林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 103-117.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220166
齐丽华,邹献武*,吕斌,付跃进,唐利娜,朱黎明,陈倩,刘波,李伯涛
收稿日期:
2022-03-23
出版日期:
2023-11-25
发布日期:
2023-12-08
通讯作者:
邹献武
基金资助:
Lihua Qi,Xianwu Zou*,Bin Lü,Yuejin Fu,Lina Tang,Liming Zhu,Qian Chen,Bo Liu,Botao Li
Received:
2022-03-23
Online:
2023-11-25
Published:
2023-12-08
Contact:
Xianwu Zou
摘要:
目的: 分析中国主要人工林木材的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)组成及气味物质特征,为低气味木质家居产品筛选合适的木材原料,也为木质家居材料气味的治理确定处理对象、提供治理依据。方法: 采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)对青杨、速生桉、杉木、马尾松和樟木5种人工林木材树皮和心边材的VOCs组成进行定性定量分析,同时根据联用的嗅闻仪表征木材各部位主要气味物质的气味类型、气味强度和嗅阈值。结果: 青杨、速生桉、杉木、马尾松和樟木5种人工林木材的VOCs组分包括萜烯类、醇类、酮类、酸类、醛类、酯类、酚类和呋喃杂环化合物。樟木和马尾松心边材以及杉木和速生桉心材均含有较多VOCs组分。樟木心边材和树皮中富含的芳樟醇和黄樟油精是樟木的独有组分;马尾松心边材中富含的α-蒎烯在樟木中也有少量存在;杉木心材中VOCs含量最高的2种组分为α-雪松烯和β-杜松烯;速生桉心材中VOCs含量最高的2种组分为δ-杜松烯和α-依兰油烯;青杨除树皮中含有少量水杨醛、苯甲醛和呋喃组分外,心边材中VOCs含量甚微。木材气味主要来源于VOCs中的萜烯类、醇类、酮类、醛类和酯类物质。芳樟醇、黄樟油精、丁香油酚和β-石竹烯是樟木的主要气味特征物质;马尾松中富含的α-蒎烯具有松香、松节油的典型香气,但是质量浓度更低的β-石竹烯的气味强度与α-蒎烯相当。杉木和速生桉中的气味物质集中在心材中,气味强度最高的是α-依兰油烯。同一种VOCs成分含量不同时,其气味特征不同。对于樟木、马尾松、杉木和速生桉木材气味的愉悦度,不同人嗅闻时存在感官差异。结论: 杉木和速生桉边材以及青杨心边材是制备低总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和低气味木质家居产品的最佳选择。
中图分类号:
齐丽华,邹献武,吕斌,付跃进,唐利娜,朱黎明,陈倩,刘波,李伯涛. 中国主要人工林木材的VOCs组成及气味特征[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(11): 103-117.
Lihua Qi,Xianwu Zou,Bin Lü,Yuejin Fu,Lina Tang,Liming Zhu,Qian Chen,Bo Liu,Botao Li. VOCs Composition and Odor Characteristics of Main Plantation Wood in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(11): 103-117.
