欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 103-117.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220166

• • 上一篇    下一篇

中国主要人工林木材的VOCs组成及气味特征

齐丽华,邹献武*,吕斌,付跃进,唐利娜,朱黎明,陈倩,刘波,李伯涛   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 国家人造板与木竹制品质量检验检测中心 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 邹献武
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业和草原局重点研发项目“饰面刨花板气味物质的识别与控制机制研究”(GLM [2021] 17 号);行业标准“人造板及其制品中气味物质的测定气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻法”;国家重点研发计划“刨花板与纤维板气味减控关键技术”(2022YFD2200704)

VOCs Composition and Odor Characteristics of Main Plantation Wood in China

Lihua Qi,Xianwu Zou*,Bin Lü,Yuejin Fu,Lina Tang,Liming Zhu,Qian Chen,Bo Liu,Botao Li   

  1. National Center of Inspection and Testing for Wood-Based Panels and Wood-Bamboo Products Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091
  • Received:2022-03-23 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-08
  • Contact: Xianwu Zou

摘要:

目的: 分析中国主要人工林木材的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)组成及气味物质特征,为低气味木质家居产品筛选合适的木材原料,也为木质家居材料气味的治理确定处理对象、提供治理依据。方法: 采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)对青杨、速生桉、杉木、马尾松和樟木5种人工林木材树皮和心边材的VOCs组成进行定性定量分析,同时根据联用的嗅闻仪表征木材各部位主要气味物质的气味类型、气味强度和嗅阈值。结果: 青杨、速生桉、杉木、马尾松和樟木5种人工林木材的VOCs组分包括萜烯类、醇类、酮类、酸类、醛类、酯类、酚类和呋喃杂环化合物。樟木和马尾松心边材以及杉木和速生桉心材均含有较多VOCs组分。樟木心边材和树皮中富含的芳樟醇和黄樟油精是樟木的独有组分;马尾松心边材中富含的α-蒎烯在樟木中也有少量存在;杉木心材中VOCs含量最高的2种组分为α-雪松烯和β-杜松烯;速生桉心材中VOCs含量最高的2种组分为δ-杜松烯和α-依兰油烯;青杨除树皮中含有少量水杨醛、苯甲醛和呋喃组分外,心边材中VOCs含量甚微。木材气味主要来源于VOCs中的萜烯类、醇类、酮类、醛类和酯类物质。芳樟醇、黄樟油精、丁香油酚和β-石竹烯是樟木的主要气味特征物质;马尾松中富含的α-蒎烯具有松香、松节油的典型香气,但是质量浓度更低的β-石竹烯的气味强度与α-蒎烯相当。杉木和速生桉中的气味物质集中在心材中,气味强度最高的是α-依兰油烯。同一种VOCs成分含量不同时,其气味特征不同。对于樟木、马尾松、杉木和速生桉木材气味的愉悦度,不同人嗅闻时存在感官差异。结论: 杉木和速生桉边材以及青杨心边材是制备低总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和低气味木质家居产品的最佳选择。

关键词: 人工林木材, 挥发性有机化合物, 气味, 气质-嗅闻联用分析

Abstract:

Objective: In order to screen suitable wood raw materials for the production of low odor wooden household materials, and to provide the treatment object and basis, the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) composition and odor substance characteristics of main plantation wood in China were studied and determined in this paper. Method: The VOCs compositions of bark/heart wood/sapwood of five main plantations in China, including Populus cathayana, Eucalyptus sp., Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora, were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At the same time, the odor types and odor intensity of main odor substances in each part of wood were characterized according to the combined sniffing instrument Result: The VOCs components of Populus cathayana, Eucalyptus sp., Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora include terpenes, alcohols, ketones, acids, aldehydes, esters, phenols and furan heterocyclic compounds. VOCs are mainly distributed in the heart wood/sapwood of Cinnamomum camphora, Pinus massoniana, and in the heart wood of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Eucalyptus sp. Linalool and safrole are the specific and rich components in Cinnamomum camphora. α-pinene riched in pine heart wood/sapwood also exists in a small amount in Cinnamomum camphora. α-cedrene and β-cadinene are the two largest components in heart wood of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Correspondingly, δ-cadinene and α-muurolene are the two largest components in heart wood of Eucalyptus sp. In addition to a small amount of salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde and furan components in the bark, the VOCs content in the heart wood/sapwood of Populus cathayana is very small. Wood odor mainly comes from terpenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and esters in wood VOCs. Linalool, safrole, eugenol and β-caryophyllene are the main odor characteristic substance of Cinnamomum camphora. In Pinus massoniana, α-pinene is rich and had the typical aroma of rosin and turpentine. However, the odour intensity of β-caryophyllene, with lower mass concentration, is equal to that of α-pinene. The odor substances in cunninghamia lanceolata and Eucalyptus sp. are concentrated in their heart wood, and the odor intensity of α-muurolene is the highest. Furthermore, the same VOC component shows different odor characteristic when its content is different. And different people have different senses when smelling the same wood, including Eucalyptus sp., Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora. Conclusion: The sapwood of Eucalyptus sp., Cunninghamia lanceolata, and the heart wood/sapwood of Populus cathayana are the best choice for the preparation of low total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and low odor wooden household products.

Key words: plantation wood, volatile organic compounds, odor, GCMS-olfactory analysis

中图分类号: