in root and apical shoot meristems, with some expression in the bark and phloem, but a lowest-abundance was detected in cambium. The genomic sequences of PtCesA4 in 40 individuals were aligned, compared and analyzed using the software MEGA3.1 and DnaSP4.50.7. A total of 153 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected and the frequency and diversity of SNPs were 1/35 bp and 0.005 02, respectively. Among them, 51 were common SNPs and 102 were rare SNPs. There were 118 and 35 mutation types of transition and transversion, respectively. There were 69 SNPs detected in the coding regions of PtCesA4, of which 59 were silent mutations and 10 were missense mutations. The linkage disequilibrium of SNPs in the PtCesA4 was analyzed and the result showed that LD declines rapidly within the gene regions of PtCesA4 with the length increase. It suggested that wide LD mapping in Populus genome might not be feasible and not be necessary, but LD mapping based on PtCesA4 gene could be particularly useful in breeding programs of forest trees. The results, therefore, provided the important genetic foundation for associated with PtCesA4gene and gene-assisted breeding of new germplasms with desirable wood fiber traits in P. tomentosa.

In this study，a full length cDNA encoding linalool synthase was successfully cloned from floral organs of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii with newly designed degenerate primers by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR， Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) technology，and Blastn analysis. The gene was named as OfLis (Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergiilinalool synthase) and deposited under GenBank accession No. FJ645727. The OfLis full length cDNA was 2 003 bp and contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1 731bp encoding 576 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that OfLispresented two typical conserved motifs of terpene synthases，i.e DDXXD and (N，D)D(L，I，V)X(S，T)XXXE，which are essential for substrate binding and ionization. There was a N-terminal peptide sequence RR(X)8W which is essential for the enzymatic activity of many monoterpene synthases. The molecular weight and isoeletric point of OfLiswere predicted to be 67.29 ku and 5.26，respectively. Most of the amino acid sequences of OfLiswere hydrophilic regions. At the amino acid sequence level，OfLisexhibited the highest similarity (63.6%) with Lavandula angustifolialinalool synthase，and the lowest similarity (19.0%) with Clarkia concinna linalool synthase gene. RT-PCR analysis revealed that OfLis was specifically expressed in petals，pistils and stamens，but not in sepals and leaves in the whole bloom stage. This study lays a scientific basis for breeding，improvement and regulation and control of flavor profile of fragrant plant varieties.

This paper investigated several factors affecting transformation frequency of Sophora japonica in establishing the modified sck gene transfer system process with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated leaf disc transformation method. The results showed that S. japonica leaves were required to pre-culture on MS medium for 5 d in the dark. Agrobacterium strains, GV3101, were selected, and the Agrobacterium was needed to co-cultivation for 3 d. Agrobacterium bacterium concentration was about 0.7 in OD600, and the infection time was 10 min. Addition of 200μmol·L^-1 acetosyringone (AS) to the co-culture medium before infection significantly promoted S. japonica transformation. Antibiotic, 500 mg·L^-1 Cef, was best for inhibiting Agrobacterium growth. PCR and Southern blotting confirmed that sck gene had been integrated into the S. japonica genome.

Distribution and biological cycling of five microelements(Fe，Mn，Zn，Cu and B) as well as their changes with growth of stands in Acacia mangium plantation of three different stand ages(4-year-old，7-year-old and 11-year-old) were studied in the city of Nanning，Guangxi．The results showed that concentrations of these five microelements in different components of A．mangium plantation were in the order of leaves > dead branch > bark >alive branch > root > stem．In plant，concentration of Mn was the highest among the five elements，followed by Fe,Zn and B，while Cu was the lowest in various components of A．mangium plantation．In the soil, concentration of Fe was the highest，then Mn，Zn，B，and Cu concentration was the lowest among six elements. The total microelements storage at three stand ages plantations were 13.953，22.357，and 28.835 kg·hm^-2，respectively． Of the total storage of microelements, 47.37%～58.68% was distributed in arbor layer，14.76%～23.54% at forest floor layer，26.63%～29.10% at standing litter layer．The storage of microelements in A. mangium varied with different stands growth stages，most microelements storage in leaves and branches at 4-year-old，while they gradually moved gradually in stem and root at 7-year-old and 11-year-old. Annual net accumulations of microelements in three stand ages plantation were 1.652，1.750 and 1.536 kg·hm^-2a^-1，respectively．Comparison of microelements annual net accumulation in different components was in the order of stem > branches or roots >leaves > bark．Changes in annual net accumulation of various microelements in the same component was similar to that in various components，Mn＞Fe＞Zn or B＞Cu．The annual absorption of microelements in three stand ages plantations were 5.423，5.862 and 5.273 kg·hm^-2a^-1，respectively．The annual returns equaled to 3.771 , 4.112 and 3.737 kg·hm^-2a^-1， respectively. The microelement utilization coefficients were 0.821，0.479 and 0.312,respectively. The recycling periods were 1.753，2.979 and 4.522 years，respectively.

This study investigated chemical element concentrations in calcite, calcareous soil and restored plants in a limestone rocky desertification area in Huaxi, Guizhou Province. Results showed that pH value was 9.38, concentrations of total P and K were low while that of total Ca and Mg were high, and the microelement concentrations was ranked in the order of Fe>Pb>Ni>Mn>Co>Cu>Zn>Cd in calcite. In calcareous soil, the pH value was around 7.53～7.98. The concentrations of organic matter, total N and P were higher in forestland than in bare land. The concentrations of available N and P were very low with the value of 0.47%～1.18% and 0.8%～1.5% respectively. Total K concentration in calcareous soil was also lower, but available K concentration (251.81mg·kg^-1) in forest soil was higher than that K-rich soils (>155 mg·kg^-1), so the limestone soil is classified as a K rich soil. The concentrations of total Ca and Mg were higher in bare land than in forestland. The microelement concentrations in limestone soil was ranked in the order of Fe >Mn>Pb>Zn>Ni >Cu >Co>Cd. The concentrations of total Pb, Zn and Cu were not higher the third State standards so that vegetation restoration was feasible in calcareous soil. The concentrations of different elements in the plants grew in calcareous soil had great difference, so were the changes of the same element concentrations in different plants.

This paper studies on the functional value of urban forest in Guangzhou about its purifying SO₂,hydrofluoric acid and intercepting dust. The result shows that, the anti-sulfur intensity scale of main urban forest is between 7.740 and 0.051 mg·g^-1. Different types of tree purification capacity of sulfur is 365.278～36.836 kg·hm^-2a^-1, and its total value is 1.433×10 ⁴ t5a^-1, which equals to 2.865×10⁴ t SO₂·a^-1 And its potential purification capacity of SO₂ is 5.683×10.4 t·a^-1; urban forest can absorb fluorine 3 07852 t·a^-1, equal to hydro fluoric acid 3 240.45 t·a^-1, among them, Lysidice rhodostegia, Aporosa chinensis and Chinese banyan are good at absorbing fluorine, while Citrus is the worst; the open forest along urban has the biggest capacity of absorbing fluorine（22.551 kg·hm^-2a^-1）, and the economic forest the worst(1.974 kg·hm^-2a^-1); The urban forest in Guangzhou can be classified into 7 types, their average percentage of dust catching capacity is between 23.5% and 53.5% in fine and overcast days, the total average percentage is 39.93%，and the total amount is 6.076×10⁴ t·a^-1; the filtering SO₂and hydrofluoric acid, and catching dust functional value of the urban forest in Guangzhou City is 113 796.54×10⁴ yuan·a^-1.

The biomass, carbon storage and spatial distribution of 46-old-years (42-old-years to 51-old-years) Pinus massoniana nature secondary forest were studied in Tieshanping of ChongQing. The results showed that the total biomass is 142.06 t·hm^-2, the distributing sequence of the biomass of the forest ecosystem is: arbor layer(89.91%) > shrub layer(5.61％)>Standing litters(2.98％)> >herb(1.50％). The total organic carbon storage in forest ecosystem amounted to 197.78 t C·hm^-2, of which trees layer stored 76.06 t C·hm^-2 and accounted for 38.45%, shrub layer stored 3.55 t C·hm^-2 and accounted for 1.79%, herb layer stored 0.88 t C·hm^-2 and accounted to 0.44%, standing litters mass layer stored 2.34 t C·hm^-2 and accounted to 1.17%, and soil stored 114.96 t C·hm^-2 and accounted to 58.13%. The carbon storage in different organs was positively related to the biomass of corresponding organs. Stem accumulated the highest biomass, which also stored the highest carbon storage and comprised 75.06% of carbon storage in arbor layer. The annual net productivity of Pinus Massoniana trees was 9.01 t·hm^-2a^-1, and annual carbon storage was up to 4.49 t C·hm^-2a^-1, amounted CO₂ to 16.46 t CO₂·hm^-2a^-1.