表2
5种木材VOCs的化学组成①"
保留时间Retention time/min | 化合物名称 Compound name | 含量Content / (μg?g?1) | ||||||||||||||||||
樟木Cinnamomum camphora | 马尾松Pinus massoniana | 杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata | 速生桉Eucalyptus sp. | 青杨Populus cathayana | ||||||||||||||||
心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | ||||||
7.976 | 乙酸 Acetic acid | — | — | — | — | 1.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
8.684 | 丙酮Acetone | — | — | — | 3.40 | 0.22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
9.693 | 戊烯1-Pentene | — | — | 0.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
9.703 | 丁烯酮Methyl vinyl ketone | — | 0.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
10.432 | 雪松醇 Cedrol | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
11.213 | 正戊醛Pentanal | — | — | — | — | 0.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
13.085 | 正己醛Hexanal | — | — | — | — | 5.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
13.094 | 戊烯2-Pentene | 0.09 | — | 0.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
13.110 | 3-戊烯-2-酮3-Penten-2-one | — | 0.81 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
14.616 | 正己醇1-Hexanol | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.15 | — | ||||
14.635 | 糠醛Furfural | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
15.483 | 庚醛Heptanal | — | — | — | — | 0.58 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
15.563 | α-水芹烯alpha-Phellandrene | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.06 | 1.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
15.578 | 侧柏烯Thujene | 0.36 | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
15.584 | α-硫烯alpha-Thujene | — | — | — | 0.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
15.861 | 三环烯Tricyclene | — | — | — | 0.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
16.040 | α-蒎烯alpha-Pinene | 1.40 | 1.09 | 0.20 | 1 029.21 | 131.42 | 0.30 | 2.96 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
16.640 | α-葑烯alpha-Fenchene | — | — | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
16.789 | 莰烯Camphene | — | — | — | 23.59 | 2.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
16.893 | 脱氢桧烯Dehydrosabinene | — | — | — | — | 1.90 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
17.035 | β-月桂烯beta-Myrcene | 1.77 | 2.15 | 1.43 | 29.01 | 1.54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
17.253 | 桧烯Sabinene | 5.37 | 2.59 | 0.36 | — | 0.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
17.374 | 2,4-壬二烯醛2,4-Nonadienal | — | — | — | — | 0.27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
17.423 | 呋喃Furan | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.88 | 1.74 | 0.25 | ||||
17.618 | β-蒎烯beta-Pinene | 1.07 | 0.75 | 0.09 | 43.75 | 12.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
17.854 | 反式-2-(2-戊烯基)呋喃trans-2-(2-Pentenyl)furan | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.02 | ||||
18.002 | 己酸 Hexanoic acid | — | — | — | — | 0.40 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
18.143 | 1,3-环己二烯1,3-Cyclohexadiene | — | — | 0.31 | — | 0.26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
18.369 | 反式-β-罗勒烯trans-beta-Ocimene | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
18.516 | 苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.19 | — | 4.16 | ||||
18.536 | (+)-4-蒈烯(+)-4-Carene | — | 0.91 | 1.26 | 0.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
18.560 | 辛醛Octanal | — | — | — | — | 2.72 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
18.928 | 3-蒈烯3-Carene | — | — | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
18.945 | D-柠檬烯D-Limonene | 2.44 | 1.51 | — | 35.50 | 4.95 | 1.15 | 1.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
19.021 | o-伞花烃o-Cymene | 1.90 | 0.51 | — | — | — | — | 0.45 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
19.304 | β-水芹烯beta-Phellandrene | 0.58 | 0.91 | 0.61 | 58.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
19.560 | 桉叶油醇Eucalyptol | 40.76 | 44.81 | 16.24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
19.814 | γ-松油烯gamma-Terpinene | 0.48 | 1.28 | 1.65 | 1.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
20.982 | 正辛醇 1-Octanol | — | — | — | — | 0.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
21.103 | 异松油烯Terpinolene | — | — | 0.40 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
21.145 | 环己烯Cyclohexene | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
21.393 | 2-辛烯醛2-Octenal | — | — | — | — | 0.82 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
21.618 | 2-呋喃甲醇2-Furanmethanol | — | 0.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
