带状采伐宽度对毛竹林地下竹鞭结构特征的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210803

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究不同宽度带状采伐下毛竹地下竹鞭结构和数量特征的差异，旨在探究毛竹鞭根生长对带状采伐的适应机制，为毛竹林经营提供理论参考。方法: 选择立地条件和竹龄结构一致、坡向相同的毛竹纯林，在2016年11月进行带状采伐，采伐带宽分别为6、8、10 m，设置3种采伐带宽的长度为30 m的采伐带样地，并在采伐带样地之间设置同样标准的保留带；在2019年10月对不同宽度采伐带和保留带样地的竹鞭生长指标进行调查分析，测定不同土层、不同鞭龄的竹鞭的总鞭长、鞭节数、平均鞭径、平均节间长、鞭干质量等指标，分析其对不同采伐带宽的响应差异。结果: 1）在8 m采伐带的竹鞭的总鞭长和鞭干质量显著高于6 m采伐带（P<0.05），但与10 m采伐带差异不显著；8 m采伐带的平均鞭径显著低于10 m采伐带（P<0.05），但与6 m采伐带的差异不显著；8 m采伐带的鞭节数显著高于6 m和10 m采伐带（P<0.05）；3种宽度采伐带之间的竹鞭平均节间长无显著差异，但随带宽增加表现出降低趋势。相比于保留带，3种宽度采伐带的竹鞭总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量均呈增加趋势。2）与保留带相比，各竹鞭年龄阶段的结构特征在不同宽度采伐带间表现出变幅差异。在幼龄鞭段，8 m带宽采伐带的总鞭长、平均节间长和鞭干质量的增幅分别达到49.20%、45.48%、58.38%；在壮龄鞭段，6 m和8 m采伐带的总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量显著增加（P<0.05）；在老龄鞭段，6 、8 m采伐带的竹鞭总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量均出现降低，10 m采伐带则相反。3）在0 ~ 20和20 ~ 40 cm土层，8 m和10 m采伐带的鞭节数和鞭干质量较保留带均显著增加（P<0.05），其中0~20 cm 土层中8 m带宽的总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量较保留带的增幅达80.83%、87.50%和45.27%，10 m带宽的平均鞭径和平均节间长较保留带减少了7.25%和5.34%。在20 ~ 40 cm土层中，8 m采伐带中竹鞭的5项指标相较于保留带均有所增加，尤其是总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量的增量达显著性水平。4）采伐带的总鞭芽数量特征总体优于保留带，其中8 m采伐带的总鞭芽数显著高于6 m和10 m采伐带（P<0.05），3种带宽之间的保留带总鞭芽数无显著差异；不同宽度带状采伐的竹鞭的弱芽比例均高于壮芽比例，8 m采伐带的壮芽比例最高（33.75%），6 m采伐带的空芽节比例最高（18.26%）。结论: 在本研究中，8 m带宽处理的毛竹林的竹鞭各指标总体优于6 m和10 m带宽，因此建议毛竹林的机械化经营可考虑采用8 m采伐带宽。合理的采伐带宽能够促进毛竹林竹鞭的延伸和扩展，并可能会进一步地改善毛竹林的笋、材产量和质量以及经营效益，也能为将来的机械化经营提供采伐带宽参考。

