Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 130-140.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220481
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Qingcheng Fu,Erfa Qiu*,Yuan Zhang,Huichao Wang,Lanhong Huang
Received:
2022-07-14
Accepted:
2023-05-09
Online:
2023-06-25
Published:
2023-08-08
Contact:
Erfa Qiu
CLC Number:
Qingcheng Fu,Erfa Qiu,Yuan Zhang,Huichao Wang,Lanhong Huang. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Heart Rot of Ancient Ginkgo biloba Trees in Beijing[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(6): 130-140.
Table 1
Indicators and standards of ancient ginkgo tree surveys"
指标类型 Indicator type | 调查指标 Survey indicators | 测量标准 Measurement standard |
生长指标 Growth index | 胸径 DBH/cm | 采用胸径尺测量胸径(1.3 m处) The DBH (at 1.3 m) was measured with a DBH ruler and recorded |
树高 Tree height/m | 利用昕锐 XR850 红外线激光测距测高仪测量树高 Tree height measurement with Xinrui XR850 infrared laser range finder | |
冠高比 Crown height ratio | 树冠与树高比值作为冠高比 Canopy to tree height ratio as crown to height ratio | |
树龄 Tree age/a | 以古树树牌的树龄记录 Record the age of the tree with the old tree tag | |
健康指标 Health indicators | 树皮损伤 Bark damage | 树干无损伤记为5;0~1/6 树干周长损伤记为4;1/6~1/3 树干周长损伤记为3;1/3~1/2 树干周长损伤记为2;> 1/2 树干周长损伤记为1 No trunk damage was recorded as 5; 0-1/6 trunk circumference damage was recorded as 4; 1/6-1/3 damage was recorded as 3; 1/3-1/2 damage was recorded as 2; > 1/2 damage was recorded as 1 |
主干病害 Trunk diseases | 心腐检测处上下20 cm范围内,树干受害>75%记为1;树干受害>50%且≤75%记为2;树干受害>25%且≤50%记为3;树干受害>5%且≤25%记为4;树干受害≤5%记为5 Within 20 cm above and below the heart rot detection, trunk damage >75% was recorded as 1; >50% and ≤75% was recorded as 2; >25% and ≤50% was recorded as 3; >5% and ≤25% was recorded as 4; ≤5% was recorded as 5 | |
主干虫害 Trunk pests | 心腐检测处上下20 cm范围内,树干受害>75%记为1;树干受害>50%且≤75%记为2;树干受害>25%且≤50%记为3;树干受害>5%且≤25%记为4;树干受害≤5%记为5 Within 20 cm above and below the heart rot detection, trunk damage >75% was recorded as 1; >50% and ≤75% was recorded as 2; >25% and ≤50% was recorded as 3; >5% and ≤25% was recorded as 4; ≤5% was recorded as 5 | |
形态指标 Morphological Indicators | 主干倾斜 Trunk tilt | 以林木树干主体与水平地面的夹角为准。树干倾斜角>30°记为1;树干倾斜角20°~30°记为2;树干倾斜角10°~20°记为3;树干倾斜角5°~10°记为4;树干倾斜角0°~5°记为5 The angle between the main body of the tree trunk and the horizontal ground is used. The trunk tilt angle >30° is recorded as 1; trunk tilt angle in 20°–30° is recorded as 2; in 10°–20° is recorded as 3; in 5°–10° is recorded as 4; in 0°–5° is recorded as 5 |
冠形 Crown shape | 树冠不规则,树枝极为不均匀记为1;树冠缺失严重,枝叶分布凌乱记为2;树冠一定程度缺失,形状不规则记为3;树冠少许缺失,较为规则记为4;树冠均匀对称,冠形优美记为5 The crown is irregular and the branches are unevenly distributed, which is 1; the crown is seriously missing and the distribution of branches and leaves is messy, which is 2; the crown is missing to some extent and the shape is irregular, which is 3; the crown is missing a little and is more regular, which is 4; the crown is even and symmetrical and the crown is beautifully shaped, which is 5 | |
环境指标 Environmental indicators | 根系生长空间 Root growth space | 古树周围5 m以上无建筑物、水泥以及岩石等阻碍记为5;古树周围4~5 m有建筑物、水泥以及其他硬化阻碍记为4;古树周围3~4 m有建筑物、水泥以及其他硬化阻碍记为3;古树周围2~3 m有建筑物、水泥以及其他硬化阻碍记为2;古树周围2 m之内有建筑物、水泥以及其他硬化阻碍记为1 No buildings, cement and rocks around the tree for more than 5 m was recorded as 5; buildings, cement and other hardened obstacles around the tree for 4-5 m was recorded as 4; for 3–4 m was recorded as 3; for 2–3 m was recorded as 2; buildings, within 2 m around the tree was recorded as 1 |
树冠生长空间 Canopy growth space | 古树正常生长空间无限制记为5;能满足80%以上的生长空间记为4;能满足60%~80%的生长空间记为3;能满足30%~60%生存空间记为2;只能满足30%以下的生长空间记为1 The normal growth space of old trees without restriction is recorded as 5; can meet more than 80% of the growth space is recorded as 4; can meet 60%–80% is recorded as 3; can meet 30%–60% is recorded as 2; can only meet less than 30% is recorded as 1 | |
土壤紧实度 Soil compaction | 土壤疏松,稍加压力很容易使土块碎散记为5;较疏松,稍加压力便可将刀插入2~3 cm记为4;坚实,不用很大力可把刀插入土体2~3 cm记为3;较坚实,用很大力可把刀插入土体2~3 cm记为2;坚硬,用很大力也难把刀插入土体记为1 Soil loose, a little pressure is easy to make the soil fragmentation recorded as 5; loose, a little pressure can be inserted into the knife 2–3 cm recorded as 4; solid, without very strong recorded as 3; more solid, with very strong recorded as 2; hard, with very strong also difficult to insert the knife into the soil recorded as 1 |
Table 4
Beijing ginkgo ancient tree index statistics"
指标类型 Indicator type | 指标 Indicator | 等级 Grade(%) | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
健康指标 Growth index | 主干病害 Trunk disease | 15 | 9 | 21 | 42 | 13 |
主干虫害 Trunk pest | 2 | 11 | 20 | 45 | 22 | |
树皮损伤 Bark damage | 14 | 3 | 12 | 22 | 49 | |
形态指标 Morphological Indicators | 主干倾斜 Trunk tilt | 0 | 1 | 5 | 41 | 53 |
冠形 Crown shape | 2 | 3 | 20 | 48 | 27 | |
环境指标 Environmental indicators | 根系生长空间 Root growth space | 7 | 4 | 37 | 22 | 30 |
树冠生长空间 Canopy growth space | 0 | 5 | 26 | 37 | 32 | |
土壤紧实度 Soil compaction | 0 | 4 | 16 | 18 | 62 |
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