21.862 | 水杨醛Salicylaldehyde | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.87 | |||||
22.210 | 芳樟醇Linalool | 209.95 | 495.84 | 98.67 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
22.574 | 壬醛Nonanal | — | — | — | — | 4.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
22.792 | 莰烯醇Camphenol | — | — | — | — | 0.86 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
23.012 | 3,5-二甲基己醇3,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol | — | — | — | — | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
23.287 | 1,3,8-p-薄荷三烯1,3,8-p-Menthatriene | — | — | 2.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
23.317 | 波斯菊萜Cosmene | 0.09 | 0.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
23.405 | 葑酮Fenchone | — | — | — | 1.46 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
24.278 | 乙酸桃金娘酯 Myrtenyl acetate | — | — | — | — | 1.25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
24.712 | 葑醇Fenchol | — | — | — | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
25.162 | 龙脑烯醛alpha-Campholenal | — | — | — | — | 5.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
26.178 | 顺式-香桧醇cis-Sabinol | — | — | — | — | 7.67 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
26.880 | 莰酮Camphor | 4.44 | 8.28 | 0.38 | ||||||||||||||||
27.077 | 水化香桧烯Sabinene hydrate | 14.80 | 39.78 | 3.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
27.090 | 4-侧柏酚4-Thujanol | 13.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
27.126 | 松油烯-4-醇Terpinen-4-ol | — | — | — | 10.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
27.545 | 松香芹酮Pinocarvone | — | — | — | 1.55 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
27.674 | 龙脑Camphol | — | — | 0.27 | — | — | 0.54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
27.897 | α-松油醇alpha-Terpineol | 29.62 | 96.92 | 9.08 | 30.75 | — | 0.05 | 11.14 | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
28.483 | 3,7-辛二烯-2,6-二醇3,7-Octadiene-2,6-diol | — | — | 0.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
28.494 | 脱氢芳樟醇Hotrienol | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
28.500 | 正丁酸Butanoic acid | — | 1.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
28.686 | 香茅醇Citronellol | 0.46 | 1.96 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
28.839 | 桃金娘烯醇(-)-Myrtenol | — | — | — | — | 0.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
29.077 | 香叶醇cis-Geraniol | — | 0.22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
29.305 | 桃金娘烯醛Myrtenal | — | — | — | — | 0.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
29.401 | 反式香苇醇trans-Carveol | — | — | — | — | 3.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
30.007 | 乙酸熏衣草酯Lavandulyl acetate | 0.34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
30.025 | 橙花醇Nerol | — | 0.57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
30.895 | 马鞭草烯酮Verbenone | — | — | — | 0.13 | 0.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
30.947 | 癸烯醛2-Decenal | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
31.313 | 苄基丙酮Benzylacetone | — | — | — | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
31.873 | 乙酸龙脑酯Bornyl acetate | 0.75 | ||||||||||||||||||
32.041 | 黄樟油精Safrole | 130.82 | 171.77 | 13.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
32.882 | δ-榄香烯delta-EIemene | — | 0.31 | 0.93 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
33.785 | 百里香酚Thymol | — | — | — | 3.96 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
33.988 | 4-萜品烯乙酸酯 4-Terpinenyl acetate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
34.293 | α-长叶蒎烯alpha-Longipinene | — | — | — | 40.35 | 20.69 | 0.67 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
34.602 | 依兰烯Ylangene | 0.20 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 2.55 | 1.87 | — | 0.54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
34.801 | 古巴烯Copaene | 11.85 | 10.64 | 14.00 | — | — | — | 1.34 | — | — | 3.50 | 0.33 | — | — | — | — | ||||
34.865 | 环苜蓿烯Cyclosativene | — | — | — | 12.19 | 8.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.115 | 丁香烯Clovene | — | — | — | — | — | 1.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.168 | 月桂烯醛2-Dodecenal | — | — | — | — | 1.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.420 | β-榄香烯beta-Elemene | 0.01 | 6.19 | 5.08 | — | — | — | 16.48 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.542 | 长叶环烯Longicyclene | — | — | — | 34.06 | 20.76 | 1.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.546 | γ-古云烯gamma-Gurjunene | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.14 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.641 | 丁香油酚Eugenol | 2.27 | 6.84 | 2.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.688 | 2-epi-α-柏木萜烯 2-epi-alpha-Funebrene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.48 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.807 | 顺式香柠檬烯cis-alpha-Bergamotene | 10.76 | 0.05 | 38.80 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
