3种丁香属植物花粉特性及繁育系统的比较

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230542

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the pollen morphology and pollen germination methods in vitro of three Syringa species, compare the effects of different storage temperatures on pollen viability, and estimate the pollen/ovule ratio (P/O) and out crossing index (OCI), so as to provide reference for cross breeding of Syringa. Method: S. oblata, S. oblata var. alba and S. × persica were used as experimental materials, and the pollen morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy. In vitro culture methods were used to study the suitable media for pollen germination, and the effect of different storage temperatures on pollen lifespan was explored. A blood cell counter method was used to calculate the P/O ratio and the out crossing index was estimated through measuring flower traits. Result: All three Syringa species had medium sized pollens, ellipsoidal in shape, with three germination grooves and clear network carvings. The ratio of pollen polar axis length to equatorial axis length (P/E) value ranged from 1.45 to 1.83, and the volume index ranged from 28.24 to 38.82. The contents of sucrose, boric acid, CaCl₂, GA₃, and 6-BA in the culture medium all had effects on pollen germination in vitro. The suitable medium composition for the pollen germination of three Syringa species was as follows: 15 g·L⁻¹ sucrose, 50 mg·L⁻¹ boric acid, 50 mg·L⁻¹ calcium chloride, and 25 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA for S. oblate, 15 g·L⁻¹ sucrose + 50 mg·L⁻¹ boric acid + 50 mg·L⁻¹ calcium chloride + 50 mg·L⁻¹ GA₃ for S. oblata var. alba and S. × persica. Conclusion: According to the number, position and character (NPC) system of pollen classification, the pollen of all three Syringa species belongs to the N3P4C5-type, which can be identified based on pollen volume, P/E ratio, and extine pattern of pollen. The viability of pollens stored at room temperature can only be maintained for about 14 days. The pollens stored at –80 ℃ maintains high pollen viability, making it the optimal method for preserving pollens. The P/O ratio estimation suggests that the three Syringa species have outcrossing breeding system, whereas the OCI results suggest that the breeding modes of the three Syringa species are partial self-compatible, insect-pollination outcrossing.

Key words: Syringa, pollen morphology, pollen viability, in vitro germination medium, storage temperature, breeding mode

CLC Number:

S718.43

Lie Ma,Ting Zheng,Xiaoyan Ding,Jing Tian,Minghua Yu,Chengzhong Wang. Comparison on Pollen Characteristics and Breeding Systems of Three Syringa Species[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(11): 190-198.

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处理组 Treatments	赤霉素 GA₃/(mg·L^?1)	6-苄氨基嘌呤 6-BA/(mg·L^?1)
A2	25	0
B2	50	0
C2	100	0
D2	0	10
E2	0	25
F2	0	50

形态 Morphology	紫丁香 S. oblata	白丁香 S. oblata var. alba	花叶丁香 S. × persica
外部形状 External shape	长球形 Ellipsoidal	长球形 Ellipsoidal	长球形 Ellipsoidal
极轴长 Polar axis length/μm	38.82±3.34a	32.65±3.54a	27.24±3.03b
赤道轴长 Equatorial axis length/μm	21.17±2.18a	19.94±3.06b	18.82±1.55b
极赤比 Polar/equatorial ratio（P/E）	1.83a	1.64b	1.45c
萌发沟数量 Germinal furrow number	3	3	3
萌发沟宽 Germinal furrow width/μm	4.24±0.50	4.93±0.74	4.01±0.62
体积大小指数 Volume size index	38.82a	32.65b	28.24c
外壁纹饰类别 Decorative pattern	网状雕纹 Mesh carving pattern	网状雕纹 Mesh carving pattern	网状雕纹 Mesh carving pattern
网孔特点 Mesh characteristics	网脊较厚，网孔较圆钝，呈不规则状 Mesh ridge thick, mesh hole round, blunt, and irregular in shape	网脊较薄，网孔较圆钝，呈不规则状 Mesh ridges thin, mesh hole round, blunt, and irregular in shape	网脊较厚，网孔较大且锐利，不规则多角形 Mesh ridge thick, mesh hole large, sharp, irregular polygonal shape

花粉活力 Pollen viability	紫丁香 S. oblata	白丁香 S. oblata var. alba	花叶丁香 S. × persica
强活力花粉占比 The proportion of strong pollen viability	5.67±0.72	1.67±0.33	2.33±0.40
弱活力花粉占比 The proportion of weak pollen viability	12.33±1.32	4.67±0.64	7.33±0.93
总花粉活力 Total pollen viability	18.00±1.31	6.34±0.83	9.66±1.05

花粉处理 Treatment	紫丁香 S. oblata	白丁香 S. oblata var. alba	花叶丁香 S. × persica
新鲜花粉 Fresh pollen	30.17±4.15	27.60±3.20	32.73±5.44
自然阴干24 h Natural shade drying for 24 h	25.83±2.10	23.05±2.46	27.32±2.84
35 ℃培养箱1 h Incubator at 35 ℃ for 1 h	19.26±1.38	15.84±1.77	17.25±1.29
35 ℃培养箱3 h Incubator at 35 ℃ for 3 h	14.26±1.93	11.71±1.08	12.48±1.00

	紫丁香 S. oblata	白丁香 S. oblata var. alba	花叶丁香 S. × persica
单花花粉数量 Number of pollens	12 240±2 480	10 470±2 040	15 580±1 510
单花胚珠数量 Number of ovules	4±0	4±0	4±0
花粉/胚珠比 Pollen/ovule ratio	3 060	2 617.5	3 895

Comparison on Pollen Characteristics and Breeding Systems of Three Syringa Species

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处理组 Treatments	蔗糖 Sucrose/(g·L^?1)	硼酸 Boric acid/(mg·L^?1)	氯化钙 CaCl₂/(mg·L^?1)
A1	10	0	0
B1	15	10	0
C1	20	50	0
D1	20	10	10
E1	15	0	10
F1	10	50	10
G1	10	10	50
H1	15	50	50
I1	20	0	50

项目Item	紫丁香 S. oblata	白丁香 S. oblata var. alba	花叶丁香 S. × persica
单花直径 Diameter of small flowers/cm	1.35±0.12，记为3 1.35±0.12，recorded as 3	1.22±0.14，记为3 1.22±0.14，recorded as 3	1.61±0.13，记为3 1.61±0.13，recorded as 3
雌雄蕊的成熟时间 The time of maturity of the pistil and stamen	雌蕊先熟，记为0 The pistil ripens first, recorded as 0	雌蕊先熟，记为0 The pistil ripens first, recorded as 0	雌蕊先熟，记为0 The pistil ripens first, recorded as 0
柱头与花药的空间位置 Spatial position of stigma with anthers	空间分离，记为1 Space separation, recorded as 1	空间分离，记为1 Space separation, recorded as 1	空间分离，记为1 Space separation, recorded as 1
杂交指数 Out crossing index	4	4	4

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