1973—2018年我国桉树人工林生产力及碳汇能力

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220725

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: It is important to study the resource changes, productivity and carbon sink capacity of Eucalyptus plantation forests in China during 1973—2018, with a view to revealing the soil fertility depletion of Eucalyptus plantation forests, objectively evaluating the contribution of Eucalyptus plantation forests to increasing timber supply and enhancing forest carbon sink capacity in China, and providing a scientific basis for formulating sustainable management policies. Method: In this study, we collected the sample plot data from 9 national forest inventories(NFIs) during 1973—2018, China forest-land database map in 2003 and 2016, as well as climate and elevation data, and analyzed the dynamic changes in the spatial distribution of Eucalyptus plantation forests and continuously tracked the changes of Eucalyptus in fixed sample plots, and quantitatively evaluated Eucalyptus in China based on the accumulation data of eucalyptus fixed sample plots for 5 periods of 25 years(from 1994 to 2018). The productivity, carbon accumulation capacity, and abandonment rate of Eucalyptus in China were quantitatively evaluated based on the accumulation of Eucalyptus in fixed sample plots for five periods of 25 years. Result: The results showed that regions with annual mean air temperature of 19-21 ℃, annual precipitation of 1 400-1 600 mm, and elevation of 0-300 m above sea level suit the growth of Eucalyptus plantations best. The average annual productivity of Eucalyptus trees nationwide generally ranges from 4.14 to 8.57 m³·hm^?2a^?1, which is higher in four provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, with 2-3-year-old Eucalyptus forests approaching 40 m³·hm^?2a^?1; according to the 9th inventory (2014—2018) data, the average annual carbon sequestration per hectare of Eucalyptus was 5.29 t·hm^?2a^?1, which was 2.95 and 2.18 times higher than that of fast-growing tree species, horsetail pine and fir plantations in the same region. Despite the low harvesting age of Eucalyptus and the fact that 46% of the harvesting volume is used for paper production, 54% of the harvesting volume is still in the form of panels for long-term carbon sequestration, and the carbon sink function is still strong. Eucalyptus is an important timber species, and while the area of Eucalyptus accounts for 6.85% of the country's plantation forest, the annual timber harvest accounts for more than 17.96% of the country's plantation forest harvest; among them, Guangdong and Guangxi account for 30.32% and 34.91% of their plantation forest area, while the harvest accounts for 66.29% and 49.97% respectively. However, Eucalyptus grow vigorously and consume large amounts of land power. The abandonment rate of the original Eucalyptus plantation area is about 25% or more every 5 years, and the cumulative abandonment rates at 10 and 20 years are close to 50% and 75%, respectively, with the risk of serious decline in land power and difficulty in reforestation after long-term continuous planting. Conclusion: Through measures such as controlling the continuous management cycle of Eucalyptus plantations, carrying out reasonable crop rotation and improving scientific management, the abandoned land can still be replanted. The area of Eucalyptus plantations replanted within 20 years accounts for less than 20% of their abandoned areas, and less than 30% within 50 years, indicating that there is still potential to increase the replanting rate. Therefore, sustainable management of Eucalyptus plantation forests in China should be strengthened to maintain soil fertility and make greater contributions to securing China's timber supply, protecting natural forest resources, enhancing forest carbon sequestration capacity and mitigating climate change.

Key words: Eucalyptus plantations, national forest inventory (NFI), geographical distribution, forest productivity, carbon storage, carbon sink capacity

CLC Number:

S750

Yuxing Zhang,Xuejun Wang. Productivity and Carbon Sink Capacity of Eucalyptus Plantations in China from 1973 to 2018[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 54-64.

Figures/Tables 13

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References 0

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省Province	NFI_5th（1994—1998）			NFI_6th（1999—2003）			NFI_7th（2004—2008）			NFI_8th（2009—2013）			NFI_9th（2014-2018）
省Province	样地数 Plot number	生产力均值Mean productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	生产力最大值Maximum productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数 Plot number	生产力均值Mean productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	生产力最大值Maximum productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数 plot number	生产力均值Mean productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	生产力最大值 Maximum productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数 Plot number	生产力均值Mean productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	生产力最大值Maximum productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数 Plot number	生产力均值Mean productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	生产力最大值Maximum productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）
浙江Zhejiang													1	0.36	0.36
福建Fujian	4	2.81	6.96	7	3.95	10.72	66	7.82	33.32	113	13.75	36.69	87	9.48	29.54
江西Jiangxi										7	1.79	8.15	2	1.91	3.53
湖南Hunan										7	1.20	3.44	6	2.70	7.96
广东Guangdong	61	4.53	24.49	85	5.38	34.91	276	5.38	37.15	357	6.80	38.38	389	6.27	33.34
广西Guangxi	15	5.43	10.23	31	6.29	19.37	111	4.04	24.12	344	9.76	38.51	533	11.39	38.73
海南Hainan	142	3.88	18.72	139	4.21	22.26	161	4.64	24.50	122	4.70	14.15	108	6.65	29.03
重庆Chongqing							3	2.33	3.41	29	0	0	22	4.25	9.35
四川Sichuan				4	2.50	4.97	13	2.65	7.86	33	4.29	14.50	38	7.08	17.42
贵州Guizhou										3	2.88	7.66	8	4.99	10.63
云南Yunnan	4	3.86	6.5	6	6.43	24.17	50	2.99	14.89	81	6.50	27.88	88	6.55	32.01
合计Total	226	4.14	24.49	273	5.72	34.91	687	4.94	37.15	1096	7.86	38.51	1282	8.57	38.73

连续种植时间Continuous planting time/a	第5次清查NFI_5th		第6次清查NFI_6th		2次清查From the 5th to 6th NFIs
连续种植时间Continuous planting time/a	平均生产力Mean productivity(m³·hm^?2·a^?1)	数量Number	平均生产力Mean productivity(m³·hm^?2a^?1)	数量Number	平均生产力Mean productivity(m³·hm^?2·a^?1)	数量Number
1～5	4.14	226	5.34	123	4.56	349
6～10	6.03	150	6.13	76	6.06	226
11～15	5.71	103	9.30	59	7.02	162
16～20	6.00	72	5.64	38	5.88	110
20～25	6.03	55			6.03	55

数据Data	最优模型确定Reliability-calculating model
数据Data	模型式Model	确定系数 R²
606块样地建模Model of 606 plots	y =?0.222 1x²+1.707 9x+2.902 0	0.784 9
902个样地建模Model of 902 plots	y = ?0.342 0x²+2.326 8x+2.691 9	0.776 5

清查 NFI	样地类型 Plot type	5th （1994—1998）		6th （1999—2003）			7th （2004—2008）			8th （2009—2013）			9th （2014—2018）
清查 NFI	样地类型 Plot type	样地数 Plot number	生产力Productivity （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数 Plot number	生产力Productivity （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	弃种样地Abandoned sample plot number	样地数 Plot number	生产力Productivity （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	弃种样地Abandoned sample plot number	样地数 Plot number	生产力Productivity （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	弃种样地Abandoned sample plot number	样地数 Plot number	生产力Productivity （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	弃种样地Abandoned sample plot number
5th	保留样地 Retained plot	226	4.14	150	6.03	76	103	5.71	47	72	6	31	55	6.03	17
6th	新增样地Newly-cultivated			123	5.34		76	6.13	47	59	9.30	17	38	5.64	21
7th	新增样地Newly-cultivated						508	4.60		413	7.59	95	322	7.70	91
8th	新增样地Newly-cultivated									552	8.15		433	9.24	119
9th	新增样地Newly-cultivated												434	9.13
合计Total		226	4.14	273	5.72	76	687	4.94	96	1 096	7.86	143	1 282	8.57	248