35.847 | Di-epi-α-雪松烯Di-epi-alpha-cedrene-(I) | — | — | — | — | — | 5.42 | — | 0.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
36.001 | 异黄樟油精Isosafrole | 0.36 | 0.69 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.013 | (+)-苜蓿烯(+)-Sativene | — | — | — | 23.35 | 16.77 | 0.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.232 | 苷菊环烃Azulene | — | — | — | — | 1.18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.233 | α-檀香烯alpha-Santalene | 92.43 | 135.90 | 200.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.253 | 异戊烯Isoledene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.268 | 愈创木烯beta-Guaiene | — | — | — | 2.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.588 | α-古云烯alpha-Gurjunene | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.93 | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.704 | 反式香柠檬烯 trans -alpha-Bergamotene | — | 12.99 | 16.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.832 | E-β-金合欢烯E-beta-Famesene | 1.12 | 0.76 | 1.66 | 34.49 | 11.36 | — | 7.66 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
36.941 | γ- 榄香烯gamma-Elemene | 3.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
36.950 | 大根香叶烯Germacrene | — | 4.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.067 | β-依兰烯beta-Ylangene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.258 | 2-冰片烯2-Bornene | — | — | 0.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.293 | 长叶松萜烯Longifolene | — | — | — | 835.96 | 475.15 | 15.16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.307 | α-雪松烯alpha-Cedrene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 223.18 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.462 | β-雪松烯beta-Cedrene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36.88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.543 | 石竹烯Caryophyllene | 7.62 | 16.07 | 1.48 | 80.38 | 12.22 | 0.44 | 29.38 | — | 0.19 | 7.23 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.609 | Epi-β-檀香烯Epi-beta-Santalene | 2.13 | 3.51 | 11.89 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
37.954 | (+)-β-雪松烯(+)-beta-Cedrene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
38.124 | β-檀香烯beta-Santalene | 12.26 | 29.43 | 82.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
38.139 | 顺式罗汉柏烯cis-Thujopsene | 8.88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
38.614 | γ-姜黄烯gamma-Curcumene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
38.772 | (+)-瓦伦烯(+)-Valencene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
38.887 | α-姜黄烯alpha-Curcumene | 0.28 | — | 0.97 | — | — | — | 7.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
38.944 | α-喜马沙拉烯alpha-Himachalene | — | — | — | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
39.134 | 蛇麻烯Humulene | 13.15 | 35.74 | 11.26 | 3.19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
39.190 | γ-依兰油烯gamma-Muurolene | — | — | 16.46 | — | — | — | 67.16 | — | — | 7.34 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
39.389 | 别香橙烯 Alloaromadendrene | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.78 | 0.08 | — | — | — | — | |||||
39.520 | 香橙烯Valencene | 5.31 | — | 0.62 | — | — | — | 1.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
39.730 | β-甜没药烯beta-Bisabolene | — | — | — | 2.77 | 2.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
39.831 | β-姜黄烯beta-Curcumene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
39.939 | β-石竹烯beta-Caryophyllene | 1.76 | 2.80 | 8.86 | 2.24 | 0.44 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.057 | α-依兰油烯alpha-Muurolene | 0.20 | 1.04 | 9.13 | — | 0.15 | — | 27.26 | — | — | 16.96 | 0.72 | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.326 | 庚烯2-Heptene | — | — | 0.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.404 | γ-新丁烯gamma-Neoclovene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.433 | 绿花烯Viridiflorene | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.04 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.527 | 香树烯(-)-Alloaromadendrene | — | — | — | 1.24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.584 | β-蛇床烯beta-Selinene | — | — | 10.71 | — | — | — | 17.00 | — | — | 1.40 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.769 | α-蛇床烯alpha-Selinene | 1.42 | — | 10.60 | — | — | — | 13.48 | — | — | 0.44 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.797 | 甘菊环烃Azulene | — | 1.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