This paper intended to investigate the spatial structure pattern of natural Korean pine broadleaved forests and to provide a basis for managing the natural forests. Topcon was used to survey every tree in a 1 hm2 plot in Changbai Mountains, and a uniform index was employed to analyze the spatial characteristics of trees with different diameter classes in the plot. Further, pattern testing-uniform index, point pattern and angle index were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of dominant tree species and the whole stand. Results showed that trees with different diameter classes had different spatial distribution patterns. Distribution of small trees exhibited a clustered pattern while that of the old trees had a random pattern. The results analyzed with the three pattern-testing methods all indicated that the spatial distribution of the natural Korean pine broadleaved forest displayed a clustered pattern. Pinus Koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus mongolica exhibited mainly random pattern and the other species had a clustered pattern. There were some differences among three methods in testing some species, but every method had its own superiority. This study would supply theory foundation for the future forest management.

The spruce stand was classified into four age classes i.e. age classⅠ (0～20 years), Ⅱ (20～40 years), Ⅲ (40～60 years), and Ⅳ (≥60 years). The basic photosynthetic characteristics of this species in the natural stands have never been studied. In this paper we investigated the variation of net photosynthetic rate among Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica trees in the different age classes growing in its natural stand with a portable photosynthesis system of Li-6400. The result showed that the light compensation point of different age needles of trees in different age classes was in a range of 10～25 μmol·m^-2s^-1, and the light saturation was 870～1220 μmol·m^-2s^-1. The diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate of sunny needles in the different ages all exhibited the uni-modal curves with their peakvalues occurring at 10:00, 12:00 and 13:00, respectively. There was variation in maximum net photosynthetic rate value of the same age needles among the different stand ages, and the order was: age class Ⅲ＞age class Ⅳ＞age class Ⅱ＞age class Ⅰ. The diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate of the shady needles revealed the bimodal curves in all stand ages except for the ageⅠ, which had a uni-modal curve of change. The value of maximum net photosynthetic rate of the same age class was in an order of current year needles＞1-year-old needle＞2-year-old needle. The regression analysis indicated that Pn of sunny needles was positively correlated with PAR, T air, T leaf and H2O-S, while its correlations with CO₂-S, RH-R and CO₂-R were significantly negative. The P n of shady needles had significantly positive correlation with PAR, and negative correlation with RH-R.

Fruit oil Content of 9 natural populations of Pistacia chinensis was investigated with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method. The result showed: content of oil in the fruit, seed and pulp was respectively 36.183%, 26.594% and 50503% of the total oil content. There was significant variance inthe oil content from different populations. The populations were classified into 3 groups by clustering analysis，and they were respectively lower variance and middle oil content of population, lower variance and low oil content of population, high variance and high oil content of population. Fruit oil content of P. chinensis existed a variation trend along southwest- northeast, the higher latitude and more east longitude, the more fruit oil content of P. chinensis. The oil content of seed and pulp had the same trend, though to a less degree, with ecological factors as the fruits did.