关键词: 毛竹, 带状采伐, 竹鞭, 数量特征

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the effect of strip cutting with different widths on the structural characteristics of underground rhizomes of Phyllostachys edulis was investigated, in order to explore the adaptation mechanism of underground rhizome system of P. edulis to strip cutting with different widths, and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of P. edulis forests. Method: A pure bamboo forest with the same site conditions, bamboo age structure, and slope aspect was targeted, and strip cuttings were conducted with three different strip widths, 6 m, 8 m, and 10 m, and a strip length of 30 m. The same standard reserved bands between the cutting strips were set. In October 2019, the bamboo rhizome characteristics in the different width cutting bands and reserved bands were investigated. The total rhizome length, rhizome node number, average rhizome diameter, average internode length, rhizome dry weight and other indicators in different soil layers and different rhizome age were measured, and the indicators were used for analysis of their response differences to different logging bandwidths. Result: 1 ) The total length and dry weight of bamboo rhizome in 8 m cutting band were significantly greater than those in 6 m cutting band ( P < 0.05 ), but had no significant difference with those in 10 m cutting band. The average rhizome diameter of 8 m cutting band was significantly smaller than that of 10 m cutting band ( P < 0.05), but not significantly different from that of 6 m cutting band. The number of rhizome nodes in 8 m cutting band was significantly greater than that in 6 m and 10 m cutting bands ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the average internode length of bamboo rhizome among the three width cutting bands, but the length showed a decreasing trend with the increase of bandwidth. Compared with the reserved strip, the total rhizome length, rhizome node number and rhizome dry weight of three kinds of cutting strips showed an increasing trend. 2) Compared with the retention zone, the structural characteristics of the each rhizome age stage showed different amplitudes of variation among different width cutting zones. In the young rhizome section, the total rhizome length, average internode length and rhizome dry weight in the 8 m bandwidth harvesting band increased by 49.20%, 45.48% and 58.38%, respectively. In the middle-aged rhizome section, the total rhizome length, rhizome number and rhizome dry weight in 6 m and 8 m cutting bands increased significantly ( P < 0.05). In the old rhizome section, the total rhizome length, rhizome node number and rhizome dry weight of bamboo rhizomes in the 6 m and 8 m cutting bands decreased, while those in the 10 m cutting band was the opposite. 3) In 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers, the number and dry weight of rhizomes in 8 m and 10 m cutting bands were significantly greater than those in reserved bands ( P < 0.05). In 0–20 cm soil layer, the total rhizome length, number and dry weight of rhizomes in 8 m cutting band were 80.83%, 87.50% and 45.27% greater than those in reserved band, and the average rhizome diameter and average internode length in 10 m cutting band were 7.25% and 5.34% smaller than those in reserved band. In 20–40 cm soil layer, the five indexes of bamboo rhizome in 8 m cutting band were greater than those in retaining band, especially the increments of total rhizome length, rhizome node number and rhizome dry weight were significant. 4) The total number of rhizome buds in the cutting zone was generally more than that in the retention zone. The total number of rhizome buds in the 8 m cutting zone was significantly greater than that in the 6 m and 10 m cutting zones ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total number of rhizome buds in the retention zones between the three different bandwidths. The proportion of weak buds of bamboo rhizomes harvested in different widths was higher than that of strong buds. The proportion of strong buds in 8 m cutting band was the highest (33.75%), and the proportion of empty buds in 6 m cutting band was the highest (18.26%). Conclusion: Reasonable cutting bandwidth can promote the extension and expansion of underground bamboo rhizome, further affect the yield and quality of bamboo shoots and timber, improve the economic benefits of bamboo forest management, and also provide effective solutions for the future mechanized management of bamboo forests. In this study, the indexes of bamboo rhizome with 8 m band width are better than those with 6 m and 10 m band width. Therefore, 8 m band width can be used as a reference for future mechanized management of bamboo forest.

Key words: moso bamboo, strip clearcutting, bamboo rhizome, quantitative characteristics

中图分类号:

S718.43

蔡宗明,邓智文,李秉钧,李士坤,温伟庆,荣俊冬,郑郁善,陈礼光. 带状采伐宽度对毛竹林地下竹鞭结构特征的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(4): 79-87.

Zongming Cai,Zhiwen Deng,Bingjun Li,Shikun Li,Weiqing Wen,Jundong Rong,Yushan Zheng,Liguang Chen. Effects of Strip-cutting Width on the Structural Characteristics of Underground Bamboo Rhizome in Moso Bamboo Forests[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(4): 79-87.

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采伐类型 Type	带宽 Width/ m	密度 Density/（plant·hm^?2）	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	平均高 Mean height/ m	年龄结构 Ratio of age (Ⅰ∶Ⅱ∶Ⅲ)	坡度 Gradient/（°）	海拔 Elevation/ m
保留带 Leave strip	6	2171±138	8.3±0.54	8.9±0.29	0.20∶0.64∶0.16	22	414
	8	2468±170	8.8±0.08	9.2±0.19	0.31∶0.52∶0.17	25	420
	10	2314±155	8.4±0.30	9.4±0.79	0.25∶0.49∶0.26	26	439
采伐带 Cutting strip	6	2163±156	7.9±0.55	8.1±0.42	0.21∶0.63∶0.16	23	416
	8	2528±106	8.2±0.23	8.3±0.26	0.23∶0.55∶0.22	26	422
	10	2102±104	7.7±0.18	8.6±0.53	0.35∶0.44∶0.21	28	443

经营方式 Type	带宽 Didth/m	总鞭长 Total rhizome Length/(cm·m^?2)	平均鞭径 Average rhizome diameter/ cm	平均节间长 Average internode Length/ cm	鞭节数 Number of flagellum nodes/（node·m^?2）	鞭干质量 Rhizome weight/ （g·m^?2）
采伐带 Cutting strip	6	363.83±53.26b	2.53±0.06ab	6.08±0.20a	59.33±7.62b	855.39±143.52b
	8	721.17±82.48a	2.31±0.09b	5.95±0.63a	146.00±8.15a	1 688.64±267.22a
	10	456.33±104.90ab	2.59±0.03a	5.10±0.51a	79.33±22.67b	1321.15±106.36ab
	均值 Mean	513.78	2.47	5.71	94.89	1288.39
保留带 Leave strip	6	305.63±18.06b	2.46±0.07a	5.62±022a	54.67±4.70c	518.32±51.28b
	8	495.00±32.63a	2.48±0.08a	4.23±0.29b	117.00±1.16a	1 095.31±193.83a
	10	399.50±51.50ab	2.60±0.18a	5.48±0.41a	72.33±4.26b	1 056.33±137.99a
	均值 Mean	400.04	2.51	5.11	81.33	889.99