40.977 | β-喜马沙拉烯beta-Himachalene | — | — | — | 1.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
41.019 | β-杜松烯beta-Cadinene | 7.55 | 12.98 | 42.39 | — | — | — | 120.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
41.170 | δ-杜松烯delta-Cadinene | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26.30 | 0.06 | — | — | — | — | |||||
41.309 | γ-杜松烯gamma-Cadinene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13.98 | — | — | 11.11 | 0.10 | — | — | — | — | ||||
41.539 | 表姜烯酮Epizonarene | — | — | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
41.693 | 佐拿烯Zonarene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.28 | — | — | 2.44 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
41.735 | 花侧柏烯Cuparene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
41.878 | 顺式-菖蒲烯cis-Calamenene | 0.47 | 0.49 | 13.81 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.88 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
42.010 | 荜澄茄油烯Cubenene | 0.47 | 1.19 | 9.04 | — | — | — | 3.12 | — | — | 0.27 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
42.225 | 反式菖蒲烯trans-Calamenene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.29 | — | — | 0.73 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
42.324 | α-杜松烯alpha-Cadinene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.14 | — | — | 2.60 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
42.514 | 反式香榧醇trans-Nuciferol | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
42.697 | 异长叶烯Isolongifolene | — | 4.99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
42.785 | 肉豆蔻酯Myristicin | 4.36 | 6.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
43.052 | 芹子烷-3,7(11)齐墩果二烯Selina-3,7(11)-diene | — | — | 2.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
43.389 | α-甜旗烯alpha-Calaheartne | — | — | 4.65 | — | — | — | 6.15 | — | — | 0.76 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
44.744 | β-甜旗烯beta-Calacorene | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
45.633 | α-檀香醇alpha-Santalol | — | — | 5.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
45.677 | β-奥普酮beta-Oplopenone | 1.66 | 5.27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
46.127 | 肉豆蔻醛Tetradecanal | — | 1.58 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
46.195 | 香苇醇Carveol | — | — | 0.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
47.894 | α-荜澄茄烯alpha-Corocalene | — | — | 0.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
48.341 | 1,2-长二酮1,2-Longidione | — | — | — | — | 2.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
48.775 | 松柏烯Cembrene | — | — | — | — | 18.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
表3
5种木材的整体气味特征"
树种 Tree species | 部位 Part | 气味类型 Odor type | 气味强度 Odor intensity |
樟木 Cinnamomum camphora | 心材Heart wood | 浓郁薄荷、樟脑气味Rich mint and camphor aromas | 4级4 grade |
边材Sapwood | 浓郁薄荷、樟脑气味Rich mint and camphor aromas | 4级4 grade | |
树皮Bark | 浓郁薄荷、樟脑气味Rich mint and camphor aromas | 4级4 grade | |
马尾松 Pinus massoniana | 心材Heart wood | 松香、松节油气味Rosin and turpentine odors | 5级5 grade |
边材Sapwood | 浓郁薄荷味、酸味混合气味Rich mint and sour mixed odor | 4级4 grade | |
树皮Bark | 较淡焦香味Mild burnt aroma | 2级2 grade | |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 心材Heart wood | 刺激性的木香味Irritating wood fragrance | 5级5 grade |
边材Sapwood | 稍有气味Slightly odorous | 2级2 grade | |
树皮Bark | 勉强可感觉到气味Barely perceptible | 1级1 grade | |
速生桉 Eucalyptus sp. | 心材Heart wood | 青草味Grassy smell | 4级4 grade |
边材Sapwood | 青草味Grassy smell | 3级3 grade | |
树皮Bark | 中草药气味Chinese herbal medicine odor | 3级3 grade | |
青杨 Populus cathayana | 心材Heart wood | 潮湿青草味Moist grass odor | 3级3 grade |
边材Sapwood | 青草味Grassy smell | 3级3 grade | |
树皮Bark | 青草味Grassy smell | 3级3 grade |
表4
人工林木材中的气味物质特征①"
气味强度Odor intensity | |||||||||||||||||
序号 Serial number | 化合物 Compound | 气味特征 Odor characteristics | 樟木 Cinnamomum camphora | 马尾松 Pinus massoniana | 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 速生桉 Eucalyptus sp. | |||||||||||
心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | 心材 Heart wood | 边材 Sapwood | 树皮 Bark | ||||||
1 | α-蒎烯 alpha-Pinene | 松节油香味 Turpentine fragrance | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
2 | β-月桂烯 beta-Myrcene | 清淡瓜香味 Light melon flavor | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
3 | β-蒎烯beta-Pinene | 松节油香味 Turpentine fragrance | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