To investigate the relationship between the tolerance to dehydration and superoxide dismutases(SOD) in Pachira macrocarpa, fresh mature seeds were pretreated with a 12 h DDTC and subjected to 3～20 h desiccation silica gel at 25 °C. The results showed that 20 mmol·L^-1 diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC) treatment inhibited efficiently SOD and SOD activity in seeds and reduced tolerance of seeds to water deficit, which was evidenced with increases in electrical conductivities and malondialchehy of the seeds, and a rapid decrease of the seed vigor during desiccation. There were 2 isoforms of MnSOD, 4 isoforms of FeSOD and 2 isoforms of Cu/ZnSOD in seeds of P. macrocarpa. Their mobility in electrophoresis was Cu/ZnSOD＞FeSOD＞MnSOD, and bands intensity was in the descending order of FeSOD＞Cu/ZnSOD＞MnSOD. During the dehydration, the band intensity of all SOD isoforms was reduced differentially. The most significant reduction was for the band of MnSOD, followed by Cu/ZnSOD. After 20 h, all bands disappeared except for FeSOD2 and Cu/ZnSOD1.When the seeds were pretreated with 20 mmol·L^-1 DDTC for 12 h, the band intensity of all SOD isoforms reduced significantly. All bands in the seeds disappeared after 20 h desiccation. It suggested that the tolerance to dehydration would be highly related to SOD activity.

In the Taxus cuspidata nature reserve of Muling County in southeastern Heilongjiang Province, we selected 29 males and 30 females from a population of 271 natural T. cuspidata trees found by a route-checking survey to investigate the population fecundity. The strobilus development and the fruiting status, and their relationships with various ecological factors were examined by using the method of standard branches. The results showed that the sex ratio of trees was 1 m︰2 f, and the natural T. cuspidata tree was able to sexually reproduce for many years. Male trees had fecundity when the diameter at breast height (DBH) ranged from 1.5 cm to 92 cm, while female trees had fecundity when the DBH from 9.5 cm to 68.1 cm. Male trees typically flowered at the age about 20 years earlier than female trees. The numbers of microstrobili were 3 times more than that of megastrobili, and only 1/10 megastrobili developed into seed. The numbers of strobili and seed were correlated with DBH, crown diameter and height of trees; however, no significant correlations were observed with other site factors. Numbers of strobili decreased from the upper to lower canopy layers, while the quantity of seed decreased from the middle, upper to lower canopy layers. Seed-setting rate increased from the upper to lower canopy layers. Numbers of strobili and seeds in different directions of the canopy were not uniform, but the differences weren’t significant. These reproductive characteristics of natural T. cuspidata reflected long-term adaptations to the environment, including the activities of wildlife and humankind.

Based on an investigation of the street trees of 20 main streets in the urban area of Meizhou city, the composition, structure and characteristics as well as species diversity, importance value of the street trees were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) There were 7 133 trees, belonging to 23 species and 18 genera and 13 families, and their average DBH, crown and height were respectively 27.59 cm, 4.10 m and 6.94 m. In general their average crown was relative small. 2) S(abundance index), H(Shannon-Wiener index), and D(Simpson index) of biodiversity index were small, and there were the obvious difference in those indexes among different streets, which suggested that there were certain monotone of the tree species and structure layer. 3) The dominant species mainly consisted of evergreen trees that were Ficus virens var. sublanveolata, Ficus benjamina, Roystonea regia, Terminalia hainanensis, T. arjuna, Cinnamomum burmannii, and they were excellent tree species to fit for streets of Meizhou city. In the end, a list of 50 species, including major, general and tentative trees, were proposed according to characteristics of flora in the south subtropics.

Coleophora obducta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) is a defoliator
of larch and exclusively latent in leaves. This article tested behavioral responses of C. obducta to nine kinds of larch volatile compositions, namely R-α-pinene, S-α-pinene, β-pinene, ocimene, phellandrene, 3-carene, myrcene, camphene and phytol with EAG and Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed that 0.4 mol·L^-1, most volatile compositions had significant EAG responses compared with the blank control(P<0.05), with exception of females to R-α-pinene, males to R-α-pinene and phellandrene. Besides, there existed difference in EAG responses between males and females. Behavioral responses of C. obducta to nine kinds volatile compositions in a series of concentrations of 0.0004, 0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 0.8 mol·L^-1 were also examined with a Y-tube olfactometer. Females were inclined to S-α-pinene, S-β-pinene, phellandrene, 3-carene, and phytol to some extent (P<0.05), and males were inclined to ocimene, myrcene, camphene and phytol to some extent (P<0.05). In order to explore an insect-control agent of exotic host plant volatile components to larva's special habit of feeding latently, we further screened volatile compositions that active to females, and then sprayed them singly to healthy larch seedlings. The result showed that most larvae that fed on the twigs sprayed with the active volatile compositions were dead compared to the blank (P<0.01) with exception of myrcene 0.004 mol·L^-1 which had no significant effect(P>0.05). The phenomenon suggested that volatile compositions might be harmful to larvae, thereinto, S-α-pinene 0.04 mol·L^-1 caused the most larvae dead, which accounted for 86.677% of total number.

