泡桐研究进展与展望

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250357

Abstract

Abstract:

Paulownia is native to China and has a long history of cultivation. It has excellent material quality, beautiful texture and good sound conduction performance. Besides being used as a building material, Paulownia is also widely applied in furniture manufacturing, musical instrument making and the production of decorative boards. Paulownia trees play an indispensable role in ensuring wood supply, improving the ecological environment, promoting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and supporting the construction of the “Belt and Road Initiative”. However, in actual production and application, there are issues such as a scarcity of superior varieties, large crowns and low stems, and a serious occurrence of Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB). Since the 1960s, researchers have conducted in-depth studies on these issues, covering the biological characteristics of Paulownia, the collection and preservation of germplasm resources, the creation of new germplasm and the breeding of new varieties, green cultivation techniques, the mechanism and control of PaWB, and the development and utilization of resources. They have achieved a series of original theoretical and application results, establishing China’s leading position internationally in this field. Given that most existing reviews on Paulownia focus on local achievements and lack comprehensive integration, this paper systematically reviews the latest core progress in Paulownia research, covering basic biological research, germplasm resource collection, breeding and cultivation techniques, as well as processing and utilization. Meanwhile, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis and discussion of the existing problems in current research and looks forward to future research directions and industrial development. It also puts forward suggestions for further deepening basic research, promoting the transformation of Paulownia breeding from “empirical breeding” to “precise design breeding,” and increasing the added value of Paulownia to achieve high-value comprehensive utilization, in order to promote in-depth researchand and sustainable utilization of Paulownia, and facilitating the high-quality development of the Paulownia industry and forestry undertakings.

Key words: Paulownia, basic biology, breeding, cultivation technology, processing and utilization

CLC Number:

S722.3

Xuefei Tang,Tingting Pu,Yujie Li,Jiaming Fan,Mengyao Zhou,Guoqiang Fan. Research Progress and Prospect of Paulownia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(7): 114-128.

Figures/Tables 5

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Table 3

Overview of Paulownia selective breeding， hybrid breeding, and polyploid breeding overview"

类型 Type	年份 Year	品种/良种 Variety	特性 Characteristics	参考文献 References
选择育种 Selective breeding	1990	‘豫选1号’ ‘Yuxuan 1’	速生、材积增长率高 Fast-growing， with a high volume growth rate	蒋建平，1994
	2013	‘桐优1-3号’ ‘Tongyou 1-3’	材积增长率高 High volume growth rate	江香梅等，2014
	2015	‘天桐C22’ ‘Tiantong C22’	适应性强、病虫害少 Strong adaptability， few pests and diseases	李康琴等，2016
杂交育种 Hybrid breeding	1995	‘陕桐3-4号’ ‘Shantong 3-4’	生长迅速、接干能力强、主干通直高大、丛枝病发病率低、材质优良 Rapid growth， strong ability to connect stem， trunk straight tall， low incidence of arbuscular disease， excellent material	樊军峰等，1995
	2018	‘中桐6-9号’ ‘Zhongtong 6-9’	抗旱耐寒、木材单株产量大、树冠窄小 Drought-resistant and cold-resistant， with a large yield per wood plant and a narrow tree crown	谭运德，2019
	2024	‘中桐 16 号’ ‘Zhongtong 16’	速生性能显著、耐旱性强、材质优良 Rapid growth performance， drought resistance， excellent material	马爱平，2025
多倍体育种 Polyploid breeding	2006	‘兰四泡桐’ ‘Tetraploid Paulownia elongata’	纤维素含量高 High cellulose content	范国强等，2006
	2007	‘白四泡桐’ ‘Tetraploid Paulownia fortunei’	抗旱、抗寒和耐盐 Drought-resistant， cold-resistant， salt-tolerant	范国强等，2007a
	2007	‘毛四泡桐’ ‘Tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa’	树干通直、适应性强、耐瘠薄 Trunk straight， strong adaptability， barren tolerance	范国强等，2007b
	2008	‘杂四泡桐’ ‘Tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei’	根系发达、速生 Extensive root system， fast-growing	魏真真，2008
	2008	‘南四泡桐’ ‘Tetraploid Paulownia australia’	材性增长率高、抗逆性强 High volume growth rate， high stress tolerance	魏真真，2008