4 | D-柠檬烯D-Limonene | 柠檬香味 Lemon fragrance | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
5 | α-长叶蒎烯alpha-Longipinene | 苦味Bitter | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
6 | 古巴烯Copaene | 坚果味Nutty | 3 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
7 | 环苜蓿烯(+)-Cyclosativene | 臭屁虫味Stinky odor | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
8 | 苜蓿烯(+)-Sativene | 清香味Fersh | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
9 | 长叶环烯Longicyclene | 清甜味Fresh,sweet | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
10 | β-榄香烯beta-Elemene | 焦香Scorched aroma | — | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
11 | β-石竹烯beta-Caryophyllene | 丁香、麻酱香、甜香Clove,sesame sauce, sweet | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
12 | α-依兰油烯alpha-Muurolene | 清新花香、甜香 Fresh floral fragrance, sweet | 2 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | 4 | — | — | |||
13 | 顺式-菖蒲烯cis-Calamenene | 苦味Bitter | 2 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | |||
14 | β-杜松烯beta-Cadinene | 苦味Bitter | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
15 | 顺式-香柠檬烯 cis -alpha.-Bergamotene | 清甜香Fresh,sweet | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
16 | 长叶烯Longifolene | 甜腻香Sweet and greasy fragrance | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
17 | 石竹烯Caryophyllene | 木香味、苦味 Banksia rose, bitter | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | |||
18 | 蛇麻烯Humulene | 清香Fresh | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
19 | γ-姜黄烯gamma-Curcumene | 酸味Sour | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
20 | γ-依兰油烯gamma-Muurolene | 糖香味Sugar fragrance | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
21 | E-β-金合欢烯E-beta-Famesene | 清甜香Sweet and fragrant | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
22 | α-雪松烯alpha-Cedrene | 青草Grassy smell | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
23 | β-姜黄烯beta-Curcumene | 茶香Tea aroma | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
24 | β-蛇床烯beta-Selinene | 木香、轮胎味 Banksia rose, tire odor | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | — | |||
26 | 荜澄茄油烯Cubenene | 清香Fresh | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
27 | 桉叶油醇Eucalyptol | 樟脑香气Camphor | 3 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
28 | 芳樟醇Linalool | 花香、木香 Floral fragranc, banksia rose | 5 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
29 | 顺式-香桧醇cis-Sabinol | 核桃苦味 Walnut bitterness | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
30 | 龙脑Camphol | 草味Grassy | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
31 | α-松油醇alpha-Terpineol | 丁香味、清香、苦味Ding flavor, fresh, bitter | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
32 | 香茅醇Citronellol | 玫瑰甜香 Rose sweet fragrance | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
33 | 反式香苇醇trans-Carveol | 芝麻香Sesame flavor | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
34 | 黄樟油精Safrole | 黄瓜味Cucumber flavor | 4 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
35 | 丁香油酚Eugenol | 哈密瓜味 Hami melon flavor | 4 | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
36 | 异黄樟油精Isosafrole | 大茴香味Anise flavor | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
37 | 正己醛Octanal | 木香Banksia rose | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
38 | 辛醛Octanal | 清香Fresh | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
39 | 癸烯醛2-Decenal | 黄瓜味Cucumber flavor | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
40 | 月桂烯醛2-Dodecenal | 柑橘香Citrus | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
41 | 乙酸龙脑酯Bornyl acetate | 茶香Tea aroma | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
42 | 肉豆蔻酯Myristicine | 苦味Bitter | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
43 | 乙酸熏衣草酯Lavandulyl acetate | 花清香Flower | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
44 | 莰酮Camphor | 草味Grassy | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
45 | 马鞭草烯酮Verbenone | 黄瓜味Cucumber flavor | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
表5
人工林木材中主要气味物质的嗅阈值①"
序号 Serial number | 化合物 Compound | 实测嗅阈值 Measured olfactory threshold / (mg?m?3) | 文献中嗅阈值( Olfactory thresholdin references/ (mg?m?3) |
1 | 芳樟醇Linalool | 1.28 | 6.0(1 999) |
2 | 黄樟油精Safrole | 2.16 | 16~30(1 971) |
3 | 丁香油酚Eugenol | 0.03 | 0.005~0.005 5(1 936)、0.2(1 931)、0.23(1 922)、 0.2~0.23(1 927) |
4 | α-蒎烯alpha-Pinene | 13.94 | 0.1(2 003)、23(2 000) |
5 | β-石竹烯beta-Caryophyllene | 0.027 | 11.0~13.0(1 983) |
6 | α-依兰油烯alpha-Muurolene | 0.011 | — |
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