不同造林密度马尾松人工林分化特征及其对生产力的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究不同造林密度马尾松人工林生长过程中个体分化特征及其对生产力的影响，为确定适宜经营密度、培育马尾松林中大径材、提高林分生产力提供依据。方法: 基于2 500、3 333、4 500、6 000株·hm^?2（分别记为A、B、C、D）4种马尾松造林密度试验林连续15年的定位观测数据，采用随机森林和结构方程分析林龄、造林密度和自然稀疏过程对马尾松人工林个体分化及其生产力的影响规律。结果: Gini系数（个体大小分化）随林龄增加显著减小，随造林密度增加显著增大。林分自然稀疏过程中，随林龄增加活立木株数显著减小，林分自然稀疏率呈波动性变化且随造林密度增加显著增大。A密度相较其他密度率先达到大径材占比25%（21年生），中径材占比50%（17年生）。马尾松人工林林分蓄积量随林龄增加呈对数函数增长，15年间林分蓄积量增加顺序为A（420.03 m³·hm^?2）>C（202.51 m³·hm^?2）>B（186.76 m³·hm^?2）>D（148.95 m³·hm^?2），林分生产力整体呈先增加后减小并逐渐趋于稳定。林龄、造林密度和活立木株数对Gini系数和林分生产力均具有显著影响，其中林龄对Gini系数具有显著负向影响，造林密度对Gini系数具有显著正向影响；林龄和造林密度对林分生产力的影响主要通过“林龄-活立木株数-林分生产力、造林密度-Gini系数-林分生产力”的间接作用。结论: 马尾松人工林2 500株·hm^?2造林密度下，林木个体大小分化程度较小，生产力水平较高，适合南亚热带地区中大径材马尾松人工林培育。

关键词: 马尾松, 造林密度, 林分生长, 径阶分布, 结构方程

Abstract:

Objective: To study the characteristics of individual differentiation and its impact on productivity in the growth process of different densities of Pinus massoniana, it provides a basis for determining suitable management densities, cultivating large-diameter woods and improving stand productivity in P. massoniana forests. Method: Based on 15 continuous years observation data of four kinds of P.massoniana plantations with planting density of 2 500, 3 333, 4 500 and 6 000 plants·hm^?2 (denoted as: A, B, C, D), and random forests and structural equations were used to explore the influence of forest age, planting density and self-thinning process on individual differentiation and productivity of P. massoniana forests. Result: Gini coefficient (individual size differentiation) decreased significantly with increasing stand age and increased significantly with increasing density. In the process of stand self-thinning, the number of standing trees decreased significantly with the increase of stand age, and the self-thinning rate fluctuated and increased significantly with the increase of stand density. The A density (2 500 tree·hm^?2) is the first to reach 25% of the large diameter wood (21 years old) and 50% of the medium diameter wood (17 years old) compared with other densities. The stand volume increased logarithmically with the increase of stand age of P. massoniana, and the increase order in 15 years was A (420.03 m³·hm^?2) > C (202.51 m ³·hm^?2) > B (186.76 m ³·hm^?2) > D (148.95 m ³·hm^?2), the stand productivity increased first and then decreased and tended to be stable. The stand age, planting density and the number of living standing trees have significant effects on Gini coefficient and stand productivity, among which stand age has a significant negative effect on Gini coefficient, and planting density has a significant positive effect. The effect of stand age and planting density on stand productivity was mainly through the indirect effect of “stand age-number of living standing trees-stand productivity, planting density-Gini coefficient-stand productivity”. Conclusion: At density A (2 500 tree·hm^?2), the individual differentiation degree is small and the high productivity level of the P. massoniana stand, which is suitable for the cultivation of medium and large diameter wood in the south subtropical region of P. massoniana plantations.

Key words: Pinus massoniana, planting density, stand growth, diameter order distribution, structural equation

中图分类号:

S757

颜培栋,李鹏,杨章旗,黄绥理,周永斌,零天旺. 不同造林密度马尾松人工林分化特征及其对生产力的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(10): 66-75.

Peidong Yan,Peng Li,Zhangqi Yang,Suili Huang,Yongbin Zhou,Tianwang Ling. Differentiation Characteristics and Their Effects on Productivity with Different Planting Densities of Pinus massoniana Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(10): 66-75.

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林龄 Age /a	林分类型 Stand type	造林密度 Planting density/ (tree·hm^?2)	林分密度 Stand density/ (tree·hm^?2)	平均胸径（胸径范围） Mean DBH (DBH_min ~DBH_max) /cm	平均树高（树高范围） Mean tree height (H_min ~H_max) /m	林分蓄积量 Stand volume/ (m³·hm^?2)
10	A	2 500	2 409±60	11.82±3.64(5.4~20.1)	10.81±1.76(6.0~13.8)	169.76±29.82
	B	3 333	2 685±40	10.74±3.96(4.8~19.0)	10.84±2.07(5.5~15.3)	160.72±25.57
	C	4 500	3 759±148	10.22±3.53(4.5~20.5)	10.51±1.93(5.5~14.5)	203.15±25.69
	D	6 000	4 524±121	9.37±2.94(4.5~18.8)	10.15±1.94(5.1~15.0)	196.56±26.15
24	A	2 500	2 409±60	23.56±5.21(15.3~35.5)	20.72±3.03(11.9~25.2)	420.03±17.42
	B	3 333	2 685±40	23.64±5.48(14.8~38.7)	21.23±2.52(15.6~26.1)	360.62±27.86
	C	4 500	3 759±148	23.97±5.70(12.9~39.0)	20.74±3.41(13.0~27.5)	405.66±37.65
	D	6 000	4 524±121	22.24±5.28(13.6~33.8)	20.51±2.93(11.8~25.2)	345.51±12.39

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