间伐对'凤丹’牡丹生长、籽粒产量及品质的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220117

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the effects of different thinning intensity on plant growth, photosynthetic performance of different canopies, grain yield and oil quality of high density oil tree peony 'Fengdan' were investigated, which aimed to provide theoretical basis and technical support for accurate promotion and sustainable utilization of oil tree peony plantation. Method: This experiment was conducted in Qinyang experimental base of Henan Province, where the 'Fengdan' peony plantation was planted in October 2013. The initial planting density was 57 000 trees·hm^-2. In 2017, the 'Fengdan' peony entered the high-yield period, and when the fruits were ripe, it was founded that shading resulted in the death of the weak seedlings under high density condition. The actual density of the seedlings was 46 800 plants·hm^-2. In March 2018, after bud sprouting, thinnings were conducted with different intensities of 0% (CK), 17% (A), 35% (B), 47% (C) and 62% (D), respectively. The growth status, canopy photosynthetic parameters and yield traits and other indexes of plants were measured in 2019. Result: 1) Thinning had significant effects on the growth status, photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield and quality of 'Fengdan' (P < 0.05). The leaf area of the plant increased by 7.0%, 11.9, % 21.2% and 25.1% compared with the CK for the thinning intensities of A to D. The crown width, number of flowers, flower diameter, number of new leaves, leaf angle and number of new branches of plants showed the same change trend, while the tendency of plant height was the opposite. 2) Contents of leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein, rate of net photosynthetic (P_n), activities of SOD and CAT in the canopy layers were as follows: upper > middle > lower. The change of MDA content of leaves displayed opposite trend. Thinning significantly improved canopy light energy distribution and leaf photosynthetic performance. 3) The number of fruits, the number of grains and the quality of fruit pods per plant gradually increased with the increase of thinning intensity. The 100 grain mass and grain yield first increased and then decreased. The effect of 47% thinning intensity was the best, which grain yield was 47.97% higher than that of CK, and also significantly higher than other treatments (P < 0.05). There were not any differences in the fatty acid composition and content of tree peony kernel, but the total VE content first increased and then decreased with the thinning intensity. The components and content of VE in tree peony kernel treated with 47% thinning intensity were higher than those of other treatments, and the crude fat, starch and protein contents of the kernel also changed significantly with different thinning intensity. Conclusion: Reduction of the population density of oil tree peony through thinning can adjust the distribution of canopy light energy under growth stages, improve individual nutritional status and reduce space competition pressure, and maintain high and stable production performance of oil tree peony. It is most beneficial to improve the population structure of 'Fengdan' plantation by thinning in the range of medium intensity. The results suggest that thinning is an effective measure to promote photosynthetic performance, grain yield and quality of tree peony 'Fengdan'.

Key words: oil tree peony, 'Fengdan', thinning, growth state, photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield

CLC Number:

Mengjiao Zhang,Shuaiying Shi,Zheng Liu,Xueling Zhu,Kun Fan,Guoan Shi. Effects of Different Thinning Intensity on Growth, Grain Yield, and Quality of Tree Penoy'Fengdan'[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(1): 162-174.

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间伐强度 Thinning intensity	单株开花数 Flowers per plant/(N·plant^-1)	位一花径 First-flower diameter/ cm	位二花径 Second-flower diameter/ cm	位三花径 Third-flower diameter/ cm	位四花径 Fourth-flower diameter/ cm
CK	9.2±1.4cB	12.89±1.92cB	11.77±2.21	8.50±1.58c
A	11.7±1.4bcAB	14.33 ±2.76bB	13.21±2.69	11.11±2.80b
B	13.9±1.2aAB	13.97±1.94bB	12.65±1.91	12.19±2.06ab	10.60±2.12
C	14.9±1.4aA	15.89 ±1.93aA	14.12 ±1.83	12.35±2.34a	9.30±0.85
D	13.9±1.5abAB	16.40 ±1.76aA	14.59±2.12	12.98±1.72a