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Table 5

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种名 Species name	演化关系 Evolutional relationship	中国主要分布范围 The main distribution range of China	参考文献 Reference
毛泡桐 P. tomentosa	原始种 Original species	黄河流域至长江中下游 The Yellow River Basin to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River	陈志远等，2000
白花泡桐 P. fortunei	原始种 Original species	中国南方及云贵高原 Southern China and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau	龚本海等，1994
川泡桐 P. fargesii	原始种 Original species	西南山地（鄂西、川东） Southwest mountain （ western Hubei， eastern Sichuan ）	陈志远等，2000
兰考泡桐 P. elongata	毛泡桐 × 白花泡桐 P. tomentosa × P. fortunei	华北平原至鄂、川、云贵 North China Plain to Hubei， Sichuan， Yunnan and Guizhou	卢龙斗等，2001
楸叶泡桐 P. catalpifolia	毛泡桐演化而来 Evolution of P. tomentosa	太行山区 Taihang mountain area	陈志远等，2000
鄂川泡桐 P. albiphloca	兰考泡桐 × 南方泡桐 P. elongata × P. australis	鄂西恩施地区、川东及四川盆地 Enshi area in western Hubei， eastern Sichuan and Sichuan Basin	陈志远等，2000
山明泡桐 P. lamprophylla	毛泡桐 × 兰考泡桐 P. tomentosa × P. elongata	豫鄂交界处 The junction of Henan and Hubei	莫文娟等，2013
台湾泡桐 P. kawakamii	杂交或地理隔离 Hybridization or geographical isolation	东南沿海、鄂西南及台湾省 Southeast coast， Southwest Hubei and Taiwan province	范国强，2025
南方泡桐 P. australis	杂交或地理隔离 Hybridization or geographical isolation	南方及东南各省 Southern and southeastern provinces	范国强，2025

系统分类地位 Systematic position		参考文献 Reference
泡桐属 Paulownia	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	龚彤，1976；于兆英等，1987；侯婷，2016；Cao et al.，2021
	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	Westfall，1949；于兆英等，1987
	泡桐科 Paulowniaceae	梁作栯等，1995；Tsymbalyuk，2014；范永明，2018

发病类型 Type of disease	高发时期 Epidemical season	发病部位 Diseased parts	主要症状 Cardinal symptom	参考文献 Reference
溃疡病 Canker	4月中旬—5月下旬 Mid-April to late May	主干、主枝和侧枝 Trunk， main branch and lateral branch	溃疡状病斑 Ulcerative lesions	刘建华，1992
炭疽病 Anthracnose	7月中下旬 Mid-to-late July	叶片、叶柄和嫩梢 Leaves， petioles and shoots	微凹陷、褐色近圆形病斑 Micro-depression， brown near-circular lesions	时全昌等，1964
黑痘病 Anthracnose disease	7—8月 July and August	叶片、叶柄和嫩梢 Leaves， petioles and shoots	黑褐色、疮痂状圆形病斑 Dark brown， scab-like round lesions	董启元等，1982
根结线虫病 Root-knot disease	5—9月 May to September	根 Root	根部瘤状异常生长 Abnormal growth of root nodules	范琴，2025
丛枝病 Paulownia witches’ broom	幼苗或定植 1~2年后发病 Occurred after 1-2 years of seedling or planting	枝、叶、根和花 Branches， leaves， roots and flowers	侧枝丛生和花瓣变为叶状 Lateral branches fascicled and petals become leafy	刘海芳，2021

虫害 Insect injury	为害部位 Damage location	主要症状 Main clinical	参考文献 Reference
泡桐叶甲 Basiprionota bisignata	叶片 Leaves	树叶焦黄，似火烧状 Leaves burnt yellow， like fire	刘红等，2004
泡桐网蝽 Eteoneus angulatus	叶片和叶柄 Leaves and petioles	树叶反卷变褐脱落，嫩梢枯死 The leaves turn brown and fall off， and the shoots die	王穿才等，2007
大袋蛾 Eumeta variegata	叶片 Leaves	叶片被啃食成缺刻孔状 The leaves are chewed into holes	范琴，2025

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