项目Item	样地数Plot number	5年5 years		10年10 years		15年15 years		20年20 years
项目Item	样地数Plot number	保留样地数Retained plot number	累计弃种率Cumulative abandonment rate（%）	保留样地数Retained plot number	累计弃种率Cumulative abandonment rate（%）	保留样地数Retained plot number	累计弃种率Cumulative abandonment rate（%）	保留样地数Retained plot number	累计弃种率Cumulative abandonment rate（%）
原始样地Original plots (1994—1999)	226	150	33.63	103	54.43	72	68.15	55	75.66
新增样地Newly-cultivated plots (1999—2003)	123	76	38.21	59	52.03	38	69.1
新增样地Newly cultivated plots (2004—2008)	508	413	18.7	322	36.61
新增样地Newly-cultivated plots (2009—2013)	552	433	21.56
新增样地plots Newly-cultivate (2014—2108)	434
平均弃种率Mean abandoned rate			23.92		24.26		32.1		23.61
累计弃种率Cumulative abandonment rate	1 843		23.92		43.52		68.48		75.66

Productivity and Carbon Sink Capacity of Eucalyptus Plantations in China from 1973 to 2018

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弃种时段Abandonment period	弃种样地数 Abandoned plot number	NFI_6th（1999—2003）			NFI_7th（2004—2008）			NFI_8th（2009—2013）			NFI_9th（2014-2018）
弃种时段Abandonment period	弃种样地数 Abandoned plot number	种植桉树 Growing Eucalyptus	种植其他树种 Growing non- Eucalyptus species	非林地 Non-plantation use	种植桉树 Growing Eucalyptus	种植其他树种 Growing non- Eucalyptus species	非林地 Non-plantation use	种植桉树 Growing Eucalyptus	种植其他树种 Growing non- Eucalyptus species	非林地 Non-plantation use	种植桉树 Growing Eucalyptus	种植其他树种 Growing non- Eucalyptus species	非林地 Non-plantation use
NFI_6th	76	4	2	4		26	40	4	8	1		31	32
NFI_7th	47							2	2	8	1	17	17
NFI_7th	47							2	5	15		3	22
NFI_8th	31
	17
	95
NFI_9th	17
	21
	91
	119
合计Total	561	4	2	4	0	26	40	8	15	24	1	51	71
比例Percentage(%)	100	5.26	2.63	5.26	0.00	34.21	52.64	4.71	8.82	14.12	0.59	30.00	41.76

清查 NFI	项目 Item		6th	7th		8th			9th				合计Total	比例Percentage（%）
6th	弃种样地数Quantity of abandoned plot		76	47	47	31	17	95	17	21	91	119	561	100
	针叶树种Conifers		4										4	5.26
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	桉树Eucalyptus	2										2	2.63
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	非桉树 Non-Eucalyptus	4										4	5.26
	混交树种 Mixed forest												0	0
	经济树种 Economic tree species		26										26	34.21
	无林地Not used for plantation		40										40	52.64
7th	针叶树种Conifers		4	2	2								8	4.71
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	桉树Eucalyptus	8	2	5								15	8.82
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	非桉树Non-Eucalyptus	1	8	15								24	14.12
	混交树种Mixed forest			1								1	0.59
	经济树种Economic tree species		31	17	3								51	30
	无林地Not used for plantation		32	17	22								71	41.76
8th	针叶树种Conifers		4	2	1		2	7				16	5.11
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	桉树Eucalyptus	8	5	16	3	1	12				45	14.38
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	非桉树Non-Eucalyptus	2	5	12	5	4	17					45	14.38
	混交树种Mixed forest			1	1	1		6					9	2.88
	经济树种Economic tree species		31	21	6	13	2	12					85	27.16
	无林地Not used for plantation		31	13	11	9	8	41					113	36.09
9th	针叶树种Conifers		3	2	2		2	5	1		10	11	36	6.42
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	桉树Eucalyptus	12	5	19	4	2	21	1	1	11	13	89	15.86
	阔叶树种 Broad-leaf trees	非桉树Non-Eucalyptus	1	5	12	5	3	18	5	3	22	30	104	18.54
	混交树种Mixed forest			1				5	1	2	9	12	30	5.35
	经济树种Economic tree species		28	21	4	15	3	14	2	2	5	9	103	18.36
	无林地Not used for plantation		32	13	10	7	7	32	7	13	34	44	199	35.47