间伐强度 Thinning intensity	单株新生枝条数 New branch number/plant^-1	新生枝粗度 New branch width/mm	新生枝条长度 New branch length/cm	单株新生叶片数 Number of leaves per plant/(N·plant^-1)
CK	8.6±0.6b	6.85±0.2c	36.0±1.3bB	78.2±12.5d
A	9.2±0.8b	7.22±0.27b	36.6±1.4bAB	103.0±12.8c
B	9.8±0.8ab	7.52±0.29ab	38.1±2.3abAB	137.2±14.7b
C	10.6±0.9a	7.65±0.29a	39.2±1.9aAB	133.0±13.5b
D	10.8±0.8a	7.76±0.27a	39.6±1.6aA	153.2±11.9a

间伐强度 Thinning intensity	叶片位置Leaf position
间伐强度 Thinning intensity	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th
CK	51.0±4.2	48.2±3.4d	49.2±4.3c	48.0±5.7c	54.0±3.1c	50.0±3.5d	48.6±3.4c	56.3±4.8c	56.7±2.9c
A	51.0±2.2	52.8±2.6c	54.2±1.6bc	50.2±2.0bc	57.6±2.5bc	53.2±2.2cd	48.0±2.7c	53.0±5.7d	53.8±3.9d
B	53.3±4.1	53.5±2.9c	58.3±5.2ab	55.7±3.8b	58.3±4.1bc	57.5±4.2bc	53.8±4.8b	55.0±5.0c	58.3±5.8ab
C	51.0±2.2	58.2±2.5b	61.0±4.2a	60.6±3.3a	64.0±6.5b	59.0±2.2b	53.0±2.7b	58.0±2.7b	57.5±2.9b
D	52.1±2.7	60.7±4.2a	61.7±3.5a	66.4±3.0a	74.3±2.2a	65.0±5.0a	61.3±2.5a	63.3±2.9a	60.0±5.0a

月份 Months	间伐强度 Thinning intensity	上层 Upper	中层 Middle	下层 Lower
5月May	CK	1.92±0.06bB	1.38±0.09C	1.19±0.02bB
	A	2.02±0.02aAB	1.42±0.04C	1.27±0.06aAB
	B	2.00±0.05aAB	1.45±0.09C	1.30±0.05aAB
	C	2.04±0.03aA	1.92±0.04B	1.32±0.07aA
	D	2.07±0.05aA	2.05±0.01A	1.33±0.03aA
6月June	CK	1.04±0.08C	0.95±0.05C	0.90±0.01C
	A	1.21±0.03B	0.97±0.06C	0.92±0.04C
	B	1.32±0.08B	1.20±0.04B	0.95±0.04C
	C	1.50±0.03A	1.35±0.03A	1.12±0.01B
	D	1.51±0.02A	1.37±0.05A	1.21±0.04A
7月July	CK	0.83±0.03dC	0.89±0.07cB	0.68±0.06cB
	A	0.93±0.07cC	1.00±0.03bB	0.70±0.04cB
	B	1.05±0.04bB	1.20±0.05aA	0.76±0.03bAB
	C	1.18±0.05aA	1.27±0.04aA	0.84±0.03aA
	D	0.89±0.02cdC	0.97±0.05bcB	0.83±0.04aA

