夜间不同环境稳定性条件下杨树水分生理过程的生物物理控制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240136

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In the context to the global trend of decreasing surface wind speeds, known as "atmospheric stilling", differences in diurnal environmental stability primarily driven by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and wind speed (v) are becoming increasingly pronounced. However, the biophysical control mechanisms of tree water physiological processes under different environmental stability conditions remain unclear. In this study, an ecological system of poplar plantations was targeted and the biophysical regulation mechanisms of environmental factors and endogenous circadian rhythms on leaf water physiology and trunk sap flow in trees were investigated. This study aims to explore the response patterns and influencing factors of tree water-related physiological processes, such as leaf stomatal conductance, leaf-level transpiration rate, leaf water potential, and trunk sap flow, under different nighttime environmental conditions. Method: The research was conducted in a Populus × euramericana plantation along the Chaobai River in Shunyi District, Beijing. During the growing season, gas exchange at the leaf-level and leaf water potential were measured continuously over seven clear day-night cycles on three sample trees. Simultaneously, sap flux density in the sample trees was monitored using heat diffusion probe technology, with concurrent recording changes in environmental factor, and the impact of diurnal rhythms was quantified using hours after dusk. Result: 1) Nighttime stomatal opening was observed, with synchronized occurrences of leaf transpiration and sap flux. Under stable nocturnal conditions (v=0 and ΔVPD ≤0.1 kPa), tree water physiological indicators were primarily influenced by air and soil temperatures (P<0.05), albeit relatively weak. There was a significant negative correlation between nocturnal sap flux and leaf stomatal conductance (P<0.01), indicating that sap flux was mainly used for stem water replenishment. 2) Under fluctuating nighttime environmental conditions (v>0 or ΔVPD ≥0.1 kPa), leaf stomatal conductance and sap flux density were positively regulated by air temperature (T_a) and VPD, and negatively correlated with relative humidity (RH), with T_a being the dominant factor. Leaf water potential was mainly influenced by T_a, soil water content (SWC), and soil temperature (ST). Nighttime sap flux density showed significant positive correlations with leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water potential (R²=0.67). 3) Daytime environmental conditions fluctuated strongly, showing a significantly higher correlation between leaf water physiological indicators and sap flux density compared to nighttime. However, there was a negative correlation between leaf stomatal conductance and VPD, and there was a decoupling phenomenon between stomatal conductance and sap flux density (P=0.078). 4) The impact of the circadian rhythm, as characterized by hours after dusk, varied with changes in nighttime environmental stability. Under stable nocturnal conditions, duration after dusk significantly affected leaf stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, and transpiration (P<0.01). Under fluctuating nocturnal conditions, the influence of this factor on leaf water physiological indicators were reduced, with no significant impact on stomatal conductance and leaf water potential (P₁=0.066, P₂=0.08), indicating that nocturnal environmental fluctuations affected the manner and extent to which the circadian rhythm influenced tree water-related physiological processes. Conclusion: Under varying nighttime environmental stability conditions, there are significant differences in the biophysical processes and regulatory mechanisms of tree water physiology. When environmental fluctuations are minimal, tree water physiology processes are regulated by circadian rhythms, forming a pronounced nocturnal pattern. At this time, its impact on plant hydration should be considered. This research emphasizes the pivotal role of circadian rhythms in controlling forest water usage and recommends formulating irrigation strategies based on temporal factors and environmental stability to optimize water management and adapt to climate change. Furthermore, this study provides theoretical support for understanding forest hydrological cycles and assessing the adaptability of riparian plantations to climate change.

Key words: environmental stability, diurnal differences, sap flow, leaf water physiology, diurnal rhythms

CLC Number:

S718.43

Yijun Wang,Lixin Chen,Zuosinan Chen,Zhiqiang Zhang,Hang Xu,Fei Yao,Shengnan Chen. Biophysical Control of Water Physiological Processes in Poplar under Various Nighttime Environmental Stability Conditions[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(8): 95-108.

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样树编号 Tree No.	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Tree height/m	冠幅 Canopy diameter/m		树冠投影面积 Crown projected area/m²	边材面积 Sapwood area/cm²
样树编号 Tree No.	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Tree height/m	东西 East-west	南北 North-south	树冠投影面积 Crown projected area/m²	边材面积 Sapwood area/cm²
1	14	16	4.12	3.26	10.55	72.86
2	14.2	19.2	4.04	2.93	9.30	74.76
3	19.98	21.6	3.3	4.39	11.38	139.23
4	26.23	22.4	5.26	3.83	15.82	228.54
5	30.99	25.12	7.14	6.15	34.49	309.62
6	25.7	22.56	5.47	5.42	23.29	220.20
7*	36.53	21.9	7.46	6.8	39.84	417.72
8	40.28	19.2	9.16	8.14	58.56	499.07
9*	30.59	22.5	4.66	8.98	32.87	302.38
10*	33.97	20.7	5.90	9.8	45.41	365.96

类别 Category	全称 Full name	简写 Abbreviation	单位 Unit
树木水分生理指标 Tree water physiological indicators	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	g_s	mol·m^?2 s^?1
	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	Tr	mmol·m^?2 s^?1
	叶片水势 Leaf water potential	Ψ	MPa
	树干液流密度 Sap flux density	J_s	g·cm^?2 s^?1
环境因子 Environmental factors	太阳辐射 Solar radiation	R_s	W·m^?2
	风速 Wind speed	v	m·s^?1
	大气温度 Air temperature	T_a	?C
	空气相对湿度 Relative humidity	RH	%
	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit	VPD	kPa
	土壤含水量 Soil water content	SWC	m³·m^?3
	土壤水势 Soil water potential	SWP	kPa
	土壤温度 Soil temperature	ST	?C
昼夜节律因子 Circadian rhythm factors	日落后历时 Hours after dusk	t_night	h

水分生理指标 Water physiology indicators	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit
水分生理指标 Water physiology indicators	R²	P
g_s	0.015	0.174
Tr	<0.001	0.937
Ψ	0.053	0.043
J_s	0.034	0.086

环境分组 Environmental grouping	分组依据 Basis for grouping	树木水分生理指标 Tree water physiological indicators	环境因子 Environmental factors
NU	R_s<5 W·m^?2 & $ \Delta $VPD≥0.1 kPa	g_s, Tr, Ψ, J_s	v, T_a, RH, VPD, SWC, SWP, ST, (t_night)
NS	R_s<5 W·m^?2 & ΔVPD<0.1 kPa	g_s, Tr, Ψ, J_s	T_a, RH, VPD, SWC, SWP, ST, (t_night)
DT	R_s≥5 W·m^?2	g_s, Tr, Ψ, J_s	R_s, v, T_a, RH, VPD, VWC, SWP, ST

生理指标 Physiology indicators	环境分组 Environmental grouping
生理指标 Physiology indicators	NU	NS	DT
g_s	54.9	28.4	40.4
Tr	67.1	26.1	51.9
Ψ	18.6	38.8	35.0
J_s	63.0	57.1	109.2

Biophysical Control of Water Physiological Processes in Poplar under Various Nighttime Environmental Stability Conditions

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环境分组 Environmental grouping	模型参数Model parameters		回归系数检验Regression coefficient test
环境分组 Environmental grouping	R²	RMSEP	IV	SRC	P
NU	0.666	0.22	g_s	0.355	0.001
			Tr	0.412	<0.001
			Ψ	0.188	0.015
NS	0.219	0.06	g_s	-0.512	0.006
			Tr	0.176	0.31
			Ψ	0.042	0.772
DT	0.762	0.87	g_s	0.132	0.078
			Tr	0.677	<0.001
			Ψ	0.191	0.001

环境分组 Environmental grouping	自变量Independent variables
	因变量 Dependent variables	环境因子 Environmental factors		黄昏后历时 Hours after dusk		环境因子和黄昏后历时 Environmental factors and hours after dusk
	因变量 Dependent variables	R²	RMSEP	SRC	P	R²	RMSEP
NU	g_s	0.333	0.68	?0.17	0.066	0.356	0.68
	Tr	0.484		?0.215	0.018	0.506
	Ψ	0.462		?0.12	0.080	0.373
	J_s	0.851		?0.289	0.001	0.869
NS	g_s	0.388	0.29	1.241	0.000	0.755	0.26
	Tr	0.119		1.17	0.007	0.456
	Ψ	0.816		0.398	0.006	0.844
	J_s	0.711		?0.031	0.868	0.709
DT	g_s	0.440	1.51	—	—	—	—
	Tr	0.564
	Ψ	0.827
	J_s	0.859

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