Life tables of population of Lymantria dispar were established when the pest was separately fed with Transgenic hybrid poplar 741 [Populus alba×(P. davidiana+P. simonii)]×P. tomentosaand with the untransgenic control. The result showed that the indexes of population trend of the pest in a transgenic poplar forest were decreased by 82%～92% than that in the control stand, indicating that the transgenic 741 poplar was able to reduce the natural population of the target insect.The highest mortality occurred at the boring stage of young instars larvae,especially in early stage of 1st and 2nd instar larva. The food and environment integrated to affect the pest population, and diseases and the pupa natural death caused by the transgenic poplar were most obvious among the all death factors, parasitic rates of different instar larvae of Lymantria disparin the stand of transgenic hybrid poplar 741 decreased in comparison with the control, which was more obvious in the high insect-resistance hybrid poplar 741.

The release amounts and emission factors of CO₂, CO, C_xH_y, SO₂ and NO from the combustion of fifteen types of fuels in un-decomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer in Xiaoxing’an Mountain were determined by using the gas analysis system. We also analyzed the differences in the release amounts of fifteen types of fuels and the correlation of five gases from the combustion.The results showed that the factors of the five emitted gasses from fifteen types of fuels were respectively 3.16, 0.31, 0.007 0, 0.005 4, 0.019 0. The total content of the five gases was 1 330.56 mg·g^-1, the total content of carbon-containing gases was 1 321.245 mg·g^-1, the release content of CO₂ was 1 200.56 mg·g^-1. All the values emitted from the semi-decomposed layer were larger than that of un-decomposed layer. The released content of CO, C_x H_y, NO and SO₂ was respectively 118.02, 2.66, 2.06 and 8.21 mg·g^-1. All the values from the semi-decomposed layer were lower than that of the un-decomposed layer There were significant correlations with each other among the release contents of CO₂, CO, C_xH_y, and SO₂(P<0.001), but the release of NO was not significantly related with the release content of CO₂, CO, C_xH_y and SO₂ (P>0.05). This research result would provide some scientific basis for evaluating the effect of forest fires on the atmospheric environment and forest ground covers management.

An investigation was conducted on the bird community in restored coniferous plantations in a previous degraded forest ecosystem of Hebei Saihanba area in summers of 2005 and 2006. The bird communities were with those in the natural deciduous forest and the natural mixed forest. Totally 39 bird species in 17 families and 8 orders were recorded. The results of statistics showed that the coniferous plantations restoration had remarkable effect on the bird communities of the degraded forest ecosystem. Both the number of bird species, （4.14±0.60) species·hm^-2 and the bird density，（26.21±7.64) ind·hm^-2 in the coniferous plantations were higher or significantly higher than natural deciduous forest (P=0.018), whereas there was no significant difference in the bird densities between the coniferous forest plantations and natural mixed forest（P=0.902）. The densities of Parus palustris hellmayriand Phylloscopus inornatus inornatus significantly increased in the coniferous plantations, which increased from 2.78±0.67 ind·hm^-2 and (1.21±0.45) ind·hm^-2 to (13.57±5.58) ind·hm^-2 （P=0.027）and (5.95±1.56) ind·hm^-2 （P=0.009，0.002）, but the H′ of the coniferous forest plantations was lower （0.98±0.10） and the J was significantly lower （0.73±0.04）（P=0.003，0.045） than natural forests. There were two bird feeding guilds in the coniferous plantations, in which the composition of bird species was no significant difference with the natural recoveryed forests, but their densities had significant variation. The density of insectivore in coniferous forest plantations could improve significantly （P=0.041）, but the density of omnivore and gramnivore was significantly lower than the natural mixed forest （P=0.007，0.002）.

