中纤板VOCs释放对室内空气品质影响评估

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200714

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过中纤板VOCs释放对室内空气品质的影响评价，预估中纤板在室内单独使用时的最大装载量，为室内装饰以及室内空气品质检测提供理论依据。方法: 以中纤板素板、PVC饰面中纤板和三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板为研究对象，采用1 m³气候箱模拟室内环境，利用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析中纤板一个周期（28天）释放VOCs的质量浓度变化，建立单因子指数模型确定中纤板释放的主要污染物，应用改进的沈氏模式对中纤板素板以及不同饰面中纤板被用于室内环境可能造成的污染进行综合评价，并预估中纤板在室内单独使用时的最大装载量。结果: 在1 m³气候箱测试条件下，中纤板素板释放的主要污染物为酯类、芳香烃类和烯烃类，PVC饰面中纤板、三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板释放的主要污染物为芳香烃类和酯类。VOCs释放达到稳定后，单独使用三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板的室内空气品质为Ⅰ级，适合居住；在释放初期，单独使用中纤板素板或PVC饰面中纤板的室内空气品质为Ⅴ级和Ⅳ级，污染较严重，待VOCs释放达到稳定后，室内空气品质上升至Ⅱ级，满足居住条件。在保证室内空气未污染的前提下，中纤板素板、PVC饰面中纤板和三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板在室内单独使用时的最大装载量分别为1.5、1.8和3.2 m²·m^-3。结论: 中纤板VOCs释放对室内空气品质的影响评价较为理想，挥发性有机化合物释放达到稳定后，单独使用中纤板的室内空气品质可达无污染标准。在保证室内空气未污染的前提下，中纤板素板、PVC饰面中纤板和三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板在室内单独使用时的最大装载量分别为1.5、1.8和3.2 m²·m^-3。

关键词: 中纤板, 挥发性有机化合物, 室内空气品质, 主要污染物, 综合评估

Abstract:

Objective: By evaluating the effects of VOCs released from MDF on indoor air quality(IAQ), the maximum loading capacity of MDF when it was used alone indoors was estimated. Method: Unfinished MDF, PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were selected as research objectives, the 1 m³ climate chamber was used to simulate indoor environment and GC-MS were used to analyze VOCs concentration changes of MDF during one cycle. The main pollutants released by MDF were determined through establishing single factor index model, and the improved Shen model was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of possible pollution caused by MDF to the indoor environment. Result: The results showed that when the indoor environment was under the test conditions of this climate chamber, the main pollutants released by unfinished MDF were esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins. The main pollutants released by PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were both aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. After the release of VOCs reached an equilibrium state, when melamine finishing MDF was used alone indoors, the indoor air quality was grade Ⅰ, being suitable for living. In the initial stage of release, when unfinished MDF or PVC facing MDF were used alone indoors, the indoor air quality were grade Ⅴ and grade Ⅳ, which were seriously polluted. After the release of VOCs became stable, the indoor air quality was all grade Ⅱ, which met the living conditions. Under the premise of ensuring that the indoor air is not polluted, the maximum loading capacity of control MDF, PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were 1.5, 1.8 and 3.2 m²·m^-3, respectively. Conclusion: The evaluation of the impact of volatile organic compounds released from MDF used on indoor air quality was quite satisfactory. After the release of volatile organic compounds achieved a steady state, the indoor air quality where the MDF was used alone, achieved a pollution-free standard. Under the premise of guaranteeing that the indoor air is not polluted, the maximum loading capacity of control MDF, PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were 1.5, 1.8 and 3.2 m²·m^-3, respectively.

Key words: MDF, VOCs, indoor air quality (IAQ), major pollutants, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

TS653

蒋利群,赵政,沈隽,孟娟,董华君. 中纤板VOCs释放对室内空气品质影响评估[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(7): 135-141.

Liqun Jiang,Zheng Zhao,Jun Shen,Juan Meng,Huajun Dong. Evaluation of Effects of VOCs Released by MDF on Indoor Air Quality[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 135-141.

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参数Parameter	条件Condition
色谱柱Column	DB-5(3 m×0.26 mm×0.25 μm)
载气Carrier gas	氦气Helium(99.99%)
温度程序Temperature program	40 ℃(2 min)→50 ℃(4 min)→150 ℃(4 min)→250 ℃(8 min)
离子源Source of ion	电子离子Electron ion
离子源温度Ion source temperature	230 ℃
扫描模式Scanning mode	全扫描Full scan

时间Time/d	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	其他 Other	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
1	25.13	97.33	10.39	52.84	47.57	49.34	282.60
3	14.92	101.02	5.55	26.11	30.82	39.33	217.75
7	2.97	74.44	5.26	17.76	16.16	43.96	160.55
14	2.77	61.21	6.01	18.30	13.38	25.61	127.28
21	4.39	43.45	4.00	14.05	11.34	14.63	91.86
28	2.54	40.81	5.10	14.21	11.02	13.60	87.28

时间Time/d	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	其他 Other	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
1	7.10	75.60	13.49	50.60	16.46	52.25	215.50
3	7.40	53.63	9.14	43.82	17.76	36.45	168.20
7	3.40	62.50	6.44	23.32	14.82	22.62	133.10
14	4.05	54.24	5.15	21.88	15.01	22.60	122.93
21	2.23	35.97	7.81	12.89	9.84	17.85	86.59
28	2.89	32.95	4.64	12.31	10.00	14.14	76.93

时间Time/d	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	其他 Other	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
1	4.03	54.50	9.39	23.71	16.01	24.12	115.75
3	2.43	43.63	6.80	25.33	15.38	25.45	103.64
7	1.73	26.46	7.26	16.24	10.16	16.26	67.95
14	2.28	23.11	6.78	8.98	9.33	19.54	60.69
21	1.02	22.63	4.82	6.42	8.01	13.30	48.19
28	1.83	17.79	2.53	7.33	8.37	12.21	41.69

评价因子Evaluation factor	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
检测质量浓度 Detection concentration(C_i)	25.13	97.33	10.39	52.84	47.57	282.60
限量质量浓度 Limiting concentration(C_vi)	100	50	20	20	30	300
分指数Single-factor index(I_i)	0.25	1.95	0.52	2.64	1.59	0.94
超标倍数Multiplier	—	0.95	—	1.64	0.59	—