清查Period	弃种样地数 Abandoned plotnumber	弃种5年内 Replanting within 5 years			弃种10年内Replanting within 10 years			弃种15年内 Replanting within 15 years			弃种20年内 Replanting within 20 years
清查Period	弃种样地数 Abandoned plotnumber	样地数Plotnumber	桉树复种率 Replanting rate of Eucalyptus （%）	桉树复种率累计Cumulative eucalyptus replanting rate（%）	样地数Plotnumber	桉树复种率 Replanting rate of Eucalyptus （%）	桉树复种率累计Cumulative Eucalyptus replanting rate（%）	样地数Plotnumber	桉树复种率 Replanting rate of Eucalyptus （%）	桉树复种率累计Cumulative Eucalyptus replanting rate（%）	样地数Plotnumber	桉树复种率 Replanting rate of Eucalyptus （%）	桉树复种率累计Cumulative Eucalyptus replanting rate（%）
6th	76	2	2.63	2.63	6	7.89	10.53	0	0	10.53	4	5.26	15.79
7th	94	7	7.45	7.45	14	14.89	22.34	3	3.19	25.53
8th	143	16	11.19	11.19	11	7.69	18.88		0
9th	248	26	10.48	10.48		0			0
合计Total	561	51	9.09	9.09	31	5.53	14.62	3	0.53	15.15	4	5.26	15.86

清查Period	弃种样地数 Abandoned plot number	弃种5年内复种桉树的生产力 Replanting productivity (<5 years of abandonment)		弃种10年内复种桉树的生产力 Replanting productivity (<10 years of abandonment)		弃种15年内复种桉树的生产力 Replanting productivity (<15 years of abandonment)		弃种20年内复种桉树生产力 Replanting productivity (<20 years of abandonment)
清查Period	弃种样地数 Abandoned plot number	样地数Plot number	生产力Productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数Plot number	生产力Productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数Plot number	生产力Productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）	样地数Plot number	生产力Productivity/ （m³·hm^?2a^?1）
6th	76	2	0	6	2.49	0		4	8.93
7th	94	7	0	14	5.90	3	10.88
8th	143	16	0	11	9.32
9th	248	26	0
合计Total	561	51	0	31	6.45	3	10.88	4	8.93

省份Province	1973—1976		1977—1981		1984—1988		1989—1993		1994—1998		1999—2003		2004—2008		2009—2013		2014—2018
省份Province	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t	$C_\rho/$ (t·hm^?2)	C₀/10⁶t
浙江Zhejiang																	2.08	0.01
福建Fujian													6.87	2.18	18.46	10.02	15.85	6.62
江西Jiangxi															5.01	0.45	3.91	0.10
湖南Hunan															1.56	0.07	7.03	0.27
广东Guangdong	5.31	1.91	11.77	3.89	5.59	1.93	7.62	2.78	5.18	3.03	7.36	6.00	5.27	13.95	9.95	34.08	8.72	32.55
广西Guangxi	4.90	0.49	2.60	0.25			3.47	0.40	12.01	1.73	4.33	1.29	5.61	5.99	10.94	36.17	12.83	65.70
海南Hainan					3.47	0.75	6.45	2.06	10.25	3.49	11.16	3.72	9.09	3.51	12.41	3.63	14.84	3.84
重庆Chongqing													15.63	0.15	5.59	0.52	12.15	0.86
四川Sichuan					3.91	0.05	5.47	0.14			9.26	0.45	6.33	0.80	7.99	2.56	18.34	6.76
贵州Guizhou															4.17	0.08	9.34	0.48
云南Yunnan								0.04	11.86	1.48	9.72	1.12	4.83	2.32	14.18	11.03	18.71	15.81
合计Total	5.22	2.40	9.71	4.14	4.68	2.73	6.28	5.42	8.01	9.73	7.65	12.58	5.68	28.90	11.07	98.61	12.16	133.00

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