The coated and uncoated veneers from poplar and Mongolian Scotch Pine was lighted by Xenon light attenuation tester. The photochroma machinsm and influencing fators were analyzed and the lightfastness performance was evaluated. The coated and uncoated veneers were easy to change color after lighted, with brightness index L* decreasing while chroma indexes a* and b* increasing. The chroma index b* of Mongolian Scotch Pine veneer had a more clear change. The coated veneers by water-borne two-component polyurethane varnish was obvisouly greater than these by water-borne acrylic varnish in the total chromatism value. The coated veneers from Mongolian Scotch Pine was more than these from poplar in the total chromatism value. The print had a more clear influence on the chromatism than veneer species. The coated and uncoated veneers by water-borne two-component polyurethane varnish had no clear influence on the total chromatism value. The coated veneers by water-borne acrylic varnish was smaller than the uncoated veneers in the total chromatism value.

Wood flour was treated with maleic rosin to improve its flow behavior, then compounded with high density polyethylene (HDPE) by an extruder to prepare wood-flour/HDPE composite (WF-HDPE). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to study the change of the function group and element on wood flour before and after treatments. The rheological behavior of WF-HDPE composites were investigated by a rotary rheometer. XPS and FTIR spectroscopy analysis indicated that chemical bonds were formed between maleic rosin and wood flour through the esterification reaction of anhydride groups and hydroxyl groups on wood surface. Maleic rosin has been added to the surface of wood flour in the form of monoester, i.e., the formation of esterified wood flour bearing a pendent carboxylic group. The rheological study showed that the complex viscosity (η*), storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of WF-HDPE composites decreased firstly and increased afterward and declined lastly as the dosage of maleic rosin increased, however, the viscosity of the composite melts decreased as a whole. After the modification of wood flour, the rheological properties of composite melts were improved markedly. According to the mechanical test it was indicated that, by proper treatment of wood flour with maleic rosin, the tensile strength and flexural strength of WF-HDPE increased obviously.

Forest felling right is the right that the main body of right enjoys and fells the forest in a legal manner to make profits according to the legally obtained forest felling license, excluding the interference of others, and it is also a manifestation of the disposure functions of forest property. In China, the deficiencies still exist in forest felling system, such as imperfect legislation, rigid quota system of forest felling right on the commercial forest, imperfect management mechanism, and so on. Therefore, only by making clear the status of forest felling property in the real right, perfecting the legal system and establishing the high-efficient administration mechanism for forest felling can the forest felling right be really realized.

Phosphate-dissolving bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of mangrove were characterized by 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP and 16S rDNA sequence to describe the genetic diversity and phylogeny. The dendrogram of 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP revealed the 24 isolated stains were assembled at 59% similarity level. The strains were grouped into 7 subgroups at 80% similarity. Phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequences was constructed with representative strains in reference to the homogenous sequences in Genebank, and the result showed that Bacillussp. was the dominant member,besides Paenibacillus sp.,Vibrio sp.，Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonassp. were also found.The highly genetic diversity was highly revealed by this study.In addition, the phosphate-dissolving capacity to dissolve solubilize the unsolvable inorganic phosphorus of bacteria was tested.All representative strains had the phosphate-dissolving capacity.The pH of liquid media of strains both were reduced to some degree, but the correlations were not found between phosphate-dissolving capacity and pH of the culture solution.

The sorbitol, fructose and glucose contents and the changes in activities of sorbitol oxidase (SOX), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), which are the enzymes participated in sorbitol metabolism, were investigated respectively in the endocarp, mesocarp, leaf and phloem during the development of fruits of ‘Jingyu'and ‘Okubao' peach. The results demonstrated that the pattems of sugar accumulation were analogous in the two varieties. In addition, sorbitol content in leaf was the highest in leaf, followed by that in phloem, and then in pericarp. The contents of glucose and fructose had obvious diversity in disparate parts. At the same time, the changes of SDH and SOX activities had same trend in the two varieties, with a big wave in fruit, and relative unchanged over time in leaf and phloem. Moreover, the testing value of every index was close to zero in endocarp around the 60th day or so after anthesis, which suggested that the basic metabolism was stagnated. However, the sorbitol metabolism in mesocarp increased sharply, which reflected it came into a new development stage.