带宽 Width/m	总鞭长 Total rhizome length (%)	平均鞭径 Average rhizome diameter (%)	平均节间长 Average internode Length (%)	鞭节数 Number of rhizome nodes (%)	鞭干质量 Rhizome weight (%)
6	19.04*	2.98	8.24	8.52	65.03*
8	45.69*	?6.86	40.58*	24.79*	54.17*
10	14.23	?0.64	?6.93	9.68	25.07*

采伐类型 Type	鞭龄 Age	带宽 Width/ m	总鞭长 Total rhizome length / (cm·m^?2)	平均鞭径 Average rhizome diameter/ cm	平均节间长 Average internode length/ cm	鞭节数 Number of rhizome nodes/ (node·m^?2)	鞭干质量 Rhizome weight/ (g·m^?2)
采伐带 Cutting strip	幼龄鞭 Young rhizome	6	163.09±8.97b	2.24±0.13a	5.56±0.82a	27.00±7.51b	338.22±23.67b
		8	325.75±12.26a	2.41±0.07a	5.90±1.04a	50.00±1.53a	637.21±20.64a
		10	150.50±27.73b	2.59±0.25a	4.61±0.18a	34.67±7.54ab	343.56±78.21b
	壮龄鞭 Age rhizome	6	317.75±46.25a	2.55±0.11a	5.91±0.17a	53.50±8.50a	864.05±248.14a
		8	352.50±22.79a	2.61±0.03a	5.43±0.34a	64.33±7.22a	814.40±45.20a
		10	149.00±37.75b	2.35±0.13a	7.16±0.67a	22.00±6.11b	359.70±70.94b
	老龄鞭 Aging rhizome	6	72.00±2.00a	2.88±0.12a	6.59±0.42a	11.00±1.00a	146.76±18.11a
		8	141.00±49.00a	2.48±0.08a	5.38±0.75a	27.50±12.50a	355.03±71.63a
		10	163.17±43.23a	2.71±0.12a	4.79±0.99a	39.33±12.57a	378.08±106.82a
保留带 Leave strip	幼龄鞭 Young rhizome	6	156.46±21.98b	2.34±0.07b	5.65±0.14a	27.67±3.51b	285.23±28.72b
		8	218.33±43.62a	2.50±0.09a	4.05±0.35b	54.33±12.90a	402.34±88.21a
		10	126.40±17.31b	2.31±0.04b	5.60±1.20a	23.00±4.36b	227.94±27.71b
	壮龄鞭 Age rhizome	6	140.33±3.93b	2.36±0.18a	5.48±0.10a	25.67±1.20a	332.07±36.43a
		8	235.29±28.91a	2.45±0.08a	5.93±0.26a	47.67±15.19a	441.73±233.55a
		10	128.78±16.89b	2.54±0.08a	6.00±0.34a	21.33±1.76a	316.80±69.56a
	老龄鞭 Aging rhizome	6	90.17±6.17a	2.48±0.02a	5.68±0.33a	16.00±2.00a	216.55±3.63a
		8	89.74±10.26a	2.85±0.05a	5.28±0.52a	17.50±3.50a	198.93±24.27a
		10	90.09±3.92a	2.74±0.24a	6.04±0.91a	17.89±1.11a	259.87±27.69a

鞭龄Rhizome age	带宽 Width/m	总鞭长 Total rhizome Length (%)	平均鞭径 Average rhizome diameter (%)	平均节间长 Average internode length (%)	鞭节数 Number of rhizome nodes (%)	鞭干质量 Rhizome quality (%)
幼龄鞭 Young rhizome	6	4.23	?4.41	?1.53	?2.4	18.58
	8	49.20*	?3.34	45.48*	?7.98	58.38*
	10	19.06	12.26	?17.74	50.74*	50.73 *
壮龄鞭 Age rhizome	6	126.43*	7.99	7.76	108.44*	160.20*
	8	23.56*	6.39	?8.44	34.95*	60.19*
	10	15.70	?7.48	19.37	3.14	13.54
老龄鞭 Aging rhizome	6	?20.15*	16.13	9.57	?31.25*	?32.23*
	8	?40.07*	0.88	?22.10*	?42.31*	?19.63
	10	80.95*	9.27	?15.54	145.81*	74.59*