月份 Months	间伐强度 Thinning intensity	SOD活性SOD activity/(U·g^-1min^-1)			CAT活性CAT activity/(U·g^-1min^-1)
月份 Months	间伐强度 Thinning intensity	上层 Upper	中层 Middle	下层 Lower	上层 Upper	中层 Middle	下层 Lower
5月May	CK	271.73±3.63b	266.2±3.13	236.31±10.34c	10.38±0.83	6.58±1.18b	6.34±0.66b
	A	270.81±8.96b	267.58±2.74	254.28±4.26b	10.16±1.29	6.72±0.91b	6.66±1.46b
	B	279.36±5.26ab	267.78±1.29	254.22±5.05b	10.54±0.33	7.62±1.08b	7.00±1.66b
	C	280.48±4.19ab	269.62±1.34	267.12±2.25a	10.48±1.09	8.00±0.44b	7.74±0.45ab
	D	287.13±2.43a	269.62±4.89	267.71±2.91a	10.72±0.92	10.70±0.36a	9.46±0.76a
6月June	CK	233.61±5.54B	211.30±2.47d	206.10±3.02b	5.30±0.25	5.02±0.5b	3.34±0.35cC
	A	232.83±1.57B	227.62±3.15c	212.95±16.02ab	5.34±0.97	5.44±0.09ab	4.22±0.33bBC
	B	236.05±5.04B	230.06±2.09c	213.08±4.72ab	5.44±0.56	6.22±0.21ab	5.68±0.55aA
	C	234.54±3.82B	237.37±1.49b	216.17±2.00ab	5.56±0.39	6.60±1.28a	5.78±0.5aA
	D	251.85±3.21A	247.96±4.05a	225.52±4.64a	5.70±0.81	5.86±0.28ab	5.36±0.31aAB
7月July	CK	103.08±1.72cdBC	99.46±2.20C	84.91±5.63dC	2.56±0.72bc	4.16±0.81	3.24±0.74cB
	A	111.05±2.69bcAB	117.10±8.88B	92.81±7.41cdBC	3.78±0.82ab	4.92±0.75	4.12±0.43bcAB
	B	114.8±4.42abAB	117.70±4.52B	100.84±1.61bcB	3.82±0.85ab	4.74±0.57	4.78±0.28abA
	C	123.29±12.62aA	140.87±6.9A	118.03±2.18aA	3.96±0.52a	4.86±0.52	4.76±0.09abA
	D	92.81±4.89dC	114.21±2.47B	103.81±2.37bB	2.82±0.47c	5.42±0.07	5.20±0.52aA

Effects of Different Thinning Intensity on Growth, Grain Yield, and Quality of Tree Penoy'Fengdan'

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参数Parameters	间伐强度Thinning intensity
参数Parameters	CK	A	B	C	D
单株结果数 Number of fruit per plant/(fruit·plant^-1)	7.0±0.7dB	7.4±0.8cdB	8.0±0.9bcAB	8.9±1.0aA	8.5±0.8abA
果荚长度Length of pod/cm	7.4±0.6B	7.1±0.7B	9.0±0.7A	8.9±0.9A	8.5±0.6A
果荚厚度Pod thickness/cm	1.6±0.1b	1.7±0.2ab	1.8±0.1ab	1.8±0.1ab	1.9±0.1a
单果籽粒数Number of grains per fruit/(seed·fruit^-1)	37.1±8.9bB	46.8±10.3abAB	46.9±10.7abAB	53.9±10.3aA	51.0±10.3aAB
百粒质量Hundred grain mass/g	34.22±0.8e	36.99±0.13c	38.02±0.28b	38.90±0.33a	36.06±0.56d
实际籽粒产量Grain yield/(kg·hm^-2)	1532dC	1906cB	2105bA	2267aA	1540dC

参数 Parameters	间伐强度Thinning intensity
参数 Parameters	CK	A	B	C	D
棕榈酸Palmitic acid(%)	5.56	5.57	5.68	5.94	5.85
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid(%)	0.14	0.14	0.32	0.24	0.22
硬脂酸Stearic acid(%)	1.92	1.83	1.82	1.92	2.14
油酸Oleic acid(%)	22.20	21.70	22.10	22.30	21.20
亚油酸Linoleic acid(%)	24.60	23.90	22.00	23.90	24.30
α-亚麻酸α-Linolenic acid(%)	45.20	46.60	47.60	45.20	45.90
花生酸Arachidic acid(%)	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.15
花生一烯酸Arachidonic acid(%)	0.26	0.27	0.27	0.26	0.29
饱和脂肪酸SFA(%)	7.61	7.53	7.64	8.00	8.14
不饱和脂肪酸USFA(%)	92.41	92.61	92.29	91.90	91.88
多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA(%)	69.80	70.50	69.60	69.10	70.20
不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸USFA/SFA	12.14	12.30	12.08	11.49	11.28
α-VE/(mg·kg^-1)	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
β-VE/(mg·kg^-1)	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
γ-VE/(mg·kg^-1)	95.40	102.00	104.00	116.00	84.00
Δ-VE/(mg·kg^-1)	3.22	3.87	3.92	3.97	2.51
总VE Total VE(mg·kg^-1)	98.62	105.87	107.92	119.97	86.51
±%	0	7.35	9.43	21.65	-12.28

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