In this study, genetic stability of foreign genes was checked by using PCR technology. A total of 4 lines of soil samples from transgenic and non-transgenic control Populus alba×P.glandulosa and the soil samples from the stands were collected in two successive years, and the bacteria, fungi and antinomyces were isolated by using flat dilution method to determine their quantities. The results demonstrated that target genes were stable present in the genome of transgenic poplar. We found that three kinds of soil microorganism appeared different trends within different months and different years. The ANOVA and multiple comparison analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in quantity of the soil microorganisms among most poplar lines at the same time point. Meanwhile, significant differences of the soil microorganism community were found among several transgenic lines, and between a few transgenic and non-transgenic lines, but they did not show any relation to the type and number of foreign genes. Our preliminary results indicated that the 2-year-old transgenic poplar growing in field had no significant effects on soil microorganisms.

The concentration of air PM10 in six types of green lands in campus of Tsinghua university was measured. The results showed that PM10 concentration exhibited obvious daily and monthly variation, and also had remarkable difference among different seasons. However there was no remarkable difference in concentration of PM10 within the same season over all types of green lands. As for average concentration, the value was lower in arbor land of spring, autumn and winter, and in lawn of summer. The concentration of PM10 was 43% higher in cloudy days than that of sunny ones. Moreover, the difference increased to 137% between cloudy day after raining and sunny day after raining because of the clarification of rain.

Knowledge about cumulative effects of forest management alternatives on forest landscape is required to make forest management decision. In this paper, a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, was applied to simulate forest landscape changes in 200 years under four management alternatives (no cutting, clearcutting, selective cutting I and II) in Youhao Forestry Bureau located in Small Khingan Mountains. APACK was used to calculate distribution area of the representative species and species age cohort for six species. The results showed: 1) timber harvest decreased area percentage of representative conifer species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis and Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelinii to some extent compared to no cutting. The most influencing cutting mode for the area percentage of Tilia amurensis and Quercus mongolica was selective cutting II, followed by selective cutting I and clearcutting. To the contrast, the change of area percentage of Betula phatyphylla was contrary to the management alternatives; 2) As to species age cohort composition, timber harvest significantly changed age structure, that is, it decreased over-matured age cohort of representative species, and increased seedling and middle-age cohort (B. phatyphylla was not included, because its area percentage of over-mature age cohort was the highest under clearcutting than other three scenarios).

Thirty one isolates of Colletotrichumspp. from different woody plants in Shaanxi province were collected and identified by morphological characteristics. Genetic diversity and phylogeny among the 31 isolates were investigated by sequence analysis based on the rDNA-ITS sequence variation, and compared with 11 relevent sequences from GenBank. The results showed that there was rich genetic diversity in Colletotrichum species; and the sequences diversity index was 01957. All the Colletotrichum isolates were clustered into three groups at the bootstrap value of 94%. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates were clustered into the G1、G2 and G3, respectively. Some isolates of this species exhibited extensive genetic variability compared with the other specie isolates. There was also genetic difference among the isolates collected from the same host tree. It is reasonable to use complex species (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) to refer to the woody Colletotrichum pathogens at present.

The effects of the occurrence and position of knots on modal parameter of Larix gmelinii was studied in this paper. The vibration signals are decomposed by wavelet package. The main results are as follows: the component of high frequency of sample with knot was higher than that of sample without knot. With knots at different position, the component of high frequency of sample with knots at left is the maximum and that of sample with knots at right is the minimum. The knots of samples can be nondestructively tested based on vibration modal analysis.

The volatile from pine needles of Pinus yunnanensis was extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents of the volatile were analyzed by GC-MS and their rative contents was determined by area normalization. 53 compounds were separated, 50 of them were identified.These 50 compounds amounted totally to about 94% of the components in the volatile and 97.467% of the total peak area. The maior components of the volatile were palmitamide（16.581%）and germacrene D（15.045%）.

‘Lulin-1’ is a female hybrid selected from a breeding population which was obtained from open pollination of Populus deltoides cv. ‘228-379’ after field test at seedling stage and regional planting test in cultivation area. It is a quality variety with traits of high survival rate, fast growth rate and resistance to adversity conditions, and suitable for industrial purpose, especially for plywood.